The Ring programming language version 1.3 book - Part 88 of 88
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This document provides summaries of various topics in Ring documentation: - It describes different scopes in Ring including three main scopes: global, class, and local scopes. Class methods can access objects using braces. - It discusses scope rules for functions and methods, how Ring finds variables and functions, and issues around sharing names between functions and methods. - It briefly introduces several Ring standard library classes and security/internet functions for encryption, hashing, file operations and sending emails.
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The Ring programming language version 1.3 book - Part 88 of 88
- 1. Ring Documentation, Release 1.3 Creating a Class for each Window in GUI applica- tions, 527 Defining Variables and Variables Access, 519 How Ring find the Variable?, 520 Introduction, 518 Summary of Scope Rules, 532 The Self Object, 520 Three Scopes, 519 Using Braces to access objects inside Class Methods, 523 Using braces to escape from the current object scope, 531 Using Object.Attribute, 520 Scope Rules for Functions and Methods Calling a function sharing the name with a method in the current class, 536 Example about Sharing Names between Functions and Methods, 534 How Ring find a functions and methods?, 534 Introduction, 533 ScriptFunctions Class Web Development (CGI Library), 322 Search Lists, 106 Search of global names while defining the class attributes Frequently Asked Questions, 792 Security and Internet Functions Decrypt(), 180 Download(), 182 Encrypt(), 180 Example, 181 File Hash, 181 Introduction, 177 MD5(), 178 RandBytes(), 181 SendEmail(), 182 SHA1(), 178 SHA224(), 180 SHA256(), 179 SHA384(), 180 SHA512(), 179 Security Class Stdlib Classes, 254 Send Parameters Functions, 100 SendEmail() Security and Internet Functions, 182 Serial Execution of Programs Embedding Ring in Ring, 574 Set List Item Lists, 105 setattribute() Reflection and Meta-programming, 215 Setter and Getter Object Oriented Programming, 187 SHA1() Security and Internet Functions, 178 SHA224() Security and Internet Functions, 180 SHA256() Security and Internet Functions, 179 SHA384() Security and Internet Functions, 180 SHA512() Security and Internet Functions, 179 Shared Libraries Extension, 584 Short-circuit evaluation Control Structures - First Style, 86 sign() Stdlib Functions, 224 Simple Language Design, 14 Simple Client and Server Example Desktop and Mobile Development, 469 Sin() Implementation Extension, 580 Single: Desktop and Mobile Development Introduction, 402 sleep() Stdlib Functions, 230 Smart Garbage Collector Language Design, 22 Sort() Lists, 106 Sort() and List of Objects Object Oriented Programming, 192 Sound Class Game Engine for 2D Games, 354 Source Code File Sections Program Structure, 103 space() Low Level Functions, 565 Special thanks to contributors How to contribute?, 56 split() Stdlib Functions, 221 splitmany() Stdlib Functions, 221 Sprite Automatic Movement Game Engine for 2D Games, 361 Sprite Class Game Engine for 2D Games, 353 Sprite Keypress Event Game Engine for 2D Games, 362 Sprite Mouse Event Game Engine for 2D Games, 363 Sprite State Event Index 848
- 2. Ring Documentation, Release 1.3 Game Engine for 2D Games, 364 SQLite Introduction, 174 sqlite_close(), 175 sqlite_execute(), 175 sqlite_init(), 175 sqlite_open(), 175 SQLite Class Stdlib Classes, 253 sqlite_close() SQLite, 175 sqlite_execute() SQLite, 175 sqlite_init() SQLite, 175 sqlite_open() SQLite, 175 Squares Puzzle Game Applications developed in little hours, 4 Stack Class Stdlib Classes, 238 Stars Fighter Game Game Engine for 2D Games, 373 startswith() Stdlib Functions, 225 StdBase Class Stdlib Classes, 233 Stdlib Classes Conversion Class, 250 DataType Class, 249 DateTime Class, 244 Debug Class, 248 File Class, 246 HashTable Class, 239 Internet Class, 255 Introduction, 232 List Class, 236 Math Class, 241 MySQL Class, 252 ODBC Class, 251 Queue Class, 238 Security Class, 254 SQLite Class, 253 Stack Class, 238 StdBase Class, 233 String Class, 234 System Class, 247 Tree Class, 240 Stdlib Functions apppath(), 219 binarydigits(), 228 capitalized(), 222 changestring(), 230 dayofweek(), 229 direxists(), 231 endswith(), 225 evenorodd(), 226 factorial(), 223 factors(), 227 fibonacci(), 223 file2list(), 224 filter(), 220 gcd(), 225 getnumber(), 218 getstring(), 218 Introduction, 217 isleapyear(), 227 ismainsourcefile(), 231 isprime(), 223 isspecial(), 222 isvowel(), 222 JustFileName(), 219 JustFilePath(), 219 lcm(), 226 linecount(), 223 list2file(), 224 makedir(), 231 map(), 220 matrixmulti(), 228 matrixtrans(), 228 newlist(), 221 palindrome(), 227 permutation(), 229 print(), 218 prodlist(), 226 puts(), 218 readline(), 229 sign(), 224 sleep(), 230 split(), 221 splitmany(), 221 startswith(), 225 substring(), 230 sumlist(), 226 times(), 220 value(), 220 StdLib functions and classes written in Ring What is new in Ring 1.1?, 46 Step Option Control Structures - First Style, 84 Str2Hex() Data Type, 128 str2list() and list2str() Strings, 116 strcmp() Strings, 116 String Class Stdlib Classes, 234 Index 849
- 3. Ring Documentation, Release 1.3 String Literals Strings, 112 String() Data Type, 126 Strings Access String Letters, 112 Convert Letters Case, 112 Copy(), 114 Find SubString, 115 Get Number of Characters from position, 115 Get String Length, 112 Get Substring from position to end, 115 Introduction, 111 Left(), 113 Lines(), 114 Right(), 113 str2list() and list2str(), 116 strcmp(), 116 String Literals, 112 Substr(), 114 Transform Substring To Another Substring, 115 Trim(), 114 StyleFunctions Class Web Development (CGI Library), 322 Substr() Strings, 114 substring() Stdlib Functions, 230 sumlist() Stdlib Functions, 226 Summary of Scope Rules Scope Rules, 532 Super Man 2016 Game Game Engine for 2D Games, 388 Swap Items Lists, 111 Switch Between Two Images RingLibSDL, 343 Switch Statement Control Structures - First Style, 82 Control Structures - Second Style, 89 Control Structures - Third Style, 92 Syntax Flexibility Change Language Keywords, 538 Change Language Operators, 539 Introduction, 537 Load Syntax Files, 539 Using ’case’ as ’on’ in switch statements, 545 Using ’def’ as ’func’ in functions/methods defini- tion, 545 Using ’put’ and ’get’ as ’see’ and ’give’, 545 Using () around the function parameters, 539 in the start of the variable name, 542 Using braces to start and end different control struc- tures, 544 Using Semi-colon after and between statements, 541 Using the ’else’ keyword as ’other’ in switch state- ment, 542 Using the ’elseif’ keyword as ’but’ in if statement, 542 Using the ’end’ keyword in different control struc- tures, 543 What is new in Ring 1.1?, 43 SysGet() Function System Functions, 144 System Class Stdlib Classes, 247 System Functions ChDir() Function, 149 CurrentDir() Function, 148 Example, 146 ExeFileName() Function, 149 ExeFolder() Function, 149 Get Active Source File Name, 148 Get Command Line Arguments, 147 Introduction, 143 IsAndroid() Function, 146 IsFreeBSD() Function, 146 IsLinux() Function, 146 IsMacOSX() Function, 145 IsMSDOS() Function, 145 IsUnix() Function, 145 IsWindows() Function, 145 IsWindows64() Function, 145 PrevFileName() Function, 148 SysGet() Function, 144 System() Function, 144 Version() Function, 149 Windowsnl() Function, 146 System() Function System Functions, 144 Tempfile() Files, 138 Templates Web Development (CGI Library), 287 Tempname() Files, 138 Testing How to contribute?, 56 Text Class Game Engine for 2D Games, 353 The Cards Game Demo Programs, 491 Desktop and Mobile Development, 491 The Designer Windows Form Designer, 512 Index 850
- 4. Ring Documentation, Release 1.3 The Difference between Qt and RingQt Desktop and Mobile Development, 501 The documentation says functional programming is sup- ported, but then this happens? Frequently Asked Questions, 785 The First GUI Application Desktop and Mobile Development, 403 The Properties Form Designer, 512 The Self Object Scope Rules, 520 Threads Graphics and Game Programming, 340 Threads Support Code Generator, 595 Three Scopes Scope Rules, 519 TicTacToe Game Applications developed in little hours, 3 Time() Date and Time, 118 TimeList() Date and Time, 119 times() Stdlib Functions, 220 Transaction Example MySQL Functions, 173 Transactions and Using Commit and Rollback ODBC Functions, 163 Transform Substring To Another Substring Strings, 115 Transparent Image Graphics and Game Programming, 339 Transparent Implementation Language Design, 16 Tree Class Stdlib Classes, 240 Trim() Strings, 114 TrueType Fonts Graphics and Game Programming, 336 Try/Carch/Done Eval() and Debugging, 150 Trying to be natural Language Design, 15 Type() Data Type, 122 Ungetc() Files, 140 Unsigned() Mathematical Functions, 132 Update the Android SDK Building RingQt Applications for Mobile, 503 Upload Files Web Development (CGI Library), 281 URL Encode Web Development (CGI Library), 286 Use TTF Fonts RingLibSDL, 345 Users registration and Login Web Development (CGI Library), 307 Using ’<’ and ’:’ operators as ’from’ keyword What is new in Ring 1.3?, 32 Using ’case’ as ’on’ in switch statements Syntax Flexibility, 545 Using ’def’ as ’func’ in functions/methods definition Syntax Flexibility, 545 Using ’put’ and ’get’ as ’see’ and ’give’ Syntax Flexibility, 545 Using () around the function parameters Syntax Flexibility, 539 in the start of the variable name Syntax Flexibility, 542 Using Atom Using Other Code Editors, 73 Using Bootstrap Library using Functions Web Development (CGI Library), 301 Using Bootstrap Library using Objects Web Development (CGI Library), 302 Using Braces to access objects inside Class Methods Scope Rules, 523 Using braces to escape from the current object scope Scope Rules, 531 Using braces to start and end different control structures Syntax Flexibility, 544 Using C/C++ Compiler and Linker Distributing Ring Application, 548 Using configuration file that wrap C++ library Code Generator, 597 Using Emacs Editor Using Other Code Editors, 75 Using Eval() with our Natural Code Natural Language Programming, 266 Using Geany Using Other Code Editors, 72 Using Layout Desktop and Mobile Development, 404 Using Layouts Form Designer, 518 Using Lists during definition Lists, 109 Using Many Source Code Files Program Structure, 103 Using Notepad++ Using Other Code Editors, 71 Using NULL instead of NULLPointer() What is new in Ring 1.2?, 40 Index 851
- 5. Ring Documentation, Release 1.3 Using Object.Attribute Scope Rules, 520 Using Other Code Editors Introduction, 70 Using Atom, 73 Using Emacs Editor, 75 Using Geany, 72 Using Notepad++, 71 Using Sublime Text 2, 74 Using Visual Studio IDE, 75 Using QCheckBox Desktop and Mobile Development, 430 Using QComboBox Class Desktop and Mobile Development, 412 Using QDateEdit Desktop and Mobile Development, 425 Using QDesktopWidget Class Desktop and Mobile Development, 464 Using QDial Desktop and Mobile Development, 426 Using QDockWidget Desktop and Mobile Development, 418 Using QFrame Desktop and Mobile Development, 435 Using QInputDialog Class Desktop and Mobile Development, 456 Using qLCDNumber Desktop and Mobile Development, 453 Using QProgressBar Desktop and Mobile Development, 422 Using QProgressBar and Timer Desktop and Mobile Development, 445 Using QRadioButton and QButtonGroup Desktop and Mobile Development, 431 Using QSlider Desktop and Mobile Development, 423 Using QSpinBox Desktop and Mobile Development, 423 Using QTableWidget Desktop and Mobile Development, 421 Using QTabWidget Desktop and Mobile Development, 419 Using QTreeView and QFileSystemModel Desktop and Mobile Development, 410 Using QTreeWidget and QTreeWidgetItem Desktop and Mobile Development, 411 Using QWebView Desktop and Mobile Development, 429 Using RingZip Classes RingZip, 327 Using Self.Attribute Object Oriented Programming, 194 Using Self.Attribute in the Class Region to define new at- tributes What is new in Ring 1.1?, 50 Using Semi-colon after and between statements Syntax Flexibility, 541 Using Sublime Text 2 Using Other Code Editors, 74 Using the ’else’ keyword as ’other’ in switch statement Syntax Flexibility, 542 Using the ’elseif’ keyword as ’but’ in if statement Syntax Flexibility, 542 Using the ’end’ keyword in different control structures Syntax Flexibility, 543 Using the QColorDialog Class Desktop and Mobile Development, 452 Using the QFileDialog Class Desktop and Mobile Development, 447 Using the QListWidget Class Desktop and Mobile Development, 407 Using the QTextEdit Class Desktop and Mobile Development, 406 Using the QTimer Class Desktop and Mobile Development, 444 Using the tool Code Generator, 589 Using This.Attribute in nested Braces inside the Class Methods What is new in Ring 1.1?, 50 Using Visual Studio IDE Using Other Code Editors, 75 value() Stdlib Functions, 220 Variables Deep Copy, 77 Dynamic Typing, 77 Introduction, 76 Weakly Typed, 78 Variables Scope Functions, 101 varptr() Low Level Functions, 565 Version() Function System Functions, 149 Virtual Machine Instructions Reference, 818 Visual Implementation Language Design, 17 Weakly Typed Variables, 78 Web Development (CGI Library) Application Class, 319 Configure the Apache web server, 272 Cookies, 284 CRUD Example using MVC, 305 Index 852
- 6. Ring Documentation, Release 1.3 Database, ModelBase & ControllerBase classes, 313 Generating Pages using Objects, 296 Gradient, 295 Hash Functions, 290 Hello World Program using the Web Library, 273 HTML Lists, 293 HTML Special Characters, 289 HTML Tables, 294 HTTP Get Example, 274 HTTP POST Example, 279 Introduction, 271 Page Class, 320 Random Image, 292 Ring CGI Hello World Program, 273 ScriptFunctions Class, 322 StyleFunctions Class, 322 Templates, 287 Upload Files, 281 URL Encode, 286 Users registration and Login, 307 Using Bootstrap Library using Functions, 301 Using Bootstrap Library using Objects, 302 Web Library Features, 274 WebLib API, 318 Web Library Features Web Development (CGI Library), 274 WebLib API Web Development (CGI Library), 318 Weight History Application Desktop and Mobile Development, 472 Werdy Application Applications developed in little hours, 4 What about predefined parameters or optional parameters in functions? Frequently Asked Questions, 794 What about the Boolean values in Ring? Frequently Asked Questions, 787 What are the advantages to using Ring over C# or Java? Frequently Asked Questions, 785 What are the advantages to using Ring over Lisp or Smalltalk? Frequently Asked Questions, 782 What are the advantages to using Ring over native C or C++? Frequently Asked Questions, 783 What are the advantages to using Ring over Python and Ruby? Frequently Asked Questions, 784 What are the advantages to using Ring over Tcl and Lua? Frequently Asked Questions, 785 What happens when we create a new object? Frequently Asked Questions, 790 What is new in Ring 1.1? Better Code Generator for Extensions, 50 Better Documentation, 50 Better Natural Language Programming Support, 42 Game Engine for 2D Games, 48 Generate/Execute Ring Object Files (*.ringo), 43 Introduction, 41 List of changes and new features, 42 New Functions and Changes, 45 RingLibSDL, 48 RingSQLite, 49 StdLib functions and classes written in Ring, 46 Syntax Flexibility, 43 Using Self.Attribute in the Class Region to define new attributes, 50 Using This.Attribute in nested Braces inside the Class Methods, 50 What is new in Ring 1.2? Better Call Command, 40 Better Functions, 37 Better Quality, 40 Better Ring Notepad, 37 Better RingQt, 37 Display Warnings Option, 40 Introduction, 35 List of changes and new features, 36 New Functions, 36 Objects Library for RingQt, 38 RingLibCurl, 39 Using NULL instead of NULLPointer(), 40 What is new in Ring 1.3? Better Loop|Exit Command, 31 Better Ring Notepad, 27 Better RingQt, 23 Better StdLib, 31 Embedding Ring in Ring without sharing the State, 33 Form Designer, 34 Introduction, 22 List of changes and new features, 23 New Functions, 32 Return Self by Reference, 32 Ring mode for Emacs Editor, 30 RingZip Library, 33 Using ’<’ and ’:’ operators as ’from’ keyword, 32 What is the difference between Ring and Python? And is Ring Open Source? Frequently Asked Questions, 783 Where can I write a program and execute it? Frequently Asked Questions, 793 While Loop Control Structures - First Style, 83 Control Structures - Third Style, 93 Why do we need Yet Another Programming Language (YAPL)? Frequently Asked Questions, 781 Index 853
- 7. Ring Documentation, Release 1.3 Why I get a strange result when printing nl with lists? Frequently Asked Questions, 795 Why I get Calling Function without definition Error? Frequently Asked Questions, 806 Why Ring is largely focussed on UI creation? Frequently Asked Questions, 783 Why Ring is weakly typed? Frequently Asked Questions, 782 Why Ring uses ’See’, ’Give’, ’But’ and ’Ok’ Keywords? Frequently Asked Questions, 786 Why Ring? Language Design, 14 Why setClickEvent() doesn’t see the object methods di- rectly? Frequently Asked Questions, 806 Why the ability to define your own languages Instead of just handing over the syntax so you can parse it using whatever code you like? Frequently Asked Questions, 786 Why the window title bar is going outside the screen? Frequently Asked Questions, 800 Why this example use the GetChar() twice? Frequently Asked Questions, 797 Why we don’t use () after the qApp class name? Frequently Asked Questions, 800 Why you can specify the number of loops you want to break out of? Frequently Asked Questions, 786 Window Flags Form Designer, 517 Windowsnl() Function System Functions, 146 Wrap structures Code Generator, 591 Wrapping C++ Classes Code Generator, 596 Write file using Write() Files, 135 Writing Comments Getting Started - First Style, 59 Getting Started - Second Style, 61 Getting Started - Third Style, 63 Zip Class Reference RingZip, 329 ZipEntry Class Reference RingZip, 329 Index 854