K-means clustering is an unsupervised machine learning algorithm that is useful for clustering and categorizing unlabeled data points. It works by assigning data points to a set number of clusters, K, where each data point belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean. The document discusses how k-means clustering can be applied to network shared resources mining to overcome limitations of existing methods. It provides details on how k-means clustering works, compares it to other clustering algorithms, and demonstrates how it can accurately and efficiently cluster network resource data into groups within 0.6 seconds on average.