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ICT, Importance of programming and programming languages
- 1. Compiled by Ebin Robinson Page 1 ICT Importance of programming and programming languages By Ebin Robinson AS Level IN721 LCI
- 2. Compiled by Ebin Robinson Page 2 Why is programming soimportant in the modernworld? Nowadays everyone has a smartphone in their hand which is due to the technology revolution started by Apple. Since then the smartphone industry has grown a lot. So in modern day programming is necessary to make the people to follow a company and increase the competitive edge of a company by providing innovative technologies to people's hands. Now there is a little shift from traditional retail to e-commerce which is made through programming. Programming is now focused on making feel convenient so it is necessary in the modern world since people want to save time by any means. Programming is definitely important. Hundreds of universities, thousands of professors, and scores and scores of students and practitioners teaching, learning and practicing the discipline are enough testimony to the fact. Some of the more obvious reasons programming is important are: To interact with machines and computers To harness the power of computing in all human endeavor To automate tasks To create intelligent machines,etc Nothing is possible without programming in current generation. From the fan to your mobile, everything is built-in programmed. Even electrical and mechanical engineers after their raw workout, will move to
- 3. Compiled by Ebin Robinson Page 3 the final stage - Coding the tool. Only then you can give life to that object. Imagine there is no programming,just a hypothetical and funny thinking. Satellite stops working, no TV, No Radio , No mobile , No stock exchange , No aerial resourcing of mining, fishing , agriculture and all resources, no vehicles , no instruments , etc., No programming = No life to modern generation. Whatis data typeand whyit is important in programming languages? In case of programming languages, you can consider your body as data, the disease as your data type, the medicines as the operators/functions or anything that can work on data and ofcourse you, a programmer, would be the doctor. Now, on the very basic level you need to know what type of data are you working on. Without that, it wouldn't be easy and in some cases nigh impossible to determine how to approach towards solution. We can substitute a compiler/interpreter as the doctor as well. In that case, the significance of the exact type of data is even more as the compiler/interpreter must know if the program that is being fed as the input is valid or not. To be more precise, it must check if the operations that you are trying to perform are compliant with the data type of the data. It doesn't make sense to perform an addition on two data-points: an integer (say 893) and a string (say "programming"). What is Computer programming? Computer programming (often shortened to programming) is a process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs. Programming involves activities such as
- 4. Compiled by Ebin Robinson Page 4 analysis, developing understanding, generating algorithms, verification of requirements of algorithms including their correctness and resources consumption, and implementation (commonly referred to as coding) of algorithms in a target programming language. Source code is written in one or more programming. The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate performing a specific task or solving a given problem. The process of programming thus often requires expertise in many different subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms and formal logic. Related tasks include testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code, implementation of the build system, and management of derived artefacts such as machine code of computer programs. These might be considered part of the programming process, but often the term "software development" is used for this larger process with the term "programming", "implementation", or "coding" reserved for the actual writing of source code. Software engineering combines engineering techniques with development practices. Types of Programming languages are :- Different languages have different purposes, so it makes sense to talk about different kinds, or types, of languages. Some types are: Machine languages — interpreted directly in hardware Assembly languages — thin wrappers over a corresponding machine language High-level languages — anything machine-independent System languages — designed for writing low-level tasks, like memory and process management Scripting languages — generally extremely high-level and powerful Domain-specific languages — used in highly special-purpose areas only
- 5. Compiled by Ebin Robinson Page 5 Visual languages — non-text based Esoteric languages — not really intended to be used These types are not mutually exclusive: Perl is both high-level and scripting; C is considered both high-level and system. Other types people have identified: Toy, Educational, Very High-Level, Compiled, Interpreted, Free-Form, Curly Brace, Applicative, Von Neumann, Expression-Oriented, Persistent, Concurrent, Glue, Intermediate, Quantum, Hybrid. A few examples of Software are: Java - Java is a set of several computer software and specifications developed by Sun Microsystems. later acquired by Oracle Corporation, that provides a system for developing application software and deploying it in a cross-platform computing environment. Java is used in a wide variety of computing platforms from embedded devices and mobile phones to enterprise servers and supercomputers. While less common, Java applets run in secure, sandboxed environments to provide many features of native applications and can be embedded in HTML pages. It was first released in 23 January 1996. Android 4.4 Kitkat - Android 4.4 "KitKat" is a version of the Android mobile operating system developed by Google. Google announced Android 4.4 KitKat on September 3, 2013. Although initially under the "Key Lime Pie" ("KLP") codename, the name was changed because "very few people actually know the taste of a key lime pie." Some technology bloggers also expected the "Key Lime Pie" release to be Android 5. KitKat debuted on Google's Nexus 5 on October 31, 2013,
- 6. Compiled by Ebin Robinson Page 6 and was optimised to run on a greater range of devices than earlier Android versions, having 512 MB of RAM as a recommended minimum; those improvements were known as "Project Svelte" internally at Google. The required minimum amount of RAM available to Android is 340 MB, and all devices with less than 512 MB of RAM must report themselves as "low RAM" devices. KitKat's new features User interface and apps Refreshed interface with white elements instead of blue Clock no longer shows bold hours; all digits are thin. The H, M, and S markings for the stopwatch and timer have been removed, leaving just the numbers. New framework for UI transitions Ability for applications to trigger translucency in the navigation and status bars Ability for applications to use "immersive mode" to keep the navigation and status bars hidden while maintaining user interaction Action overflow menu buttons are always visible, even on devices with a "Menu" key, which was officially deprecated by Android 4.0. Wi-Fi and mobile data activity (TX/RX) indicators are moved to quick settings Settings application no longer uses a multi-pane layout on devices with larger screens Settings application now makes it possible to select default text messaging and home (launcher) application Built-in screen recording feature (primarily for developers, as usage of ADB is required)
- 7. Compiled by Ebin Robinson Page 7 WebView WebView components now based on Chromium engine (feature parity with Chrome 30 for Android) Disables text wrapping in the WebView browser component Storage Restriction for applications when accessing external storage, except for their own directories. This restriction was later removed in Android Lollipop. Storage Access Framework, an API allowing apps to retrieve files in a consistent manner. As part of the framework, a new system file picker allows users to access files from various sources (including those exposed by apps, such as online storage services). APIs Optimizations for performance on devices with lower specifications, including zRAM support and "low RAM" device API Public API for developing and managing text messaging clients Sensor batching, step detector and counter APIs Native infrared blaster API Expanded accessibility APIs and system-level closed captioning settings Android Runtime (ART) introduced as a new experimental application runtime environment, not enabled by default, as a replacement for the Dalvik virtual machine Hardware Wireless printing capability Bluetooth Message Access Profile (MAP) support NFC host card emulation, enabling a device to replace smart cards
- 8. Compiled by Ebin Robinson Page 8 Audio tunneling, audio monitoring and loudness enhancer Disabled access to battery statistics by third-party applications Other Expanded functionality for notification listener services iOS - iOS (originally iPhone OS) is a mobile operating system created and developed by Apple Inc. and distributed exclusively for Apple hardware. It is the operating system that presently powers many of the company's mobile devices, including the iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch. It is the most commonly used mobile operating system in Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, andAustralia, while Android is the most popular mobile operating system as it is most popular in most other countries. iOS is also the most commonly used tablet operating system in the world. Originally unveiled in 2007, for the iPhone, it has been extended to support other Apple devices such as the iPod Touch(September 2007), iPad (January 2010), iPad Mini (November 2012) and second- generation Apple TV onward (September 2010). As of January 2015, Apple's App Store contained more than 1.4 million iOS applications, 725,000 of which are native for iPads.These mobile apps have collectively been downloaded more than 100 billion times. Bibliography Quora digest Android.co.uk Apple.com Wikipedia Goodreads