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The ACM Symposium On Applied Computing 2013 
(ACM-SAC 2013) - Coimbra, Portugal, March 18 - 22, 2013 
Hierarchical VViissuuaall FFiilltteerriinngg,, 
pprraaggmmaattiicc aanndd eeppiisstteemmiicc 
aaccttiioonnss ffoorr ddaattaabbaassee 
vviissuuaalliizzaattiioonn 
Jose F Rodrigues Jr, 
Carlos E Cirilo, Antonio F Prado, Luciana A M Zaina 
Computer Science and Mathematics Institute (ICMC) 
Computer Science Department 
Brazil 
http://www.icmc.usp.br/~junio/PublishedPapers/RodriguesJr_et_al-ACMSAC2013.pdf
(SAC-2013) 
¨Increasing volume of data that cannot be well 
employed to produce useful knowledge 
¨The efficient analysis of multivariate data can 
provide assistance in decision making 
¨Raw visualization techniques are limited in the 
task of data analysis, while datasets are 
unlimited both in size and complexity 
2/20 
There is a need for visualization 
mechanisms that reduce the 
drawback of massive datasets. 
MM
(SAC-2013) 
¨ Due to overlap of graphical items, some regions 
of the visualization seam like blots in the display 
¨Massively populated datasets tend to result in a 
visualization scene with an unacceptable level of 
clutter 
3/20 
eehhTT 
Overlap of graphical items 
Visual clutter
(SAC-2013) 
4/20 
eehhTT 
Multiple concurrent perspectives
(SAC-2013) 
5/20 
eehhTT 
¨How to reduce visual clutter problems at the 
same time that we put together multiple views 
of the same data?
(SAC-2013) 
6/20 
mmggaarr PP 
¨From cognitive science, Kirsh and Maglio 
identified two kinds of actions: 
¨Pragmatic: actions performed to bring one 
closer to a goal; 
¨Epistemic: actions performed to describe, 
and uncover, information that, otherwise, 
would be hard to process mentally. 
¨Arithmetic example: 
¨Pragmatic corresponds to steps in order to 
solve the problem; 
¨Epistemic corresponds to annotations of 
intermediate results so to guide and 
describe the pragmatism.
(SAC-2013) 
7/20 
mmggaarr PP 
¨Why pragmatic and epistemic actions? 
1. reduced memory – space complexity; 
2. reduced number of steps – time 
complexity; 
3. reduced probability of error – reliability. 
The same holds for Visualization.
(SAC-2013) 
8/20 
mmggaarr PP 
¨In Information Visualization: 
¨Pragmatic: interaction operations that lead 
the analyst to new perspectives of the data 
concerning: 
¨which data to show; 
¨which visualization to use; 
¨which potential conclusions to draw. 
¨Epistemic: the recording of intermediate 
visual presentations in order to assist the 
analyst in a sequence of interactive steps
(SAC-2013) 
9/20 
mmggaarr PP 
¨In our system, the VisTree: 
¨Pragmatic: visual filtering in the form of 
pipelined visualization workspaces with 
annotation: 
¨which data to show; 
¨which visualization to use; 
¨which potential conclusions. 
¨Epistemic: recording of the workspaces in 
an evolving tree structure that can be 
navigated
(SAC-2013) 
10/20 
mmggaarr PP 
¨In our system, the VisTree: 
¨Pragmatic: visual filtering in the form of 
pipelined visualization workspaces with 
annotation 
¨which data to show; 
¨which visualization to use; 
¨which potential conclusions.
(SAC-2013) 
11/20 
mmggaarr PP 
¨In our system, the VisTree: 
¨Epistemic: recording of the workspaces in 
an evolving tree structure that can be 
navigated
(SAC-2013) 
12/20 
mmggaarr PP 
¨In our system, the VisTree: 
¨Epistemic: recording of the workspaces in 
an evolving tree structure that can be 
navigated
(SAC-2013) 
13/20 
mmggaarr PP 
¨In our system, the VisTree: 
¨Epistemic: recording of the workspaces in 
an evolving tree structure that can be 
navigated
(SAC-2013) 
14/20 
mmggaarr PP 
¨In our system, the VisTree: 
¨Epistemic: recording of the workspaces in 
an evolving tree structure that can be 
navigated
(SAC-2013) 
15/20 
mmggaarr PP 
¨In our system, the VisTree: 
¨Epistemic: recording of the workspaces in 
an evolving tree structure that can be 
navigated
(SAC-2013) 
16/20 
mmggaarr PP 
¨In our system, the VisTree 
Pragmatic + Epistemic actions 
Hierarchical Visual Filtering 
Multiple Linked visualizations with the 
following features: 
•Derivable (pipelined) 
•Simultaneous 
•Annotated 
•Structured 
•Joinable 
•Potentially without space limitations
(SAC-2013) 
17/20 
bbaavviirree DD 
¨ One visualization can give rise to many others
(SAC-2013) 
18/20 
mmii SS 
¨ Different analytical perspectives in the same scenario
(SAC-2013) 
19/20 
oonnnnAA 
¨ Every workspace can be annotated for epistemic 
purposes
(SAC-2013) 
20/20 
¨ In the paper: 
UU 
analytical demonstrations of clutter reduction 
+ 
user experimentation 
¨ Subjects: 22 Computational Physics undergraduate students 
¨ One task: identify the two extreme regions in the dataset and 
create further visualizations from each based on the a specific 
attribute 
¨ Two rounds 
– First: using Hierarchical Visual Filtering over VisTree 
multiple views 
– Second: using one single workspace and multiple windows 
¨ Wall-clock time 
¨ Results 
– 21 students completed the tasks 
– In average, 42% faster by using Hierarchical Visual 
Filtering (4:52 min average x 8:24 min average) 
– 5 students used paper annotations in round 2, the others 
used window alternation
(SAC-2013) 
21/20 
ccnnooCC 
¨Hierarchical Visual Filtering 
¨Visual exploration following the principle of: 
– Pragmatic: filter and pipeline 
– Epistemic: record, annotate, and recall persistent 
visualizations 
¨Gains in: 
– Memory: recall instead of remember 
– Space: reduced visual clutter 
– Usability: user tests showed improvements 
¨To do: 
– Use multiple tables simultaneously 
– More extensive HCI experimentation
(SAC-2013) 
22/20 
eehhTT ¨Thanks for coming
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Hierarchical visual filtering pragmatic and epistemic actions for database visualization

  • 1. The ACM Symposium On Applied Computing 2013 (ACM-SAC 2013) - Coimbra, Portugal, March 18 - 22, 2013 Hierarchical VViissuuaall FFiilltteerriinngg,, pprraaggmmaattiicc aanndd eeppiisstteemmiicc aaccttiioonnss ffoorr ddaattaabbaassee vviissuuaalliizzaattiioonn Jose F Rodrigues Jr, Carlos E Cirilo, Antonio F Prado, Luciana A M Zaina Computer Science and Mathematics Institute (ICMC) Computer Science Department Brazil http://www.icmc.usp.br/~junio/PublishedPapers/RodriguesJr_et_al-ACMSAC2013.pdf
  • 2. (SAC-2013) ¨Increasing volume of data that cannot be well employed to produce useful knowledge ¨The efficient analysis of multivariate data can provide assistance in decision making ¨Raw visualization techniques are limited in the task of data analysis, while datasets are unlimited both in size and complexity 2/20 There is a need for visualization mechanisms that reduce the drawback of massive datasets. MM
  • 3. (SAC-2013) ¨ Due to overlap of graphical items, some regions of the visualization seam like blots in the display ¨Massively populated datasets tend to result in a visualization scene with an unacceptable level of clutter 3/20 eehhTT Overlap of graphical items Visual clutter
  • 4. (SAC-2013) 4/20 eehhTT Multiple concurrent perspectives
  • 5. (SAC-2013) 5/20 eehhTT ¨How to reduce visual clutter problems at the same time that we put together multiple views of the same data?
  • 6. (SAC-2013) 6/20 mmggaarr PP ¨From cognitive science, Kirsh and Maglio identified two kinds of actions: ¨Pragmatic: actions performed to bring one closer to a goal; ¨Epistemic: actions performed to describe, and uncover, information that, otherwise, would be hard to process mentally. ¨Arithmetic example: ¨Pragmatic corresponds to steps in order to solve the problem; ¨Epistemic corresponds to annotations of intermediate results so to guide and describe the pragmatism.
  • 7. (SAC-2013) 7/20 mmggaarr PP ¨Why pragmatic and epistemic actions? 1. reduced memory – space complexity; 2. reduced number of steps – time complexity; 3. reduced probability of error – reliability. The same holds for Visualization.
  • 8. (SAC-2013) 8/20 mmggaarr PP ¨In Information Visualization: ¨Pragmatic: interaction operations that lead the analyst to new perspectives of the data concerning: ¨which data to show; ¨which visualization to use; ¨which potential conclusions to draw. ¨Epistemic: the recording of intermediate visual presentations in order to assist the analyst in a sequence of interactive steps
  • 9. (SAC-2013) 9/20 mmggaarr PP ¨In our system, the VisTree: ¨Pragmatic: visual filtering in the form of pipelined visualization workspaces with annotation: ¨which data to show; ¨which visualization to use; ¨which potential conclusions. ¨Epistemic: recording of the workspaces in an evolving tree structure that can be navigated
  • 10. (SAC-2013) 10/20 mmggaarr PP ¨In our system, the VisTree: ¨Pragmatic: visual filtering in the form of pipelined visualization workspaces with annotation ¨which data to show; ¨which visualization to use; ¨which potential conclusions.
  • 11. (SAC-2013) 11/20 mmggaarr PP ¨In our system, the VisTree: ¨Epistemic: recording of the workspaces in an evolving tree structure that can be navigated
  • 12. (SAC-2013) 12/20 mmggaarr PP ¨In our system, the VisTree: ¨Epistemic: recording of the workspaces in an evolving tree structure that can be navigated
  • 13. (SAC-2013) 13/20 mmggaarr PP ¨In our system, the VisTree: ¨Epistemic: recording of the workspaces in an evolving tree structure that can be navigated
  • 14. (SAC-2013) 14/20 mmggaarr PP ¨In our system, the VisTree: ¨Epistemic: recording of the workspaces in an evolving tree structure that can be navigated
  • 15. (SAC-2013) 15/20 mmggaarr PP ¨In our system, the VisTree: ¨Epistemic: recording of the workspaces in an evolving tree structure that can be navigated
  • 16. (SAC-2013) 16/20 mmggaarr PP ¨In our system, the VisTree Pragmatic + Epistemic actions Hierarchical Visual Filtering Multiple Linked visualizations with the following features: •Derivable (pipelined) •Simultaneous •Annotated •Structured •Joinable •Potentially without space limitations
  • 17. (SAC-2013) 17/20 bbaavviirree DD ¨ One visualization can give rise to many others
  • 18. (SAC-2013) 18/20 mmii SS ¨ Different analytical perspectives in the same scenario
  • 19. (SAC-2013) 19/20 oonnnnAA ¨ Every workspace can be annotated for epistemic purposes
  • 20. (SAC-2013) 20/20 ¨ In the paper: UU analytical demonstrations of clutter reduction + user experimentation ¨ Subjects: 22 Computational Physics undergraduate students ¨ One task: identify the two extreme regions in the dataset and create further visualizations from each based on the a specific attribute ¨ Two rounds – First: using Hierarchical Visual Filtering over VisTree multiple views – Second: using one single workspace and multiple windows ¨ Wall-clock time ¨ Results – 21 students completed the tasks – In average, 42% faster by using Hierarchical Visual Filtering (4:52 min average x 8:24 min average) – 5 students used paper annotations in round 2, the others used window alternation
  • 21. (SAC-2013) 21/20 ccnnooCC ¨Hierarchical Visual Filtering ¨Visual exploration following the principle of: – Pragmatic: filter and pipeline – Epistemic: record, annotate, and recall persistent visualizations ¨Gains in: – Memory: recall instead of remember – Space: reduced visual clutter – Usability: user tests showed improvements ¨To do: – Use multiple tables simultaneously – More extensive HCI experimentation
  • 22. (SAC-2013) 22/20 eehhTT ¨Thanks for coming

Editor's Notes

  • #7: epistemology: the theory of knowledge, esp the critical study of its validity, methods, and scope.
  • #8: epistemology: the theory of knowledge, esp the critical study of its validity, methods, and scope.
  • #9: epistemology: the theory of knowledge, esp the critical study of its validity, methods, and scope.
  • #10: epistemology: the theory of knowledge, esp the critical study of its validity, methods, and scope.
  • #11: epistemology: the theory of knowledge, esp the critical study of its validity, methods, and scope.
  • #12: epistemology: the theory of knowledge, esp the critical study of its validity, methods, and scope.
  • #13: epistemology: the theory of knowledge, esp the critical study of its validity, methods, and scope.
  • #14: epistemology: the theory of knowledge, esp the critical study of its validity, methods, and scope.
  • #15: epistemology: the theory of knowledge, esp the critical study of its validity, methods, and scope.
  • #16: epistemology: the theory of knowledge, esp the critical study of its validity, methods, and scope.
  • #17: epistemology: the theory of knowledge, esp the critical study of its validity, methods, and scope.
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