IRJET-Domain Data Security on Cloud

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 06 | June-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 597
DOMAIN DATA SECURITY ON CLOUD
Miss. Sushmita Sukdev Bhoumick
Student, Dept. of Master of Computer Applications , Mumbai University, MET ICS , Maharashtra , Mumbai, India
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Abstract - Day by day cloud data security has become more
and more important as number of users on cloud is
enormously increasing. It is difficult to handle huge data of
users. If this data is segregated domain wise then it becomes
easy to maintain. As costs for maintaining security are
spread among a large number of customers in cloud data
centers, cloud operators have been increased and are able to
apply far more resources to physical, technical and
operational security measures than most corporations or
government agencies. Many large service providers across
all domains protect data security in cloud computing by
operating and maintaining multiple data centers with data
replicated across facilities. Security of this data is very
important on customer service. Secure software life cycle
management are fundamental to the protection of cloud
services. Thus the information security of various cloud
systems is based on the classical principles of mainly
confidentiality, availability and integrity.
This research paper discusses about the use of
securing data on cloud based on different domains. Analysis
of data security issues in a cloud environment. It will also
discuss about the pros and cons and solutions to them. We
will discuss about some important security services,
technologies and techniques that include authentication
,encryption and decryption that are provided in Cloud
Computing Systems.
Key Words : Domain , Cloud , Security, Advantages ,
Data
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Existing System
 User who has data to be stored in cloud and rely
only on cloud for data storage and computation
can be an enterprise customer or an individual
customer.
 Huge single data centers that can get loaded
during retrieval of data. Servers can crash as
user’s data grow in size and importance.
 Huge data storage and availability of duplicate
data on a huge amount.
 User to audit the cloud storage for very high
communication and cost.
1.2 Proposed System
 Allows users to audit the cloud storage with very
lightweight communication and computation cost.
 Domain specific data.
 Faster response time and processing time.
 Supports secure & efficient operations Cost saving,
high availability and easy scalability.
1.3 Results
 Data storage on cloud has become important now
a day. All the big-big companies are having their
data storage on cloud. It defines the growth of the
company and increases many customers.
2. WHAT ARE DOMAINS
Domain security can be called as partition of data used for
security, notifications and reporting purposes. Data is
highly secure within a domain, visibility and creation of
data is controlled with security roles in a domain, one can
have unlimited nodes and levels[1].
2.1 Data Sharing
Data will be shared to only restricted users. One can
choose who can view their data, number of users can be
limited. The UI and business rules can be same for all
users.
Figure 1: Domain Types
2.2 World Domain And Home Domain
Figure 1 depicts the types of domains. World domain has
universal access to all the data across all regions whereas
home domain is region specific. The domain value governs
access to the users profile but other user’s in all the
systems. The home domain value defines the default

domains for all the components records are created by
different users. It also consists of user experiences.
Domains keep data secured.
2.3 What Is Data Security ?
Data security means protecting digital data privacy
measures like unauthorized access to databases, websites
and also computers such as cyber attack or data breach. It
saves corrupting of data. It is a major aspect of IT for
organizations. It is also known as computer or information
security. It includes disk encryption, data masking, data
ensure, backups.
The main data security technology measure is encryption,
in this the digital data, software/hardware and hard drives
are all encrypted. Authentication is the main method
practicing in data security. Users need to provide
password, code, biometric data or any unique data to
verify the identity before accessing to the system or any
data to get full permission. It is also very important for
health care records and other medical facilities [2].
Table 1: Cloud Vs Traditional IT Security
3.What Is Domain Wise Data Security?
Distributing data all over in different regions as per
customer needs and availabilities. It consists of storage of
data centers that are segregated as per different regions on
the basics of locals (local languages they use).
This helps in securing data and also data access becomes
easy as one can access to only that data that he/she
requires. Thus managing and maintaining of that data can
be done in a common way as per the domain patterns.
4.What Is Cloud ?
Cloud known as cloud computing is a term that is used for
the delivery of hosted services over the internet.it is
known as cloud as it refers to applications and services
that are offered all over the Internet Cloud computing is an
information technology that enables access to shared pools
of configurable system resources and a high-level service
that can be rapidly provisioned with less amount of
management efforts all over the internet.
It is based on sharing of resources to get both economies of
scale and coherence. It uses the internet and central
remote servers to maintain data. It is an internet based
technology that can be used by small businesses and
organizations to make use of highly sophisticated
computer applications[3].
PHONES,LAPTOPS,SERVERS,DESKTOPS,TABLETS
Figure 2: Cloud architecture
 SERVICE MODELS :
Figure 3: Cloud Service Types
CLOUD SECURITY TRADITIONAL IT
SECURITY
Highly and quickly
scalable
Slowly scalable
High efficient
resource utilization
Lower efficiency
Cost based on usage Higher in cost
Less time to market Longer time to market
Data centers provided
by third parties
Data centers provided in-
house.
Low upfront costs High upfront costs

2.4 Cloud Architecture
It consists of multiple cloud components that communicate
with each other over a mechanism such as messaging
queue. Elastic provision makes use of intelligence in the
usage of tight or loose coupling. This architecture of
software systems involve the delivery of cloud computing
[3].
2.5 Some Encryption Algorithms Used
Various high level encryption algorithm is used to increase
protection of privacy. For example, Crypto-shedding is
used to delete the keys when they are no more used in the
data.
2.6 Attribute-Based Encryption Algorithm
The attribute-based encryption is a basically type of public
key encryption. In this encryption the secret key of a user
and the cipher text are both dependent upon attributes.
Encryption process is based on attributes that are used by
different users. The decryption process of cipher text in
such systems is possible only if certain basic set of
attributes of the user key matches the attributes of the
cipher text available.
It consists of two : CP-ABE & KP-ABE.
2.7 Cipher Text-Policy (CP-ABE)
Cipher text-policy i.e. CP-ABE, is an encryption process in
this it controls access strategy, as the strategy gets more
complex and all the designing and security of the system is
highly complex and more difficult.
2.8 KEY-POLICY ABE (KP-ABE)
This encryption uses private keys, the attribute sets are
used to explain the encrypted texts and private keys with
certain and specified encrypted texts that users need to
decrypt.
2.9 SEARCHABLE ENCRYPTION (SE)
Majorly used for secure search, this encryption is
cryptographic primitives which provide highly secure
functions over the present encrypted data. Search
encryption generally builds keywords indexes to securely
perform user queries and improve the search efficiency. SE
schemes are majorly in two forms: a Secret-key
cryptography & Public-key cryptography.
2.10 FULLY HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION (FHE)
FHE focuses with sum and products, allows
straightforward computations on the encrypted
information, computing sums and product on the
encrypted data without the decryption process.
Figure 4 : Domain data security structure
3. SECURITY ASPECT IN CLOUD
As soon as companies get upgraded to cloud their first
question is what makes a cloud environment a safer
option. One must always take time to review their security
posture and what all changes and controls need to be
implemented to operate cloud securely. Every cloud
customer wants a platform that offers a wide variety of
security services to address various requirements and by
doing this they can get benefit of all the new features that
are available.
3.1 DATA AND RESULTS :
Platforms: Major data services on cloud is offered by
amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2)
 Amazon Web Services (AWS Cloud Security):Data
security on cloud at AWS is on a priority now-a-days.
AWS cloud allows customers to scale and innovate as
it maintains a secure environment. AWS cloud
customers to scale, maintain and innovate a secure
environment. Customers pay for only those services
that they use, basically you can organize your own
security as per needs at a low cost. Data Security is
high in AWS it provides many security capabilities and
services to increase high control and privacy of
network access. It includes network firewall built into
Amazon VPC, connectivity options such as private or
connections available from office or on-premises
environment.

Figure 5: Cloud Architecture
 Domain Wise Infrastructure :It spans across 53
available zones within 18 geographical regions
around the words and planning 12 more in future.
Regions such as US East, US West, Asia Pacific,
Canada, China, Europe, South America.
 Data Privacy : a. The main focus is on customers,
Amazon knows customers care deeply about the
privacy and security of data. Amazon does not
disclose any information about customers unless
there are some legal issues. It gives a prior
intimation if there is any need of disclosing data.
AWS clients get strong encryption as one of the
main security features, an option is provided to
manage their own encryption key process.AWS
clients have full control over the content present
and location where data is stored.
 Microsoft’s Azure cloud computing is based on
both .NET technology and Microsoft Vista includes
both cloud computing and cloud-hosted extension.
 IBM computing on demand / Blue Cloud is an
enterprise based cloud computing offering as it is
related and build on the same technology that is
sold to cloud and can also be cross over between
private and public cloud applications.
4. DISCUSSION
 Majorly all the big scale or small scale companies
are moving to cloud as they all want to focus on
business, use cloud for storing data and be
dependent on cloud for security. Thus security on
cloud must be a major factor specially on the basis
of confidential data. Majorly all the big-big
companies have their branches all across the
world ,thus their customers and clients are also
segregated and all follow different locals and
different patterns of data storage facilities as per
their needs. Thus big companies prefer to store
data on the cloud as per domains i.e. region
specific to make it more reliable and available,
securing such data is also easy and systematic.
 In 2018, will majorly focus on boarding new IT
staff, or advance the skills of existing staff on the
basis of a number of key IT trends. Some of these
technologies are machine learning and server less
computing which are specially related to hybrid
and multi-cloud.
 It is flexible a costing level as IT terms must
tediously manage and integrate various cloud
platforms. Many existing enterprises will be giving
cloud based jobs with architects and admin who
can build excellent infrastructures and also
manage workloads very effectively.
 Invest more on security as it will protect major
trust of customers, make customers aware about
the storage details and assure them about
security. Set up data centers in major part of the
worlds and allow proper distribution of data
domain wise so that a single data center is not
loaded and does not lead to data loss or data
center crashing. Train many employees and get
upgraded to cloud services as the future relies on
cloud. Provide proper courses, knowledge training
sessions and also certified training.
5. LATEST TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES USED
FOR DATA SECURITY IN CLOUD COMPUTING :
Latest Technologies
 Cloud computing has training windows and
program in order to address all the challenges,
many laboratories that are present have
developed new cloud information gateway
technology that can flexibly control data, that
includes data content, that is transmitted from the
inside of a company to a cloud and between
multiple clouds. Many companies such as product
based companies and service based companies are
moving on cloud [3].
 The data gateway also includes many features :

Data Masking Technology
 It is a method of creating a similar but inauthentic
version or copy of an organization’s data that can
be used for various purposes such as training or
testing. The purpose is to protect the original data
while having a functional substitute for scenarios
when the real data is not required.
Secure Logic Migration And Execution Technology
 Mostly all the companies across all domains have
secured data that needs to be migrated and also
executed at a certain phase in a secured manner.
 Data are highly secured and confidential in big
companies ,for confidential data that cannot be
released outside of the company, even formed by
concealing certain aspects of the data. By defining
the security level of data, the information gateway
the data can also transfer to the cloud-based
application to the in-house sandbox for execution.
Data Traceability technology :
 In data traceability technology, the present
information gateway tracks all the information
flowing in and out of the cloud, so these flows, the
process and their content can be checked.
6. LATEST TECHNIQUES
6.1 Authentication And Identity
 Maintenance of confidentiality, integrity, and
availability for data security is a function of
correct application and configuration of familiar
network, system and application and security
mechanisms at various levels in the cloud
infrastructure.
 Something an individual knows (such as a
password), something they possess (such as a
security token), or some measurable quality that
is intrinsic to them(such as a fingerprint) [3].
6.2Application Of Encryption For Data In Motion :
 This encryption process is used to assure that if
there is a bridge of communication integrity
between the two parties so that the data remains
confidential.
 Authentication is used to assure that the parties
communicating data can be relied on and are who
they say they are (no fraud with domains and
information).
 The common means of authentication themselves
is to employ cryptography in different ways.
6.3 Data Masking
 Data Masking is a technique that is used to protect
sensitive information and remove all identifiable
and distinguishing characteristics from available
data in order to render it anonymous and yet still
be operable.
 This technique is highly aimed at reducing the risk
of exposing sensitive information majorly used to
protect data [4].
7. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGE
Advantages
 Conducting training and awareness for all system
users.
 Domain wise segregation helps faster access to
data and easy to maintain as per customer
requirements.
 Data segregated by domains follow various
locals(local languages as per region to which
domain belongs).
 Identifying and authenticating users before
granting access.
 Prevent or restrict external attacks.
 Determine the root cause of cyber attacks.
 Reduces the exposure of sensitive data. Simplifies
security auditing and testing.
 Enables automated security management.
Improves redundancy and disaster recovery.
 Access to highly qualified IT security personnel.
Prevent viruses and malware infection.
 Encrypt sensitive or confidential information
assets whenever feasible [5].
Disadvantages
 Though cloud provides 100 % data security still
other clients feel insecure not Knowing which
other client also has the same measures in place
[5].
Solution
 Use different encryption keys for each individual
client, however it is wholly dependent on the
service providers.

 Some businesses take unprecedented risk in
storing their critical information on an
infrastructure that has not proven to be reliable.
 Data that is unavailable for extended periods of
time can be as crippling to an enterprise as data
that is compromised.
 Sometimes in certain domains cloud storage
security has lack of transparency in the cloud and
the users only have the assurance of storage
providers as guarantees of security.
 If you have no internet access you cannot access
your data and accessing from an insecure network
can be risky [5].
8. CONCLUSION :
Future of computing depends on cloud based services.
Cloud is the next big way of looking for data storage and
security. In order to avoid loss of data and crashing of data
the cloud service providers make domain wise data
centers that can help users to get secure and reliable data
and also be aware about the location where their data
centers are stored. Highly recommended and must be
expanded on a large scale.
REFERENCES :
[1] The Domain Tools Report, 2016 Edition," The
Distribution Of Malicious Domains
",The_DomainTools_Report_Distribution_Maliciou
s_Domain.pdf , Domain Tools
[2] Computer Science Department, Purdue
Unwers~ty, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907,"Data
Security" Dorothy E. Denning and Peter J. Dennin
,Computing Surveys, VoL 11, No. 3, September
1979
[3] Alexa Huth and James Cebula, “The Basics of Cloud
Computing, Produced for an US-CERT,2011
Carnegie Mellon University.
[4] Priya Dhir, Sushil Garg, “Survey on Cloud
Computing and Data Masking Techniques”,
International Journal of Innovations &
Advancement in Computer Science, ISSN 2347 –
8616,Volume 6, Issue 4,April 2017.
[5] Anca Apostu, Florina Puican,Geanina Ularu,
George Suciu, Gyorgy Todoran,” Study on
advantages and disadvantages of Cloud
Computing – the advantages of Telemetry
Applications in the Cloud“,,ISBN: 978-1-61804-
179-1,Recent Advances in Applied Computer
Science and Digital Services .

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