The document discusses using a message enricher in Mulesoft to enrich messages by adding additional data from external sources. It provides an example of using an enricher to lookup the two-letter state based on the zip code contained in the original message. The enricher calls an external resource, retrieves the state, and adds it to the message as a new variable before sending it to the target system. This allows target systems to receive messages with more information than what the source system originally provided.