IRJET-Electrical Power Robbery Detection and Transformer Fault Detection

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 01 | Jan-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 787
ELECTRICAL POWER ROBBERY DETECTION AND TRANSFORMER
FAULT DETECTION
N.Saravanan1, N.J.Krishnakumar2, Sivanand.K.H3.
1Associate Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ACS College of Engineering, Bangalore, India.
2Professor, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SEA College of Engineering, Bangalore, India.
3Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ACS College of Engineering, Bangalore, India.
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Abstract - Electrical power robbery detection system is
utilized to identify an unapproved tapping on conveyance
lines. Existing system is not ready to recognize the correct
area of tapping. This system really discovers on which
electrical line there is a tapping. This is a constant system.
Remote information transmission and accepting strategy is
utilized. This will give an extra office of remote meter
perusing with a similar method and in same cost. This will
shield conveyance arrange from control robbery done by
tapping, meter altering and so forth. Dispersion
transformers are a standout amongst the most vital
hardware in control arrange. In light of, the huge number of
transformers appropriated over a wide region in control
electric systems, the information securing and condition
observing is an essential issue. This task demonstrates the
plan and execution of a portable implanted system and a
novel programming to screen and analyse state of
transformers, by record key operation indicators of a
conveyance transformer like load streams, transformer oil,
encompassing temperatures and voltage of three stages.
The proposed on-line checking system incorporates a Global
Service Mobile (GSM) Modem, with remain solitary single
chip microcontroller and sensor bundles. Information of
operation state of transformer gets in type of SMS (Short
Message Service).
Key Words: Fault detection, Transformer
management, Wireless data transmission, GSM, Power
theft.
1. INTRODUCTION
In practically every place where individuals live and work
you will notice no less than one transformer. In any case,
as much long as it keeps work and giving energy to the
elevator of the retail chain, the motel lift, the work
environment PC, the broiler alongside the neighborhood
bread shop, the storage facility gear and the petrochemical
plant no one offers that a misgiving. However,
transformers are one of the most important units among
each production process. Without them the interior
activities of almost every commercial enterprise and
manufacturing facility would come to a standstill with
serious financial consequences. Distribution Transformers
have a long service life if they are operated underrated
conditions. The operation of these transformers under
conditions such as like overloading then voltage unbalance
for a long period intention reduce their life significantly.
To be aware of occurring these conditions, the operation
of these transformers should be controlled continuously.
Most power organizations utilize Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition (SCADA) System for online Control of
energy transformers, however expanding the SCADA
System in view of internet observing about conveyance
transformers is an expensive suggestion. Communication
network and GSM devices such as GSM modems have a
large attraction in wide area network applications. To
conquer the transferring and collecting problem of this
large amount of data about transformer’s condition, these
devices would be so useful to transfer and acquire the
large amount of data about the transformer’s condition. So
with development of infrastructure of wireless
communication, offer new and cost effective possibilities
to monitor distribution transformers. We propose
structure of a cost effective method for monitoring for
distribution transformers with help of communication
network and Distribution Transformer Monitoring and
Analysis Software (DTMAS) compatible with this system.
Assume in that place is tapping done by somebody
unapproved individual on hold to interface his machine.
Over a specific period there will be distinction between
meter perusing and post based absolutely perusing.
Microcontroller will inspect these two esteems or if the
deliberate cost over shaft is more than values send by
meter by some resistance after power exchange is
happening over line. This burglary flag created over shaft
arrangement may likewise stay transmitted to substation
by the utilization of electrical cable correspondence
method, Tolerance be provided on the grounds that
misfortunes over line. Since over a long span there will
remain contrast between perusing meter on allot
perspective and post side due as per loss of level of shaft
at that point stack. Therefore, tolerance should be
provided through programming of micro-controller. Due
to introduction of modern electronic metering
equipment’s, power thieves are utilizing more
technological methods. Recent instances over power theft
determined by British inspectors included customers
tunneling out to roadside mains cables or splicing into the
supply, a storage reception its night-time power supply
from the nearest lamp post and domestic customers
drilling holes into meter boxes and attempting to stop the
counter wheels from turning. Another approach about

Power theft is with the aid of maintaining a strong magnet
in front of the disc into the energy meter or therefore
arresting the rotation of the disc, connecting Already
Exists the load without delay to the monitoring line
bypassing the energy meter.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Power can be delivered through numerous ways which is
then synchronized on a fundamental System for use. The
principle issue for which we have composed this study
paper is misfortunes in electrical System. Design or
improvement of Automatic meter reading (AMR) system.
AMR rule is a growth for remote monitoring then control
domestic energy meter. This paper offers with automated
meter reading then theft limit system of energy meter.
This model reduces the manual manipulation work and
theft control.
In the paper, I referred to that wireless electrical energy
theft detection system the use of Zigbee technological
know-how present an efficient and less costly way
according to sophisticated the wireless approach used in
that research paper.
In the paper, as depicted so much Electrical power
robbery location System is utilized as a part of agreement
with perceive an unapproved tapping touching
conveyance lines. Execution put about that System is an
appropriation arrange concerning electric power supply
System. Existing System is not ready to select the
particular area on tapping. Wireless data transmission and
receiving technique is used. This will shield appropriation
organize from control robbery done by utilizing tapping.
Unique In the current past, a few procedures were
proposed for recognizing the area concerning direct
tapping over a feeder at that point make outing illicit
buyers. On a parallel track, some non-specialized
measures, for example, assessment of clients with
suspicious load profiles and battling against illicit
utilization, were additionally actualized to control power
burglary. Interesting a few methods (proposed around the
world) are depicted in this area.
The significance and the financial variables of robbery
location are presented and the current practices and
encounters are talked about. The paper also proposes
another system for mechanized detection over illicit usage
of power inside the future appropriation systems
prepared along brilliant estimation foundation. The
fundamental information prerequisites for smart meters
and dispersion substations are characterized, keeping in
mind the end goal to open this element in distribution
arrange.
Consider a conveyance System appeared in Figure 1.
Three wires 1 phase supply, 1 neutral & 1 road light are
associated between the two poles. They are two C. T are
set on the stage wire for measuring approaching and
active current. By preparing these two approaching and
active current we can identify the unapproved tapping.
Fig-1: Proposed distribution system
Those present evaluations are identify by the System and
that System microcontroller based reached by the GSM
innovation that is send the SMS through the inside
spectator System so they will effectively locate the correct
area control robbery.
A high recurrence flag is presented in the distribution
arranges which changes its adequacy and recurrence as
the heap in the lines increments or reductions. The
progressions will be make ousted through the pickup
identifiers if any unlawful association is made between the
posts at that point there will be alteration in the
estimations of pick up and through which the illicit
association in the power will be found and appropriate
move will be made by the experts to kill such association
however this approach is not striven for the burglary
identification for the clients unlawful utilize and it is
foundation based. Remote information transmission and
accepting method is utilized. This will give an extra office
of remote meter perusing with a similar method and in
same cost. This will shield circulation arrange from control
robbery done by tapping, meter altering and so on.
2.1 Objectives
• To give a basic approach to make out an electrical power
robbery with no human help.
• To demonstrate correct zone and appropriation line on
which unapproved taping is done continuously.
• To retailer time if distribution organization employees
take analyzing with the aid of that wireless technique.
• To maximize revenue generation by the power utility
companies.
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM

Utilization of GSM in our System gives a various favorable
circumstance of remote system structure. The
administration spares cash by the control of robbery in
energy meter and furthermore more useful for client side
and the administration side. The metering IC guarantees
the exact and dependable estimation of energy devoured.
Cost insightful low when contrasted with other vitality
meter without programmed meter perusing and robbery
control.
4. SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
The System equipment consists of four equipment
modules: Transducer box, GSM modem, GSM systems and
PC-based server. The general structure of this System is
delineated in Fig.2. The Transducer box is situated at the
transformer site. It is utilized to influence estimation to
flag perfect for sending by GSM modem. The second is the
GSM module. It can be associated with a PC gadget by
means of their serial ports. The GSM modem is utilized as a
short message server (SMS) gadget that transmits the
parameters as an SMS. It can send and get messages
containing a most extreme of 160 characters. It is the
connection between the Transducer box and people in
general GSM organize.
Fig-2:Hardware scheme diagram
An IR-Sensor is utilized to detect if any theoretical go
through that sensor way and it will work in low voltage,
which implies the power utilization is low. The yield of
sensor is given to the pre-enhancer for adding additional
quality to the signs in light of the fact that the yield of
sensor can't drive any circuit specifically. So this area is
utilized to open up the powerless flags and changing over
it into solid one. A 89C51RD2BN microcontroller, which
works as the Central Processing Unit (CPU) of our task
which keeps running according to the program written in
it. A 16x2 LCD Display is utilized to show the status of the
different sensors utilized and the messages that are to be
sent to the individual at the cautiousness division. Here we
utilize an I2C-EEPROM, which stores the refreshed
information in the microcontroller, on the grounds that at
whatever point the power goes off microcontroller
memory is lost, so we can place data into I2C-EEPROM.
The energy of the memory is controlled by CMOS battery.
A MAX-232 IC is utilized to impart between
microcontroller unit and the GSM modem. It exchanges the
information to GSM and gets the information from the
microcontroller unit. This unit changes over
microcontrollers TTL signals into RS232 flag sort as the
GSM modem needs RS232 signals. For the support of the
transformer, temperature sensor and an oil-coast sensor
are utilized. Here a gadget named LM-35 is utilized as a
temperature sensor to screen the temperature of the
transformer and to screen the oil-level present in the
transformer we utilize an oil-skim sensor. With a specific
end goal to detect the power burglary, we utilize a present
sensor. The messages with respect to the upkeep of the
transformer are sent to the support office, utilizing the
GSM-module.
Fig-3:Functional Block Diagram
The components used to develop the system is
described as,
• GSM Module : SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS
motor that takes a shot at frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS

1800 MHz and PCS 1900 MHz. SIM300 highlights GPRS
multi-opening class 10/class 8(optional) and underpins
the GPRS coding plans CS-1, CS2, CS-3 and CS-4. An AT
Command can be utilized to get data in SIM card. The SIM
interface bolsters the usefulness of the GSM Phase 1 detail
and furthermore underpins the usefulness of the new GSM
Phase 2+ particular for FAST 64 kbps SIM (expected for
use with a SIM application Tool-kit). Both 1.8V and 3.0V
SIM Cards are upheld. The SIM interface is controlled from
an interior controller in the module having ostensible
voltage 2.8V. All pins reset as yields driving low.
• Micro-Controller: Microcontroller is the mind of
the task, it will keep running as indicated by the program
must be composed, here we have utilized as a SST 89C51
microcontroller.
• Current Sensor: A present sensor is a gadget that
make outes electric current (AC or DC) in a wire, and
produces the beats with settled interim of time.
• LCD-16X2: We are utilizing 16x2 LCD (fluid
precious stone show) show, it will show the status of the
System. It has 16 segments and 2 lines. It will show a 16
letters in a one column or a one line.
• SCR Relay Circuits: It goes about as a programmed
switch. We can utilize this strong state transfer to stumble
on and trip off the power.
• IR Sensor: It will detect if any conceptual go
through that sensor way and it will work in low voltage,
implies control utilization is low.
• Analog to Digital Converter (ADC): Since
temperature sensor gives simple information and
microcontroller acknowledges just computerized, we
utilize a simple to advanced converter to change over the
simple contribution to advanced info so that the
microcontroller acknowledges the info.
• Switching Adapter: The exchanging connector is
utilized to supply the voltage to the microcontroller unit.
Which has input: 100-240V~50/60Hz 0.8A and yield:
+12V, 2A.
• Android Phone: Android Phones are utilizes for
the accompanying reason, Sending and accepting SMS,
Voice notice, Tracking the area and Sending and getting
photographs.
The need of utilizing small scale controller emerges from
the way that, for an item plan which requires just a
straightforward System, the utilization of microchip is
undesirable. The miniaturized scale controller make outs
all the capacity expected to make up a straightforward
chip System and puts whatever number as could
reasonably be expected in a solitary IC. The small scale
controller utilized as a part of this task is AT 8951, which
is a 40 stick plunge IC. It helps in filtering, decrying,
System interpreting and serial transmission circuits and
so on. IC 89c51 is second era 8-bit small scale controller.
Parallel tallying of vitality meter perusing and concurrent
examination of these readings are performed by the IC.
The utilization of microcontroller has made the whole
System more compelling and precise.
Point of the Remote power observing is to gauge the
correct measure of energy that is devoured by the client at
a given moment of time so the power estimation unit is
basic and is associated on the purchaser side. The power is
measured by utilizing the instrument transformers.
Instrument transformers are utilized for estimation and
defensive application, together with gear, for example,
meters and transfers. Their part in electrical Systems is of
essential significance as they area methods for “venturing
dow" the current or voltage of a System to quantifiable
esteems, for example, 5A or 1A on account of a present
transformers or 110V or 100V on account of a voltage
transformer. This offers the preferred standpoint that
estimation and defensive gear can be institutionalized on a
couple of estimations of current and voltage.
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The effective improvement of the remote programmed
robbery observing System looks as appeared in figure 4.
This incorporates every one of the parts other than
portable. This photo gives an unmistakable likeness the
whole System proposed in this examination.
Fig-4: Functional Block Diagram
On the off chance that the power robbery happens, the
present sensor detects it and the "POWER THEFT"
message is sent to the watchfulness office through the
GSM module. It is additionally shown on the LCD show.

Figure-5:Power theft detection
If any intruder is found, the IR sensor gets activated and
the “INTRUDER” message is sent to the person at the
maintenance department through the GSM module. The
message is also displayed on the LCD display.
Fig-6:Intruder found detection
If the temperature of the transformer is going
abnormal, the temperature sensor gets activated and the
message “TEMPERATURE HIGH” is sent to the person at
the maintenance department through the GSM module.
The temperature value is displayed on LCD display.
Fig-7: Temperature high detection
If the oil-level in the Transformer goes to the minimum
level, the oil-level sensor gets activated and the message
“OIL LEVEL LOW” is sent to the person at the maintenance
department through the GSM module. The message is also
displayed on the LCD display.
Fig-8: Oil level low detection
In the future, this venture can be actualized and
approved in remote ranges. Future upgrades can be
consolidated to suit the System for three stage electric
conveyance System in India. Alongside this new design
segments can be consolidated, with the goal that the
System can be totally utilized for upgrading the vitality
utilization. This strategy will decrease the vitality wastage
and spare a considerable measure of vitality for some time
later. Rather than utilizing remote information
transmission strategy, one can utilize control line
correspondence. In control line correspondence
information flag is tweaked on control flag and sent it
through a same electrical dispersion organizes. This will
diminish the cost for particular correspondence line.
6. CONCLUSIONS
The System configuration for the most part focuses on
single stage electric dispersion System, particularly. The
proposed System gives the answer for a portion of the
fundamental issues confronted by the current Indian
matrix System, for example, wastage of vitality, control
burglary, and transmission line blame. The advance in
innovation about electrical circulation arranges is a
constant procedure. New things and new innovation are
being concocted. The proposed System detected to be
smidgen intricate to the extent appropriation arrange is
concerned, yet it's a mechanized arrangement of burglary
location. It spares time and also help to amplify net
revenue for service organization working in electrical
appropriation arrange. Service organization can watch out
for its client. We have depicted a propelled remote
observing System for conveyance transformers using the
current GSM correspondence organize, which has low
speculation and operation costs. It is likewise simple to
introduce and utilize. For this reason, we have presented
novel programming (DTMAS) and utilized it for three
distinct sorts of circulation transformers so as to
investigate voltage unbalance condition.

REFERENCES
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[3] Bharath, P.; Ananth, N.; Vijetha, S.; Prakash, K.V.J.;
“Wireless Automated Digital Energy Meter” in
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