Introduction to functional programming, with Elixir
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This document introduces functional programming with Elixir. It discusses how functional programming is an alternative paradigm to object-oriented programming, with concepts like pure functions, immutable data, and functions as first-class citizens. Elixir is a functional language that runs on the Erlang VM, allowing it to easily build concurrent, distributed, and fault-tolerant systems. It provides many benefits over Erlang like better tooling and syntax. The document outlines Elixir's core concepts like modules, functions, pattern matching, and the pipeline operator and provides examples of how to work with Elixir's basic datatypes.
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Introduction to functional programming, with Elixir
- 2. Unlearn you some OOP for great good
- 3. ● OOP is not the only good way to design software ● Assignment & Control flow are not essential to programming ● Locks & Semaphores are not essential to concurrency
- 4. Learn you some Functional Programming for good
- 5. Functional Programming ● Another programming paradigm o Functions as first class citizens o Higher order functions o Immutable data o Pure functions
- 6. Pure Functions ● Stateless ● Produces the same output always for the same input ● No side effects
- 7. Functional Programming Languages ● Haskell ● Erlang/Elixir ● Common Lisp and more ● Scala ● JavaScript ● more
- 8. The functional programming Boom ● Physical constraints ● Need for: o Simple concurrency and parallelism o Easier vertical and horizontal scaling o Optimal utilization of resources
- 9. Emerging Languages ● Go ● Scala ● Erlang ● Elixir ● Rust ● Haskell ● Nim and more
- 10. Elixir? ● Built on top of the Erlang VM ● Compiles down to BEAM bytecode
- 11. Wth is Erlang? ● Designed for scalability and real-time systems ● Functional ● Simplifies concurrent programming ● Fault-tolerant (‘let it crash’ philosophy) ● Bytecode runs on the Erlang VM
- 12. Erlang is used by ● Facebook (Chat) ● Amazon ● Whatsapp ● Yahoo! ● Heroku ● Github ● and more
- 13. Story of Whatsapp ● 2 Million connections on a single node ● 450 Million users handled by 32 engineers ● Acquired by Facebook for $19 Billion ● Backend powered by Erlang
- 14. Elixir ● Dynamic ● Functional ● Built on top of the Erlang VM o implies Concurrent, Distributed and Fault-tolerant ● 1.0.0 was released in Sep 2014 ● Created by Jose Valim
- 15. Why use Elixir? ● All the benefits of Erlang ● Easily reuse Erlang libraries o No additional performance costs ● Better tooling, which allows for greater productivity ● Better syntax ● Simplified metaprogramming
- 16. Concurrency! Concurrency in erlang/elixir vs other languages is like branching in git vs subversion. ● Its simple and cheap
- 17. Everything is an expression
- 19. Datatypes ● Atoms ● Integers ● Floating point numbers ● Binaries ● Tuples ● Lists ● Strings and Character lists ● Maps, Hashdicts and Keyword Lists
- 20. Modules ● Means of organizing code ● Contains all named functions
- 21. Functions ● Elixir functions are defined by: o Name o Arity ● Types of functions o Anonymous & Inline Anonymous inherits scope o Named does not inherit scope
- 22. Pattern Matching ● Assert, not assign ● Equals sign isn’t really assignment, its more like an assertion ● Behaviour of tuples, lists and variables in pattern matching is important to understand ● Ignore values using _ ● Force use variables using ^
- 23. Pipeline operator |> ● Formulating transformation of data ● Similar to Linux pipes ● Making functions/methods composable ● Data |> Method 1 |> Method 2 |> Method 3
- 24. Live Examples ● Sum, Multiply ● Factorial, Fibonacci, GCD ● List operations ● File operations ● Maps, Typed maps
- 25. Tooling ● Mix, a wonderful build system ● First class documentation o Inline documentation o Doctests ● Dependency Management using Mix ● Testing library included
- 26. Topics not covered ● Mix, `maven` for Elixir o compatible with hex, the `maven` for Erlang ● OTP ● Metaprogramming ● Protocols ● Structs ● Streams, Enumerables, Collectables
- 27. Elixir frameworks ● Phoenix: Web framework ● Ecto: LINQ for Elixir More: Awesome Elixir List
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