DISTRIBUTED TRANSFORMER ENERGY METER USING GSM TECHNOLOGY

Electrical & Computer Engineering: An International Journal (ECIJ) Volume 4, Number 1, March 2015
DOI : 10.14810/ecij.2015.4103 21
DISTRIBUTED TRANSFORMER ENERGY METER
USING GSM TECHNOLOGY
Vignesh.M.L, Rajanand.S, and Dhayalan.D
Vel Tech High Tech Dr RR Dr SR Engineering College,
Chennai-62,India.
ABSTRACT
The Distributed transformer meter is located in all user building blocks and a server is preserved from the
facility contributor. The electricity is major part for consuming the energy level with cost and obtaining the
energy used by customers can be maintain in every sequence of manual process is very difficult to identify.
There are some common techniques that are used by customers for theft and leakage of power in one
particular transformer and these robberies are detected using GSM. These meters provide the automatic
readings data with help of Apriori algorithm. It will reduce the labor task and financial expenditure by
adopting the automatic meter reading is to provide the bill entry process. This is very useful and helps to
households consumers.
KEYWORDS
GSM, Energy meter, Grid, Automatic Meter Reading.
1. INTRODUCTION
Electricity theft and leakage is a serious problem in power sectors. The large amount of losing
occurs every day due to power theft [1].The electricity division is required to be preserved for
efficient power delivery to the consumer because electricity is indispensible to household and
firm development proceedings. Every year the electricity division fare the losses at an average up
to some percentage according to power ministry companies loss more than billions [2].The
current meter reading system is very expensive and to take the manual reading from customers
household to provide energy bill, which will use for future purposes.
In the existing system is that if one electronic meter damages or stopped due to some technical
fault the person will go to inform in electricity office and then the wireman or repair engineer go
to solve the problem or replace the damaged meter. This paper presents a smart proposed
distribution system to detect illegal electricity consumption, by GSM based smart energy meter
and a database installed at the central station. This helps in theft detection, billing and
management purposes [3].This metering system have some features that can improve consumer’s
awareness of actual consumption [4].The reduction of interfering has help to justify the large
funding shares in Automated Meter Reading(AMR) and currently some countries are leading
countries with high discretion of Automatic meter reading[5].

22
1.1 Technical Losses
The electricity power is generated from the station and distributed through the networks and
transformers. The full volume of power is not able to reach to the customer due to technical losses
for example the heavy power is passed to the cable from source to destination but the energy
power will losses some voltage and pass to users.
1.2 Administration Loss
Administration losses are not due to the illegal given by unknown connections or missing meters
in network. These kinds of losses are happen in the organization data loss.
1.3 Illegal Use of Electricity
Here the illegal use of electricity is happening in hose hold for example the customer use the
power supply type is single phase, but he is using the same connection for commercial use this is
also an illegal connection. The illegal connection power theft is shown on figure1.
2. METHODOLOGIES OF DISTRIBUTED TRANSFORMER
The power theft monitoring is an important research in electricity power system and electricity
stealing prevention became a big problem to the electricity. The proposed system contains GSM
based smart energy meters, having the feature of automatic meter reading.
A GSM based energy meter will connect with transformer which will measure the voltage that is
going to distribute. The measured values are sending via GSM to the database station. Customer’s
energy consumption is also measured by an energy meter connected to the specific consumer.
The consumer energy meter is also sends the measured value through GSM to the database after
the some interval of time. Both of sending values are compared by central database and if any
difference occurs between the values then it indicates illegal usage of specific transformers.
2.1 Gsm Based Smart Energy Meter
A smart meter is an electric meter that records the consumption of electric energy in intervals of
an hour or less and communicates that information at least daily back to the utility for monitoring
and billing purposes. The GSM transceiver is used for the two-way communication between
smart meter and central base station. This smart meter will send readings with specified interval
of time and also send message in case of any illegal acts by the consumer. Global system for
mobile communications (GSM) is the world standard system for mobile communication system.
The GSM Technology is used by, most of the people across the world.
The GSM network is used for flexibility and security to the consumer. The meter reports the
exact theft locations to the server. The Electricity manager is having response to send the
technical employee to check the reported area and can detect the particular problem.

23
Figure : 1 GSM Based Smart Distribution System(illegal connection taken direct from the distributor)
3. ALGORITHM
In this system we are using the Apriori algorithm for frequent item sets maintain and association
rule learning from the databases. It is used proceed the frequent items in the database and
extending them to larger item sets as long as those item sets appear sufficiently often in the
database.
Apriori algorithm is designed to operate on databases for transactions. Apriori uses a bottom up
approach because the frequent subsets are extended one at a time. The pseudo code algorithm is
given the transaction database T and support threshold of∈.
Step1
Reading is generated automatically through GSM.
Step2
Obtaining the data from the database for finding the customer system
Step3
Locate the customer system with help of GSM through Apriori function.
Step4
Locate the customer by,
Apriori(T,∈)
L1 ← {large 1-itemsets}
K ← 2
while Lk-1 ≠
Ck ←{a∪{b} | a∈Lk-1 ^ b ∈Lk-1 ^b∉a}
For transactions t ∈ T
Ct ←{c | c ∈ Ck ^ c C t}
Consumer
Energy Meter 2
GSM Based
Energy Meter
Transformer
Sub Station
Database
Consumer
Energy Meter 1
Unauthorized
Connection
Distribution
Transformer
Unauthorized
Connection

24
For candidates c ∈ Ct
Count[c] ←count[c] + 1
Lk ←{c | c ∈ Ck ^ count[c] > ∈}
K ← k + 1
Return ∪∪∪∪k Lk
Step5
Sending the energy meter to the consumer and stop the process.
4.COMPARISON RESULT
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
House Hold Theft
Year
No of occurences
Figure: 2 Electricity Theft Level Increasing (House Hold)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Theft Decresing
NoofoccrencesNoofoccrences
Year
Figure: 3 Electricity Theft Level Decreasing

25
5. SIMULATION RESULT
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Other house hold Theft
Theft From the Person
NoofoccrencesNoofoccrences
Year
Figure: 4 Statistics of In Electricity Theft in India
6. ADVANTAGES
• Decrease meter reading costs since the load of travelling to read the energy meter reading
are removed by using GSM technology, the costs are considerably reduced.
• Reduce the power theft and leakage using the Global system for mobile communication
technology.
• In this system all power information can be collected at a centralized at one point.
• The customer can get all the details about his energy consumption form a database
without any loss of data.
• Using the energy meter the power theft can be extremely decreased and removed.
7. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we proposed an energy meter which takes advantage of the GSM network that has
virtually access household and area across different countries. To control energy theft using our
smart energy meter. To solve these kinds of problem the governments provide help in terms to
manage the issues. The energy meter is highly useful for power utilities for reducing electricity
theft and ensuring proceeds collection. The data collection and manipulation task becomes fact
and easier. Changes in rate of unit calculation can be done very effectively.

26
REFERENCES
[1] Dr.M.J.C.Prasad & Yeligati Kiran,(2014)“Prepayment of Electricity Units With Theft Controlling
System”, in IJRSSET Vol 1,PP 42-48.
[2] Kalaivani.R, Gowthami.M, Savitha.S, Karthick.N, Mohanvel.S,(2014)“GSM Based Electricity Theft
Identification in Distribution Systems”,in IJETT Vol 8,PP 512-516.
[3] Muhammed Ilyas Afridi,Shah Faisal,Hikman Ud Din Bangash, Engr Qazi Waqar Ali, Engr Arsalan
Afri,(2012) “GSM Based Smart Distribution System”,in IJECE Vol 2,PP 589-596
[4] Yannick Perez and Guanlan GUO,(2009) “GSM Lessons For Smart Meters Standarization”,
[5] P.Kadurek,Studentmember,IEEE,J.Blom,J.F.G.VCobben, W.L.Kling,(2006)“Theft detection and
smart metering practices and expectations in the Netherlands”,IEEE.
[6] Sai Kiran Ellenki,Srikanth Reddy.G, Srikanth ch,(2014) “An Advanced Smart Energy Metering
System for Developing Countries”, in IJSRE Vol 2,PP 242-258.
[7] J.Nagi,A.M.Mohammad,K.S Yap,S.K.Tiong,and S.K.Ahmed,(2008)“Non-Technical loss analysis
for detection of electricity theft using support vector machines”,IEEE,PP 907-912.
[8] HE Xiao-rong,DONG Ch UN,LIU Shu-xi,(2007)“The new Technology and application of single
phase electric energy meter deffence electricity stealing”, Vol 24,PP 70-74.
[9] Hongfei L,Dongping F,Mahatma S,Hampapur A,(2011)“Usage analysis for smart meter
management”,in CETWIT,Vol 8,PP 1-6.
[10] Benzi F,Anglani N,Bassi E,Frosini L,(2011)“Electricity smart meters interfacing the households”,in
IEEE Transactions on industrial Electronics,PP 4487-4494.

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