Sql subquery

Aug 19, 20131 like649 views

A subquery, or nested query, allows a query to be run within another SQL statement. Subqueries return intermediate results that can be used by the outer query. They are useful when the exact value needed is unknown but can be determined by a separate SELECT statement. Subqueries can be used with SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements. Correlated subqueries depend on the outer query, while non-correlated subqueries operate independently.

8/10/13 SQL Subquery
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SQL Subquery
Subquery or Inner query or Nested query is a query in a query. A subquery is usually added in the WHERE
Clause of the sql statement. Most of the time, a subquery is used when you know how to search for a value
using a SELECT statement, but do not know the exact value.
Subqueries are an alternate way of returning data from multiple tables.
Subqueries can be used with the following sql statements along with the comparision operators like =, <, >, >=,
<= etc.
SELECT
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
Subquery Example:
1) Usually, a subquery should return only one record, but sometimes it can also return multiple records when
used with operators like IN, NOT IN in the where clause. The query would be like,
SELECT first_name, last_name, subject
FROM student_details
WHERE games NOT IN ('Cricket', 'Football');
The output would be similar to:
first_namelast_name subject
------------- -----------------------
Shekar Gowda Badminton
Priya Chandra Chess

8/10/13 SQL Subquery
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2) Lets consider the student_details table which we have used earlier. If you know the name of the students who
are studying science subject, you can get their id's by using this query below,
SELECT id, first_name
FROM student_details
WHERE first_name IN ('Rahul', 'Stephen');
but, if you do not know their names, then to get their id's you need to write the query in this manner,
SELECT id, first_name
FROM student_details
WHERE first_name IN (SELECT first_name
FROM student_details
WHERE subject= 'Science');
Output:
id first_name
-------- -------------
100 Rahul
102 Stephen
In the above sql statement, first the inner query is processed first and then the outer query is processed.
3) Subquery can be used with INSERT statement to add rows of data from one or more tables to another table.
Lets try to group all the students who study Maths in a table 'maths_group'.
INSERT INTO maths_group(id, name)
SELECT id, first_name || ' ' || last_name
FROM student_details WHERE subject= 'Maths'
4) A subquery can be used in the SELECT statement as follows. Lets use the product and order_items table
defined in the sql_joins section.
select p.product_name, p.supplier_name, (select order_id from order_items where
product_id = 101) as order_id from product p where p.product_id = 101
product_namesupplier_nameorder_id
------------------ ------------------ ----------
Television Onida 5103
Correlated Subquery
A query is called correlated subquery when both the inner query and the outer query are interdependent. For
every row processed by the inner query, the outer query is processed as well. The inner query depends on the
outer query before it can be processed.

8/10/13 SQL Subquery
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SELECT p.product_name FROM product p
WHERE p.product_id = (SELECT o.product_id FROM order_items o
WHERE o.product_id = p.product_id);
NOTE:
1) You can nest as many queries you want but it is recommended not to nest more than 16 subqueries in oracle.
2) If a subquery is not dependent on the outer query it is called a non-correlated subquery.

Nested subqueries contain a subquery within another subquery to retrieve data from a table. Correlated subqueries reference columns from the outer query so the inner query is executed once for each row returned by the outer query. This document provides examples of using nested and correlated subqueries to find the third highest salary or details of employees with specific highest salaries from an employee table.

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Sub query_SQLCoT

A subquery is a SELECT statement embedded within another SQL statement. It allows queries to retrieve data from multiple tables or queries. There are two types of subqueries: single-row and multiple-row. Single-row subqueries return only one row of data and use single-row comparison operators like =. Multiple-row subqueries return more than one row of data and use operators like IN, ANY, ALL that can handle multiple values. Subqueries are useful for solving problems that require performing multiple related queries by nesting one query within another.

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This document discusses subqueries, which are inner queries that are nested within outer queries. It describes two types of subqueries: single-row subqueries that return one row and can be used with single-row operators like =, >, etc, and multiple-row subqueries that return multiple rows and use operators like IN, ANY, ALL. It provides examples of how to write different types of subqueries and the proper syntax to use, and common issues to avoid like using single-row operators with multiple-row subqueries.

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SQL is a standard language used to manage data in relational database systems. The SELECT statement is used to retrieve data from databases. It allows specifying columns, tables, filters and sorting. Common clauses include SELECT, FROM, WHERE, ORDER BY, and optional clauses like DISTINCT, GROUP BY and HAVING. Operators allow filtering rows by conditions, ranges, patterns and more. SQL is a non-procedural language used to perform queries, inserts, updates and deletes on a relational database.

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This document discusses subqueries, which are SELECT statements nested inside other SELECT statements. Subqueries can be used in the SELECT, FROM, WHERE, or HAVING clauses. They can return scalar values, lists, or correlated results depending on how they are used. Examples are provided to illustrate scalar, list, and correlated subqueries as well as common uses of subqueries to retrieve related data from different tables.

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This document provides an overview of pointers in C programming. It discusses declaring and initializing pointers, manipulating pointers using operators like asterisk and ampersand, pointer arithmetic, and using pointers to manipulate character arrays and two-dimensional arrays. Examples are provided to demonstrate declaring pointers, accessing values using pointers, incrementing pointers, and printing strings using pointers to a character array. The document also clarifies the difference between static and dynamic pointers.

C programming session 05Vivek Singh

This document discusses arrays in C programming. It covers one-dimensional and multi-dimensional arrays, including how to declare, initialize, and access array elements using subscripts. Preprocessor directives are also introduced, with #define explained as a way to define macros that substitute identifier names with values. The objectives are to learn about arrays and preprocessor directives in C.

C programming session 04Vivek Singh

This document outlines practice problems from chapters 1 and 2 of a programming in C course. Chapter 1 problems involve writing functions to display a character or string a specified number of times. Chapter 2 problems include using for loops to print patterns, calculating triangular numbers from user input, and determining if a number is even or odd. The overall objective is for students to practice concepts from the first two chapters.

C programming session 02Vivek Singh

This document provides an overview of operators, loops, and input/output functions in the C programming language. It begins by explaining different types of operators in C like relational, logical, unary, binary, ternary, and increment/decrement operators. Examples of using logical, unary, binary, and ternary operators are given. The document then discusses loops in C, specifically for loops. It provides examples of using loops to accept input until a certain condition is met. The key topics covered in 3 sentences or less are: types of operators in C, examples of using various operators, an overview of loops in C including for loops, and examples of using loops to accept input until a condition is met.

C programming session 01Vivek Singh

This document provides an overview of programming in C language. It discusses the benefits and features of C, data types in C including fundamental and derived types, functions and their structure, input-output functions, and control structures like conditional statements (if-else, switch-case) and loops (while, do-while). Examples are given for defining variables, writing functions, accepting user input, and using control structures. Practice problems are included to write functions demonstrating various C concepts.

C programming session 16Vivek Singh

This 3 slide document outlines practice questions from Chapters 7 and 8 of a Programming in C session. Slide 1 introduces that practice questions from the two chapters will be covered. Slide 2 contains a single practice question asking the reader to write a program to display the structure of a database file. Slide 3 lists two additional practice questions: the first asks the reader to read and print a file after the first 10 characters, while the second instructs them to write their name 10 characters from the end of the file and use the exit() function if unable to write or open the file.

Niit aptitude question paperVivek Singh

The passage criticizes arguments that attempt to distinguish social sciences from physical sciences methodologically. It argues that examples claiming greater difficulties formulating theories in social sciences do not relate to how such theories are verified. The author believes theories in social sciences are appropriately substantiated using the same experiments as physical sciences, distinguishing them technically but not theoretically. The Martian argument that social behaviors cannot be understood without social context is also criticized.

Excel shortcut and tipsVivek Singh

This document provides shortcuts for navigating and editing Excel. It includes shortcuts for entering and editing cell data, working with formulas, formatting cells, selecting ranges, moving within sheets, printing, using AutoFilter, and working with PivotTables. Shortcuts are provided for common tasks like copying/pasting, undoing actions, navigating sheets, and more. Menus and toolbars can also be accessed using keyboard shortcuts.

Sql where clauseVivek Singh

Sql update statementVivek Singh

The SQL UPDATE statement is used to modify existing rows in a table by setting column values to new values. It requires specifying the table name, the column names and values to update, and optionally a WHERE clause to identify which rows to update. Without a WHERE clause, all rows in the table will be updated. Examples are provided to update a single employee's location or increase all employee salaries by 20%.

Sql tutorial, tutorials sqlVivek Singh

This tutorial teaches the basics of SQL and how to write SQL queries. SQL (Structured Query Language) is used to modify and access data from a database. It was first developed by IBM in the 1970s and has become a standard language used by most relational database management systems like Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, and Sybase. Some common SQL commands include SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE, WHERE, and ORDER BY clauses.

Sql renameVivek Singh

Sql query tips or query optimizationVivek Singh

Sql order by clauseVivek Singh

The document summarizes the SQL ORDER BY clause which is used to sort the results of a SELECT statement in ascending or descending order. It provides the syntax for using ORDER BY to sort by one or multiple columns. Examples are given to sort the records in an "employee" table by name, salary, or a combination of both columns in ascending and descending order. Expressions can also be used in the ORDER BY clause.

Sql operators comparision & logical operatorsVivek Singh

SQL operators include comparison operators like equals, not equals, less than, and greater than, which are used to filter data in the WHERE and HAVING clauses by comparing column values to specific values. Logical operators include AND, OR, and NOT, and are used to combine multiple comparison expressions in a condition. Comparison operators can also be used with the SELECT statement to filter the returned data.

C programming session 14Vivek Singh

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C programming session 10Vivek Singh

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C programming session 05Vivek Singh

C programming session 04Vivek Singh

C programming session 02Vivek Singh

C programming session 01Vivek Singh

C programming session 16Vivek Singh

Niit aptitude question paperVivek Singh

Excel shortcut and tipsVivek Singh

Sql where clauseVivek Singh

Sql update statementVivek Singh

Sql tutorial, tutorials sqlVivek Singh

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Sql query tips or query optimizationVivek Singh

Sql order by clauseVivek Singh

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Sql subquery

1. 8/10/13 SQL Subquery beginner-sql-tutorial.com/sql-subquery.htm 1/3 SQL Subquery Subquery or Inner query or Nested query is a query in a query. A subquery is usually added in the WHERE Clause of the sql statement. Most of the time, a subquery is used when you know how to search for a value using a SELECT statement, but do not know the exact value. Subqueries are an alternate way of returning data from multiple tables. Subqueries can be used with the following sql statements along with the comparision operators like =, <, >, >=, <= etc. SELECT INSERT UPDATE DELETE Subquery Example: 1) Usually, a subquery should return only one record, but sometimes it can also return multiple records when used with operators like IN, NOT IN in the where clause. The query would be like, SELECT first_name, last_name, subject FROM student_details WHERE games NOT IN ('Cricket', 'Football'); The output would be similar to: first_namelast_name subject ------------- ----------------------- Shekar Gowda Badminton Priya Chandra Chess

2. 8/10/13 SQL Subquery beginner-sql-tutorial.com/sql-subquery.htm 2/3 2) Lets consider the student_details table which we have used earlier. If you know the name of the students who are studying science subject, you can get their id's by using this query below, SELECT id, first_name FROM student_details WHERE first_name IN ('Rahul', 'Stephen'); but, if you do not know their names, then to get their id's you need to write the query in this manner, SELECT id, first_name FROM student_details WHERE first_name IN (SELECT first_name FROM student_details WHERE subject= 'Science'); Output: id first_name -------- ------------- 100 Rahul 102 Stephen In the above sql statement, first the inner query is processed first and then the outer query is processed. 3) Subquery can be used with INSERT statement to add rows of data from one or more tables to another table. Lets try to group all the students who study Maths in a table 'maths_group'. INSERT INTO maths_group(id, name) SELECT id, first_name || ' ' || last_name FROM student_details WHERE subject= 'Maths' 4) A subquery can be used in the SELECT statement as follows. Lets use the product and order_items table defined in the sql_joins section. select p.product_name, p.supplier_name, (select order_id from order_items where product_id = 101) as order_id from product p where p.product_id = 101 product_namesupplier_nameorder_id ------------------ ------------------ ---------- Television Onida 5103 Correlated Subquery A query is called correlated subquery when both the inner query and the outer query are interdependent. For every row processed by the inner query, the outer query is processed as well. The inner query depends on the outer query before it can be processed.

3. 8/10/13 SQL Subquery beginner-sql-tutorial.com/sql-subquery.htm 3/3 SELECT p.product_name FROM product p WHERE p.product_id = (SELECT o.product_id FROM order_items o WHERE o.product_id = p.product_id); NOTE: 1) You can nest as many queries you want but it is recommended not to nest more than 16 subqueries in oracle. 2) If a subquery is not dependent on the outer query it is called a non-correlated subquery.

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