LoadAwareDistributor: An Algorithmic Approach for Cloud Resource Allocation

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 12 | Dec 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 930
LoadAwareDistributor: An Algorithmic Approach for Cloud Resource
Allocation
Ameya Chavan 1, Keyur Gandhi2 , Hetal Chauhan3, Ajinkya Kamthe4, Dr.Chitrakant Banchhor 5
1Department of Computer Engineering
Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Kondhwa, Pune, 411048, Maharashtra, India .
Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Kondhwa, Pune, 411048, Maharashtra, India.
5Department of Computer Science Engineering (AI)
Key Words:
Algorithm, VM(Virtual Machine), Cloudlet, Cloudsim, load-
balancing
I. INTRODUCTION
In the ever-evolving realm of cloud computing, the
necessity for scalable and efficient solutions is crucial, with
load balancing acting as a pivotal factor. Navigating the
intricate landscape of diverse workloads in data centers,
the challenge lies in optimizing resource usage and
ensuring system responsiveness. This research delves into
the nuances of load-balancing algorithms, not merely to
dissect their complexities but to pave the way for
innovation. The unveiling of the LoadAwareDistributor
algorithm marks a significant leap forward, directing the
discourse toward solution-driven strategies. By
prioritizing virtual machines based on lower CPU
utilization, this algorithm becomes a beacon for enhancing
the efficiency of load distribution. In the evolving
panorama of cloud environments, the incorporation of
machine learning and nature-inspired algorithms becomes
imperative. The proposed algorithm, with its emphasis on
addressing load-balancing complexities, presents a
promising avenue for future advancements. This research
lays a robust foundation for a comprehensive exploration,
underscoring the pivotal role of innovative load-balancing
techniques in achieving seamless resource allocation and
ensuring the scalability of systems within cloud computing
infrastructures.
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Abstract - This research delves into the
complexities of load balancing algorithms within cloud
computing, offering a thorough examination and proposing
the LoadAwareDistributor algorithm as an innovative
solution.. The hybrid LoadAwareDistributor prioritizes
virtual machines with lower CPU utilization, introducing
efficiency improvements quantified through metrics such as
VM utilization, cloudlet completion time, and scalability.
Comparative analysis reveals approximately 2.68%
enhancement over conventional round-robin methods. The
study advocates for future advancements, emphasizing
adaptability, autonomous balancing, and hybrid
methodologies. It concludes by emphasizing the critical
considerations in multi-cloud settings, including data
governance, cost-effectiveness, and mitigating vendor lock-in
risks. The unique insights provided contribute significantly
to the evolving landscape of load balancing in cloud
computing, paving the way for further innovations and
addressing the dynamic challenges associated with
optimizing resource allocations and ensuring scalability
across diverse cloud environments.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
[1] Muhammad Asim Shahid et al. present an
extensive review of existing algorithms and introduce
novel techniques. The paper offers insights into fault
tolerance, dynamic load balancing, and hybrid
optimization approaches. It significantly contributes by
addressing gaps in current literature, emphasizing the
growing importance of load balancing in cloud
environments. The research offers valuable perspectives
on optimizing system performance and resource
allocation, aligning with and enhancing the broader field of
load-balancing strategies in cloud computing.
[2] Bayan et al. discuss the importance of load
balancing in cloud computing and propose a priority-
based load balancing algorithm to improve the
performance of cloud computing applications. The

[3] Kalpana et al. delve into optimizing cloud
computing through load balancing, introducing the
Enhanced Genetic Algorithm. Unlike existing methods, it
minimizes execution time without additional hardware or
complex steps. Results show superiority over the
Improved Genetic Algorithm in response time, finish
time, energy consumption, cost, and migrations. The
algorithm’s simplicity and efficiency, avoiding extra
resources, distinguish it. Future work involves hybrid
approaches and meta-heuristic algorithms. Compared to
similar studies, this research emphasizes resource
efficiency and fault minimization in dynamic cloud
networks, offering a promising step toward enhanced load
balancing and overall system optimization.
[4] K. Samunnisa et al. delve into the crucial domain
of load balancing in cloud computing, emphasizing its
significance in optimizing application performance and
reliability. The literature review surveys various load
balancing algorithms, such as Weighted Round Robin and
Software-Defined Networking Adaptive. It categorizes
these algorithms based on system load and system
topology, detailing centralized, distributed, static, dynamic,
and adaptive approaches. The study recognizes challenges
in cloud load balancing, including scalability and efficient
resource use. While providing an extensive overview, the
literature lacks a unified analysis of multiple load-
balancing techniques. The paper aims to bridge this gap by
presenting a consolidated analysis of various algorithms,
contributing to a better understanding of load-balancing
complexities in cloud computing and offering insights for
future research directions. The methodology involves
comparing algorithms and classifying them based on
system load and topology, ensuring a comprehensive
examination of the existing landscape.
[6] Foram F Kherani et al. investigate the crucial topic
of load balancing in cloud computing, acknowledging the
escalating challenge for cloud providers as user numbers
increase. The literature review contextualizes the study by
highlighting the significance of load balancing in enhancing
cloud system performance and maintaining efficiency.
Prior research, as exemplified by works such as,
emphasizes load-balancing goals including performance
improvement, system stability, flexibility enhancement,
and fault tolerance. The classification of load balancing
algorithms into static and dynamic types is explored, with
the review showcasing diverse techniques such as Round
Robin, Central Manager, Threshold, and randomized
algorithms. Notable contributions from this introduce
specific algorithms like Round Robin, Equally Spread
Current Execution Load, and Throttled Load Balancing.
Existing studies reveal the need for dynamic workload
distribution and energy-efficient practices, aligning with
the broader trends toward green computing. However, the
literature review indicates gaps related to a
comprehensive comparison of existing load-balancing
algorithms in cloud computing.
proposed algorithm aims to enhance load balancing by
prioritizing tasks based on their deadline and assigning
them to virtual machines accordingly. The algorithm is
implemented in several stages, including reading user
request data, assigning priority values to tasks, and
scheduling tasks based on their priorities and resource
utilization. The document also provides a comparative
study of existing load balancing algorithms, such as round
robin, equally spread current execution, active monitoring,
and throttled load balancing. The proposed algorithm is
expected to improve load-balancing performance and
resource utilization in cloud computing applications.
[5] Shahid et al. reveal a growing emphasis on
optimizing overall response time, Data Center Processing
Time (DCPT), and cost parameters. Noteworthy gaps
include a need for innovative service broker policies
integrating machine learning and artificial intelligence.
The paper by [5] Shahid et al. significantly contributes by
systematically evaluating PSO, RR, ESCE, and throttled
algorithms across various service broker policies. Utilizing
Cloud Analyst and proposing future integration with
advanced technologies, the study stands out for its
potential impact on evolving cloud computing strategies
and addressing the growing complexities in large-scale
applications.
performance and reduc
ance improvement and system
stability. Three load balan
ing job rejections. The paper
compares static and dynamic load balancing, highlighting
goals such as perform
cing algorithms, including Round
Robin, are discussed. The findings stress the importance of
load balancing for achieving green computing and cite
various algorithms in the literature. Overall, the paper
contributes insights into load-balancing strategies, offering
implications for cloud optimization.
[7] Jing He et al. explore load balancing in cloud
computing, emphasizing the challenge of resource
availability and deadlock prevention. It discusses the
significance of load balancing in enhancing system
III. COMMON LOAD BALANCING APPROACHES
A. First Come First Serve Algorithm:
When it comes to load balancing, the first come first serve
(FCFS) algorithm is a straightforward scheduling
technique. Because FCFS is not a preemptive scheduling
method, a process runs continuously until it’s completed
after it’s been assigned to the resource. For this to work,
incoming tasks need to be queued up, and the first job is
assigned to the available resource. This straightforward
approach ensures that jobs are done one after the next, in
the sequence in which they’re received. However, FCFS
may not always optimize load distribution, especially in
dynamic situations where tasks run at different times.

B. Shortest Job First Algorithm
The algorithm ranks jobs according to how long they
should take to complete. In this scenario, SJF chooses the
task with the least estimated processing time for instant
execution to reduce the average waiting time for tasks.
Reliability in task execution time estimation is critical to
SJF’s efficacy. If longer tasks are overstated, inaccurate task
duration estimates may hurt the effectiveness of task
distribution and prolong wait times for shorter activities.
There are various drawbacks when using the Shortest Job
First (SJF) algorithm for load
D.Round Robin Algorithm
The round-robin method delivers tasks to resources in a
circular order, assuming uniform capabilities among
resources and disregarding current load or availability.
Each CPU processes a job in turn, with all processors
sharing an equal burden. When the number of processors
is much fewer than the number of processes, this strategy
eliminates the requirement for inter-process
communication. While it avoids the issue of priority, the
defined time slots may result in certain processors being
fully utilized while others are underutilized. Although an
Adaptive Load Balancing technique solves workload
changes, it may increase waiting time.
IV. SOME ADVANCED LOAD-BALANCING
APPROACHES
A. Classification ML of tasks and VMs
In cloud computing, the classification of tasks and virtual
machines (VMs) through machine learning is pivotal for
enhancing system efficiency. Algorithms like k-means,
hierarchical clustering, regression, and neural networks
categorize tasks based on workload, enabling adaptive
resource allocation across VMs.
This dynamic approach, informed by historical and real-
time data, optimizes load balancing and improves overall
system performance. Machine learning’s role in
addressing load unbalancing challenges is crucial,
mitigating risks of VM overload or underutilization.
Reinforcement learning and ensemble methods contribute
to optimal load-balancing policies and task classification
accuracy. The future holds promise for hybrid models,
integration with emerging technologies like edge
computing, and addressing scalability and real-time
decision-making challenges, solidifying machine learning’s
central role in ongoing cloud computing system
optimization.
B. Dynamic Load Balancing Algorithm
Dynamic load balancing plays a pivotal role in optimizing
system efficiency through resource allocation.Ensuring
that resources are used as efficiently as possible
throughout the system and preventing certain nodes or
servers from overloading, improves system performance
as a whole. Furthermore, load balancing mechanisms
Usually, more complex algorithms with better load
balancing capabilities are used, such as round robin,
weighted round robin, or shortest job first.
C. Priority-Based Algorithm
A priority-based algorithm in load balancing is a method
that organizes tasks or processes based on assigned
priorities to ensure efficient resource utilization and
timely execution. This approach involves categorizing
tasks according to their relative importance or criticality,
allowing higher-priority tasks to be executed ahead of
others. Priorities are typically assigned based on specific
attributes, such as task urgency, importance, or deadline
constraints. The basic principle of this algorithm lies in its
ability to optimize the execution of tasks by prioritizing
important tasks. By assigning priorities, the algorithm
ensures that important and time-critical tasks
arecompleted quickly, reducing overall latency and
improving system responsiveness. Although this approach
is effective when addressing critical task requirements, it
can face challenges in scenarios where there is a list of
many high- priority tasks, delaying the completion of
lower-priority tasks. As a result, certain tasks or processes
may run out of resources. Therefore, though
priority-based algorithms improve the responsiveness
and importance of critical tasks, a balance between task
prioritization and fair resource allocation to ensure
optimal load distribution is needed.
ensure system stability despite possible failures or
disruptions by distributing work among multiple nodes,
thereby contributing to fault tolerance and resilience.
Although dynamic load balancing has many advantages, it
also has drawbacks. As workloads are distributed, it can be
difficult to maintain consistency and coherence throughout
the system, which raises concerns about synchronization
between nodes. Developing algorithms that can effectively
adjust to changing conditions is complex and makes it
challenging to manage and modify load distribution in
response to changing system requirements.One of the
greatest advantages of dynamic load balancing is that if
one node fails, it does not cause the failure of the system,
but it has a ripple effect in that it influences the way the
system performs.
C. Virtual Machine APC
The Virtual Machine Adaptive Predictive Control (APC)
algorithm presents an advanced approach to load
balancing in cloud computing. This algorithm, driven by
adaptability and prediction, dynamically adjusts resource
allocations based on real-time and predictive analyses of
Virtual Machine (VM) performance metrics like CPU
utilization and memory usage. Its proactive identification
of potential imbalances ensures optimal resource
distribution, effectively preventing bottlenecks and
underutilization.

Priority-Based Supervised Classification in load balancing
is a powerful approach that brings intelligence and
adaptability to resource allocation decisions. When
implemented effectively, it can contribute significantly to
the efficient operation of systems, particularly in dynamic
and demanding environments.
E. Using Queues Prioritize Task Scheduling
Using Queues to Prioritize Task Scheduling in load
balancing involves organizing tasks into queues and
implementing a scheduling mechanism that considers the
priority of tasks in these queues. This approach ensures
that tasks with higher significance or urgency are
processed before others, contributing to efficient load
balancing.
Prioritizing tasks through queues allows for optimized
resource allocation. High-priority tasks are processed
promptly, ensuring that critical operations receive the
necessary resources and reducing resource contention.
High-priority tasks are scheduled and processed quickly,
leading to improved system responsiveness. This is
particularly important in applications where timely
processing is crucial for meeting user expectations.
Future developments may involve the creation of more
sophisticated and adaptive scheduling algorithms. Machine
learning techniques, including reinforcement learning and
predictive analytics, could be applied to enhance the
intelligence of task scheduling based on historical data and
real-time conditions.As edge computing continues to gain
prominence, the use of queues for task scheduling
becomes crucial in decentralized and distributed
environments. Prioritizing tasks becomes even more vital
in edge scenarios where resources are constrained, and
timely processing is essential.
F.Honey Bee-Based Load Balancing
The Honey Bee Algorithm (HBA) is inspired by honeybees’
cooperative foraging habits to dynamically identify and
share food sources to improve decision-making. When
applied to cloud computing, it mimics adaptive and
economical harvesting processes and improves resource
allocation. Foraging bees actively exchange information.
This is similar to maximizing the use of virtual machines in
a cloud environment to minimize latency when server
demand is dynamic. Honey bee behavior can be mapped as
below:
Despite challenges in accurately predicting workloads
during sudden spikes, the Virtual Machine APC algorithm
excels in maintaining consistent Quality of Service (QoS)
for end-users, showcasing its effectiveness in handling
the dynamic nature of cloud workloads. Positioned as a
promising solution in load balancing strategies, it aligns
with the overarching goals of equitable resource
distribution, minimized latency, and optimized virtualized
infrastructure utilization, contributing to efficient and
responsive cloud computing environments.
D. Priority-Based Supervised Classification ML
Priority-Based Supervised Classification is an approach in
machine learning where the classification model assigns
priorities to different classes or labels. The objective is to
not only predict the class of an input but also to prioritize
the importance of each predicted class. This can be
particularly useful in scenarios where certain classes have
higher significance or impact than others. Priority-Based
Supervised Classification in the context of load balancing
involves using machine learning models to intelligently
distribute incoming tasks or requests among available
resources based on their priority levels. This approach
optimizes resource utilization by considering the
importance or significance of different tasks, aiming to
achieve efficient load balancing in a system.
Priority-based supervised Classification allows load
balancers to allocate resources more effectively by
considering the priority levels of incoming tasks. This
ensures that critical or high-priority tasks receive
preferential treatment, optimizing resource utilization.
The prioritization of tasks contributes to improved overall
system efficiency. By focusing on high-priority tasks, the
load-balancing system can streamline resource allocation,
reducing processing delays and enhancing the system’s
responsiveness.
TABLE I
DESCRIPTION OF HONEY-BEE HIVE TASKS IN CLOUD
ENVIRONMENT
Honey-Bee Hive Cloud Environment
Honey-Bee Hive Represents a task in the cloud
Food Source Virtual Machine
Searching (Foraging)
for Food Source
The task is loaded to the VM
Honey-Bee getting
crowded near the
food source
Overloading state of VM
A New Food Source
is Found
The task is removed from an overloaded
VM and scheduled to another,
underloaded VM
In 2018, [8] Ehsanimoghadam and Effatparvar improved
the Honey Bee (HB) algorithm by introducing a job priority
parameter to minimize the search time for work
assignments. This change includes calculating virtual
machine utilization and classifying public clouds into
overloaded, balanced, and overloaded sectors. Virtual
machine priority values are set based on cost and

D. Response Time
It is the measure of time that is taken by a specific load-
adjusting calculation to react to an assignment in a
framework. This parameter ought to be limited for better
execution of a framework.
E. Scalability
A calculation can perform Load adjusting for any limited
number of hubs of a framework. This metric ought to be
enhanced for a decent framework.
F. CPU Usage
It is the percentage of CPU processing power that is
actively used. Effective load balancing aims to distribute
CPU load evenly across available resources.
G. Memory Usage
V. METRICS OF LOAD BALANCING
A. Throughput
It is used to determine the number of assignments that
have been completed, with higher throughput leading to
better performance.
B. Fault Tolerance
A system can recover from failures or errors. It is crucial
for the load balancing mechanism to demonstrate strong
fault-tolerant capabilities.
C. Migration Time
Refers to the duration required for the relocation of tasks
or resources between distinct nodes within a network.
H. Algorithm Overhead
It measures the additional computing resources consumed
by the load-balancing algorithm itself. This should be
minimal, ensuring efficient utilization of resources and
optimal system performance.
VI. BASE ALGORITHMS USED
A.Load-Aware load-balancing
performance, but challenges remain in addressing similar
priorities. Furthermore, [9] Kiritbhai and Shah
addressed the prioritization dilemma by combining
round-robin (RR) techniques with a hybrid strategy,
thereby improving the quality of service, energy
optimization, task scheduling, and Significantly
improved load balancing. Further improvements to the
Honey Bee algorithm include the integration of parallel
versions, local search techniques, parameter tuning for
convergence, and hybridization with other algorithms to
increase flexibility and efficiency in various optimization
scenarios.
It is the percentage of available memory used by the
system. It is used to evaluate how well the algorithm
manages memory-intensive tasks, prevents memory
bottlenecks, and ensures optimal resource utilization.
Load-Aware Load Balancing is a dynamic and sophisticated
approach used in distributed computing environments to
optimize resource utilization and maintain system
efficiency. Because load balancing considers more than
simply CPU, memory, network traffic, and application-
specific parameters, it differs from traditional load
balancing. Rather, it assesses the overall health of the
system and distributes workloads or tasks automatically
according to available resources. Enhancing system
performance, preventing bottlenecks, and guaranteeing
optimal resource utilization are the objectives of this
sophisticated method. Load-Aware Real-time indicators
are continuously monitored and analyzed via load
balancing. By dynamically assigning tasks to resources that
are less busy or more appropriate for the work at hand, it
adapts to changing circumstances.
This flexibility allows the system to adjust to changes in
demand, scale as needed, and maintain efficient
performance even in peak loads. The emphasis remains on
using insights into the state of resources to optimize
performance and improve the overall resiliency and
scalability of distributed systems.
B.Round Robin Algorithm
Refer III.D above
C.Least Loaded VM
Least Loaded VM Load Balancing is a technique used in
cloud computing to distribute tasks or workloads across
virtual machines (VMs) in a way that ensures each VM has
a similar and minimal load compared to others. The main
objective is to balance workloads among all virtual
machines (VMs) in the cloud to prevent any one VM from
using resources excessively or insufficiently. This method
entails keeping an eye on and evaluating the workload and
resource usage of every virtual machine. To keep the
overall balance of the system, tasks or jobs are given to the
virtual machine (VM) with the least workload. This
strategy helps prevent performance bottlenecks or
overcrowded virtual machines (VMs) in cloud
architectures, minimizes response times, and optimizes
resource consumption by continuously evaluating each
VM’s workload and dynamic job assignment based on the
machine’s capacity.
VII. PROPOSED LOAD BALANCING ALGORITHM
We have proposed a hybrid load balancing algorithm
whose objective is to distribute the load more evenly and
prioritize VMs with lower CPU utilization. It is as follows.

A.Resource Characteristics Processing
1)The algorithm begins by processing the resource
characteristics of data centers. When characteristics from
all data centers are received, it triggers the VM distribution
process.
B.VM Distribution using Round Robin
1)The algorithm utilizes a round-robin approach to
distribute VMs among available data centers.
2)For each VM, it selects a data center in a round-robin
manner from the list of available data centers.
3)The algorithm attempts to create the VM in the chosen
data center by sending a VM_CREATE_ACK event.
C.Cloudlet Submission and Load Balancing
1)The algorithm overrides the submitCloudletList method
inherited from the DatacenterBroker class.
2)For each cloudlet in the submitted list:
a. It identifies the least loaded virtual machine by
calling a method named getLeastLoadedVm.
b. It binds the current cloudlet to the least loaded
virtual machine.
D. Finding the Least Loaded VM
1)The algorithm includes a method named
getLeastLoadedVm responsible for finding the least loaded
virtual machine.
2)It iterates through the list of virtual machines and
initializes the least loaded VM as the first VM in the list.
3)For each VM:
a. It calculates the expected completion time for
the current VM using a method named
getExpectedCompletionTime.
b. It compares the expected completion time of the
current VM with the minimum expected time found so far.
c. If the current VM has a lower expected
completion time, it updates the least loaded VM.
4) The method returns the VM with the minimum expected
completion time.
E.Expected Completion Time Calculation
1)The algorithm assumes the existence of a method named
getExpectedCompletionTime to calculate the expected
completion time for a given virtual machine.
2)The algorithm calculates the expected completion time
for a given virtual machine (VM) by summing the lengths
of all associated cloudlets and dividing it by the VM's MIPS
(Million Instructions Per Second) capacity.
VIII. SIMULATION TOOL AND EXPERIMENTAL
RESULTS
For our experimentation, we employed the CloudSim
framework, a robust and widely-used simulation tool
designed specifically for modeling and simulating cloud
computing environments. CloudSim provides a flexible and
extensible platform that allows researchers to simulate
diverse cloud scenarios, making it an ideal choice for our
study.
IX. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In our investigation, we evaluated the proposed load
balancing algorithm, within the CloudSim simulation
environment. The key metrics assessed include:
1) VM Utilization : We measured the CPU utilization of
VMs to gauge how effectively the load balancing algorithm
distributes computational load across the available virtual
machines.
2) Cloudlet Completion Time : The time taken for each
cloudlet to complete its execution was recorded. This metric
reflects the efficiency of task execution and overall system
performance.
3) Scalability : To assess its scalability, the algorithm’s
performance was evaluated under varying workloads and
system sizes. This involved increasing the number of
cloudlets and VMs to observe how well the algorithm adapts
to changing conditions.
4) Comparison with Baseline : We compared the
results of our algorithm with a baseline approach, such as
traditional round-robin load balancing, to highlight the
improvements achieved.
The experimental setup involved creating a realistic cloud
environment with multiple data centers, virtual machines,
and cloudlets. Through rigorous experimentation and
analysis of the aforementioned metrics, we aimed to
provide insights into the effectiveness and efficiency of the
proposed algorithm in load balancing.

TABLE II
VM SPECIFICATIONS
TABLE III
TASK SPECIFICATIONS
Task ID Length File Size Output File No. of CPU
0 10000 300 300 1
1
1
1
1
.
1
1 10020 300 300
2 10040 300 300
3 10060 300 300
4 10080 300 300
. . . .
29999 10980 300 300
TABLE IV
ALGORITHM PERFORMANCE
COMPARISON
VM
ID
VM
MIPS
VM
Image Size
Memory
(GB)
No. of CPU VMM
0 1000 1000 1024 1 Xen
1 1050 1000 2048 1 Xen
2 1100 1000 3072 1 Xen
3
1150
1000 4096 1 Xen
4
1200
1000 5120 1 Xen
. . . . . .
.
14 1700 1000 15360 1 Xen
Algorithm Total CPU Time (s) Average CPU Time (s)
First Come First Serve 7073276.25668 235.77588
Priority Based 7073304.15577 235.77681
Shortest Job First 7073432.98846 235.78110
Round Robin 7073432.98846 235.78110
Proposed Algorithm 6888657.00668 229.62190
Fig. 1. Average CPU Time Comparison for different no. of
cloudlets with different Algorithms.
Fig. 2. Average CPU Time Comparison for a single
cloudlet(i.e 50000) with different Algorithms.
We found out that the proposed algorithm is 2.63% more
efficient than the round-robin algorithm.
XI. FUTURE WORK
administering several public clouds successfully demands
a wide range of skills within the ecosystem of each
provider. This means handling procedures, monitoring
output, and maintaining security guidelines in diverse
The future improvements for the proposed algorithm and
its load balancing in cloud computing entail the fusion of
machine learning for adaptability, delving into
autonomous and self-learning balancing mechanisms, and
pioneering hybrid approaches. When implementing load
balancing in multiple or hybrid cloud settings, there are a
few crucial factors to consider. Even though the data is less
sensitive, it is still crucial to strictly adhere to data
governance and regulatory requirements. This entails
thinking about data residency, privacy regulations, and
meeting regulatory requirements. Moreover, it is essential
to consider the costs associated with data transfer
between clouds to guarantee cost-effectiveness. Moreover,
there is a chance of vendor lock-in hazards even with less
sensitive data. Heavily relying on one or more cloud
services could limit future migration flexibility. Finally,

XI. CONCLUSION
This paper focuses on the popular load-balancing
algorithms in today’s cloud environment, analyzing and
proposing an improved algorithm (LoadAwareDistributor)
based on an algorithm already in place to improve load
balancing over Round Robin, and has accomplished the
following goals. It provides an extensive review and guide
for load balancing in cloud computing, to address gaps in
understanding the complexities associated with load
balancing. It delves into the factors contributing to load
unbalancing, offering an overview of various approaches,
classifying techniques, and examining the challenges
encountered by researchers. Moreover, it underscores the
significance of machine learning, dynamic load balancing,
and nature-inspired algorithms in tackling load-balancing
complexities. It highlights the importance of efficient
resource utilization, system stability, and responsiveness
in cloud environments.
The proposed algorithm aims to improve load balancing in
cloud computing by evenly distributing the workload and
prioritizing virtual machines with lower CPU utilization.
Comparative analysis reveals approximately 2.68%
enhancement over conventional round-robin methods.
Using a hybrid approach involving resource analysis,
round-robin virtual machine allocation, and cloudlet
submission for load balancing, the algorithm is evaluated
based on metrics like VM utilization, cloudlet completion
time, and scalability. Comparative analysis with a baseline
approach highlights improvements. It shows potential for
enhancing load balancing performance and resource
utilization in cloud applications. Further research is
needed to fully assess its effectiveness.
cloud settings. More explorations include enhancing
energy efficiency, integrating with edge and fog computing,
and connecting with emerging technologies such as
quantum computing and blockchain. Dynamic workload
migration, real-time analytics, and security-aware
strategies are focal points for improving system
performance and security. Standardizing metrics,
integrating cloud-native technologies, and addressing
cross-domain scenarios are critical elements for
continuous innovation, optimizing resource allocations,
and ensuring scalability across diverse cloud
environments.
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