Digital forensic science and its scope manesh t
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This document provides an overview of digital forensics and network forensics. It discusses key topics such as the differences between digital forensics and computer security, common types of digital evidence like disk, memory, and mobile forensics, and the basic steps involved in a digital forensics investigation including identification, acquisition, authentication, analysis, and presentation. It also provides examples of tools used for different types of digital forensics examinations and summarizes the scope and career paths within the field of computer forensics.
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Digital forensic science and its scope manesh t
- 1. Presented By Manesh T Research Fellow UOC-Spain
- 2. Network Forensics-An Intro Introduction to Digital Forensics Agenda Classification & Terminologies Digital Crimes at a Glance Computer Security Vs. Forensics Steps in Digital Forensics Tools and Uses Research Contributions in Network Forensics Conclusions
- 3. Forensics Vs. Digital Forensics Forensic science is the application of science to criminal and civil laws. Forensic Investigators collect, preserve, and analyze scientific evidence during the course of an investigation. Digital Forensics is the collection, preservation, identification, extraction, interpretation and documentation of digital evidence which can be used in the court of law. - -Digital Forensics Sciences, -Computer Forensics 3
- 4. Digital Forensic Science (DFS) 4 The practice of scientifically derived and proven technical methods and tools toward the preservation, collection, validation, identification, analysis, interpretation, documentation and presentation of after-the-fact digital information derived from digital sources for the purpose of facilitating or furthering the reconstruction of events as forensic evidence
- 5. Computer Security Vs Digital Forensics Computer Security major’s job is to secure down systems and prevent hackers from gaining access Digital Forensics majors have the job of figuring out exactly what happened when the other failed. Security and forensics are so closely related that without one the other would be non-existent. 5
- 8. What is Digital Crime? Any crime where computer is a tool, target or both Offences against computer data or systems Unauthorized access, modification or impairment of a computer or digital system Offences against the confidentiality, integrity and availability of computer data and systems Conventional Crime Vs. Digital Crime Examples of Digital Crime Credit Card Fraud, Identity theft, Spam,DoS 8
- 9. What Forensics is not…… Pro-Active (Security) But reactive to an event or request About finding the bad guy/criminal But finding evidence of value Something you do for fun Expertise is needed Hacking Lawful Interception & Ethical Hacking 9
- 10. Offline Vs Online Forensics Offline Forensics –Postmortem Forensics, Performed on tampered or compromised digital objects or network environment Online forensics- Live forensics Performed during the malicious activity on digital artifacts or computer networks or in interconnected systems Challenging High speed packet capturing devices 10
- 11. Basic forensic methodology consists of: Acquire the digital evidence without altering or damaging the original Information stored or transmitted in binary forms, documents, images, voice and videos Physical items or data objects( hard disk, CD, memory, computer etc.) Admissible, Authentic, Complete, Reliable Authenticate that your recovered evidence is the same as the originally seized data Analyze the data without modifying it. 11
- 12. Disk Forensics 12 • Disk forensics is the science of extracting forensic information from hard disk images • The goal is to recover data from a disk image using a forensic analysis tool. • Encryption, file system Tools Used 1.Sleuth Kit 2.Autopsy Kit 3.Samdump
- 14. Memory Forensics 14 • Live Forensics • Capture the Memory • Analyze the Memory • Reconstruction of Memory State Tools Used 1.Memdump 2.Nigilant Kit 3.Memoryze
- 15. Mobile Forensics Mobile forensics is a branch of digital forensics. Simply, it is a science of recovering different kinds of evidence from mobile phones. It helps investigators significantly to reach to the criminal. 15 - Contact numbers. - Record of calls, SMS, MMS and details about them. - Sounds. - Photographs. - Email messages. - Notes. - Calendar. Tools • EnCase Neutrino • Cell Dek Tech • Oxygen Forensics
- 16. Database Forensics Prove or disprove the occurrence of a data security breach Determine the scope of a database intrusion Retrace user DML and DDL operations Identify data pre- and post-transactions Recover previously deleted database data 16 Tools • Logminer • Data Carve
- 17. Web Forensics Web application forensics (IIS, Tomcat, Wamp server) Post Mortem Investigation of compromised web application system Traces web vulnerability attacks Cross site scripting SQL Injections Session hijacking etc. 17 Tools • Encase • FTK •Splunk
- 18. Browser Forensics People uses Web Browsers to search for information, shop online, banking, communicate through emails or instant messaging. Losses due to crimes Forensics Investigation to get browsing related data from computer Tracing cache, history and cookies of browsers Tools AccessData FTK Imager 3.1.3.2 Autopsy 3.0.6 Web browser Forensic Analyzer, Cache, History and Cookie viewers by Nirsoft 18
- 19. Cloud Forensics Cloud Computing – A transformative Technology it is easier to share data Access the files by using a computer, a smartphone or a tablet device Choose between free and commercial solutions Digital Forensics in Cloud Storage Services Tools DiskPulse tool to track the disk usage RegShot and RegFromApp to track the registry changes 19
- 20. Cloud Forensics -Continued Drobox Installation Folder 20
- 21. Cloud Forensics -Continued 21 Drobox Decryptor
- 22. IoT Forensics Connected, Headless, diverse and small Sources of evidence on IoT can be categorized into three groups: All evidence collected from smart devices and sensors; All evidence collected from hardware and software that provide a communication between smart devices and the external world (e.g., computers, mobile, IPS, IDS and firewalls), All evidence collected from hardware and software that are outside the network under investigation. (ISP, MSP) 22
- 23. Image Forensics Digital image forensics aims at restoring some of the lost trustworthiness of digital images and revolves around the following two fundamental questions o From where is the image come from? o Has the image been processed after acquisition? o The forensic analysis of digital images (or digital image forensics) then refers to the reconstruction of the generation process of a given digital image, where the main focus lies on inference about the image’s authenticity and origin. o Forensic face recognition in computer vision. 23
- 24. Cyber Forensics The unique process of identifying, preserving, analyzing and presenting digital evidence in a manner that is legally accepted.” Cyber crime means any criminal activity in which a computer or network is the source, tool or target or place of crime 24
- 26. Steps in Digital Forensics • Search for Information about information we requireIdentification • Obtain Forensic Copies of all Digital evidencesAcquisition • Discriminating evidences based on integrityAuthentication • Logical interpretation of recovered data • Tentative evidences turn to actual evidencesAnalysis • Generate Forensic Report • Prosecution by Court of LawPresentation 26
- 27. Identification Phase Sub Phases Classify Digital Crime Information Harvesting Intelligence Gathering Data Inspection Functions Past/ Ongoing, Disk,Memroy, Cloud, Network forensics How?When?What?Who? Scene Audit, System Monitoring Encrypted, Steganography, Open 27
- 28. Acquisition Phase Sub Phases Pre acquisition process Acquisition Plan Post acquisition process Functions Implications, lawful interception, Custody Snapshot, online, offline, Log file, Memory, Network Packets, Disk Images Handle forensic data, seized evidences, conservation and transportation 28 Pro Discover Basic, EnCase
- 29. Authentication Phase Sub Phases Categorize Evidences Validate Evidences Discriminate Evidences Functions Persistent, Volatile Use Hashing of Images, other digital evidences for Integrity Admissible, Authentic, Complete, Reliable Best, Secondary, Direct Evidences 29
- 30. Forensic Analysis Phase Sub Phases Preparation Extraction (Physical) Extraction (Logical) Analysis (Time Line) Analysis (Data Hiding) Analysis of Application Reconstruct Files Functions Media, Type of Forensic analysis Filter, Packet header, File Carving, File system, File slack, Unallocated space Review Time, Date Stamps, Logs Correlate, Access to encrypted, protected assets Saved passwords, Emails, Cookies, attachments, History 30 Access Data Ultimate Toolkit
- 31. Presentation Phase Sub Phases Documentation, Expert Testimony Correlated Evidences, Impose Laws section Substantial Interpretations, Crime Report, Generate Digital Forensic Report Prosecution By Court 31
- 32. Scope of Computer Forensics 32
- 33. DFS-Tools Tool Platform License Description Magnet AXIOM Cross Platform Proprietary Complete Acquisition, analysis and presentation EnCase Windows Proprietary Multipurpose Forensic Tool SANS Investigative Forensics Toolkit - SIFT Ubuntu Proprietary Multi-purpose forensic operating system Digital Forensics Framework Cross Platform Proprietary Framework and user interfaces dedicated to Digital Forensics CANE Linux Linux Freeware Gnu/Linux computer forensics FTK Windows Proprietary Multipurpose Forensic Tool COFEE Windows Proprietary A suite of tools for Windows developed by Microsoft 33
- 34. Network Forensic –An Intro • Network forensics is the science that deals with capture, recording, and analysis of network traffic to retrace the content of the network session. 34
- 35. Computing Environment in My Research 35
- 36. Steps in Network Forensic Analysis 36 C • Collection & filtering R • Correlation Analysis L • Log file analysis S • Stream Reassembly A • Application layer viewer W • Workflow or case management
- 37. Paths to Careers in CF Certifications Associate Degree Bachelor Degree Post Grad Certificate Masters Doctorate 37
- 38. Job Functions CF Technician CF Investigator CF Analyst/Examiner (lab) CF Lab Director CF Scientist 38
- 39. Professional Opportunities Law Enforcement Private Sector Intelligence Community Military Academia 39
- 40. Conclusions • Basics of Digital Forensic Sciences, Classifications • Steps in Digital Forensics • Basics of Network Forensics, Steps • Forensic Tools • Research Challenges 40
- 41. Useful Links Kerala Police- Kochi http://kochicity.keralapolice.gov.in/ National Investigation Agency –NIA http://www.nia.gov.in/ CBI http://cbi.nic.in/ Cyberdome http://cyberdome.kerala.gov.in/index.html Cyber Cell https://kerala.gov.in/cyber-cell RCCF-CDAC http://www.cyberforensics.in/?AspxAutoDe tectCookieSupport=1 41
- 42. Finish Thank you