От sysV к systemd

Jul 1, 2016Download as pptx, pdf0 likes311 views

This document discusses the transition from SysV init to systemd as the init system in Linux. It provides an overview of SysV init and some of its limitations. It then introduces systemd as an alternative and describes some of its key features and commands, including systemctl for controlling services, journalctl for viewing logs, and utilities for analyzing boot performance. The document argues that systemd offers improvements in areas like parallelization of boot processes and service supervision.

Уютный SysVinit
● кто не писал /etc/init.d/....
скрипты?
● unix way
● cron
● системные логи

This is the Unix philosophy
1. Write programs that do one thing and
do it well.
2. Write programs to work together.
3. Write programs to handle text
streams, because that is a universal
interface.
Doug McIlroy

Сколько нужно команд, чтобы
узнать OS?
$ uname -a
$ cat /etc/issue
$ cat /etc/*release
$ cat /etc/*version
$ lsb_release -a

hostnamectl
$ hostnamectl
Static hostname: static.216.201.250.124.clients.de
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm
Machine ID: 426df1cf0ef241c8bac0ae65ebd450b2
Boot ID: 421a1f60665c4d2284cfb0e6ba190e17
Virtualization: kvm
Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7
Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.18.2.el7.x86_64
Architecture: x86-64

Сколько нужно команд, чтобы
вкрутить лампочку?
$ /etc/init.d/lightbulb
$ chkconfig lightbulb on
$ /etc/supervisord.d/lightbulb.conf
+ logging
+ cron

systemctl
$ /usr/lib/systemd/system/lightbulb.service
$ systemctl enable lightbulb

sshd
[Unit]
Description=OpenSSH server daemon
Documentation=man:sshd(8) man:sshd_config(5)
After=network.target sshd-keygen.service
Wants=sshd-keygen.service

sshd
[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/sshd
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd -D $OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=42s

sshd
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

date
$ date
Thu Jun 30 06:59:40 UTC 2016
$ timedatectl
Local time: Thu 2016-06-30 06:59:40 UTC
Universal time: Thu 2016-06-30 06:59:40 UTC
RTC time: Thu 2016-06-30 06:59:40
Time zone: UTC (UTC, +0000)
NTP enabled: yes
NTP synchronized: yes
RTC in local TZ: no
DST active: n/a

systemctl
● start
● stop
● reload
● restart
● try-restart
● reload-or-restart
● reload-or-try-restart
● kill
● is-active
● is-failed
● status
● show
● cat
● help
● enable
● disable
● reenable
● is-enabled
● mask
● unmask
● edit
● snapshot
● list-jobs
● cancel
● show-environment
● set-environment
● is-system-running
● list-dependencies
● rescue
● halt
● poweroff
● reboot

systemctl status
$ systemctl status sshd
● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service;
enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-06-09 14:50:43
UTC; 2 weeks 6 days ago
Docs: man:sshd(8)
man:sshd_config(5)
Main PID: 889 (sshd)
CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service
└─889 /usr/sbin/sshd -D

Binary logs
$ journalctl -ex -u sshd | tail
Jun 15 05:09:50 example.com sshd[28300]: Connection closed by 84.227.235.191 [preauth]
Jun 15 05:10:28 example.com sshd[28387]: Connection closed by 90.103.213.98 [preauth]
Jun 15 05:14:18 example.com sshd[28704]: Received disconnect from 115.31.116.38: 11:
[preauth]
Jun 15 05:14:52 example.com sshd[28762]: Connection closed by 90.103.213.98 [preauth]
Jun 15 05:17:58 example.com sshd[29055]: Received disconnect from 125.18.238.11: 11:
[preauth]
Jun 15 05:19:12 example.com sshd[29144]: Connection closed by 90.103.213.98 [preauth]
Jun 15 05:23:34 example.com sshd[29559]: Connection closed by 90.103.213.98 [preauth]
Jun 15 05:23:46 example.com sshd[29564]: Received disconnect from 115.19.218.29: 11:
[preauth]
Jun 15 05:26:36 example.com sshd[29827]: Received disconnect from 111.31.119.26: 11:
[preauth]
Jun 15 05:27:57 example.com sshd[29934]: Connection closed by 90.103.213.98 [preauth]

Analyze boot time
$ systemd-analyze
Startup finished in 569ms (kernel) + 770ms (initrd) +
9.244s (userspace) = 10.584s
$ systemd-analyze critical-chain
multi-user.target @9.239s
└─tuned.service @6.201s +263ms
└─network.target @6.200s
└─network.service @5.678s +520ms
└─NetworkManager.service @794ms +51ms
└─basic.target @793ms
...

и не только...
● параллелизация
● cлежение за запущеными сервисами (systemd-cgls, systemd-
cgtop)
● взаимодействие с udev
● D-Bus API
● systemd-escape & systemd-path
● Запуск произвольной программы под systemd (systemd-run)
● Настройка локалей (localectl)
● ....

Спасибо за внимание
Ковалев Денис
skype: aikikode
email: aikikode@gmail.com

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От sysV к systemd

1. От sysV к systemd Ковалев Денис

2. Уютный SysVinit ● кто не писал /etc/init.d/.... скрипты? ● unix way ● cron ● системные логи

3. Стоит ли переходить?

4. This is the Unix philosophy 1. Write programs that do one thing and do it well. 2. Write programs to work together. 3. Write programs to handle text streams, because that is a universal interface. Doug McIlroy

5. Сколько нужно команд, чтобы узнать OS? $ uname -a $ cat /etc/issue $ cat /etc/*release $ cat /etc/*version $ lsb_release -a

6. hostnamectl $ hostnamectl Static hostname: static.216.201.250.124.clients.de Icon name: computer-vm Chassis: vm Machine ID: 426df1cf0ef241c8bac0ae65ebd450b2 Boot ID: 421a1f60665c4d2284cfb0e6ba190e17 Virtualization: kvm Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7 Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-327.18.2.el7.x86_64 Architecture: x86-64

7. Сколько нужно команд, чтобы вкрутить лампочку? $ /etc/init.d/lightbulb $ chkconfig lightbulb on $ /etc/supervisord.d/lightbulb.conf + logging + cron

8. systemctl $ /usr/lib/systemd/system/lightbulb.service $ systemctl enable lightbulb

9. sshd [Unit] Description=OpenSSH server daemon Documentation=man:sshd(8) man:sshd_config(5) After=network.target sshd-keygen.service Wants=sshd-keygen.service

10. sshd [Service] EnvironmentFile=/etc/sysconfig/sshd ExecStart=/usr/sbin/sshd -D $OPTIONS ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID KillMode=process Restart=on-failure RestartSec=42s

11. sshd [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target

12. date $ date Thu Jun 30 06:59:40 UTC 2016 $ timedatectl Local time: Thu 2016-06-30 06:59:40 UTC Universal time: Thu 2016-06-30 06:59:40 UTC RTC time: Thu 2016-06-30 06:59:40 Time zone: UTC (UTC, +0000) NTP enabled: yes NTP synchronized: yes RTC in local TZ: no DST active: n/a

13. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

14. systemctl ● start ● stop ● reload ● restart ● try-restart ● reload-or-restart ● reload-or-try-restart ● kill ● is-active ● is-failed ● status ● show ● cat ● help ● enable ● disable ● reenable ● is-enabled ● mask ● unmask ● edit ● snapshot ● list-jobs ● cancel ● show-environment ● set-environment ● is-system-running ● list-dependencies ● rescue ● halt ● poweroff ● reboot

16. systemctl status $ systemctl status sshd ● sshd.service - OpenSSH server daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/sshd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-06-09 14:50:43 UTC; 2 weeks 6 days ago Docs: man:sshd(8) man:sshd_config(5) Main PID: 889 (sshd) CGroup: /system.slice/sshd.service └─889 /usr/sbin/sshd -D

17. Binary logs $ journalctl -ex -u sshd | tail Jun 15 05:09:50 example.com sshd[28300]: Connection closed by 84.227.235.191 [preauth] Jun 15 05:10:28 example.com sshd[28387]: Connection closed by 90.103.213.98 [preauth] Jun 15 05:14:18 example.com sshd[28704]: Received disconnect from 115.31.116.38: 11: [preauth] Jun 15 05:14:52 example.com sshd[28762]: Connection closed by 90.103.213.98 [preauth] Jun 15 05:17:58 example.com sshd[29055]: Received disconnect from 125.18.238.11: 11: [preauth] Jun 15 05:19:12 example.com sshd[29144]: Connection closed by 90.103.213.98 [preauth] Jun 15 05:23:34 example.com sshd[29559]: Connection closed by 90.103.213.98 [preauth] Jun 15 05:23:46 example.com sshd[29564]: Received disconnect from 115.19.218.29: 11: [preauth] Jun 15 05:26:36 example.com sshd[29827]: Received disconnect from 111.31.119.26: 11: [preauth] Jun 15 05:27:57 example.com sshd[29934]: Connection closed by 90.103.213.98 [preauth]

18. Analyze boot time $ systemd-analyze Startup finished in 569ms (kernel) + 770ms (initrd) + 9.244s (userspace) = 10.584s $ systemd-analyze critical-chain multi-user.target @9.239s └─tuned.service @6.201s +263ms └─network.target @6.200s └─network.service @5.678s +520ms └─NetworkManager.service @794ms +51ms └─basic.target @793ms ...

19. и не только... ● параллелизация ● cлежение за запущеными сервисами (systemd-cgls, systemd- cgtop) ● взаимодействие с udev ● D-Bus API ● systemd-escape & systemd-path ● Запуск произвольной программы под systemd (systemd-run) ● Настройка локалей (localectl) ● ....

20. Спасибо за внимание Ковалев Денис skype: aikikode email: aikikode@gmail.com

От sysV к systemd

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