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Security practices in OpenShift
- 1. Security Practices in OpenShift as experienced @ Amadeus Nenad Bogojević Amadeus S.A.S. Diogenes Rettori Red Hat 2017 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries
- 2. _Provides IT services for travel industry _Operates e-commerce web sites, payment processing, b2b services in travel _Using OpenShift 3 since 2 years • In own datacenters, in public clouds 2 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries Amadeus In one slide
- 3. _Protecting assets • computing capacity, data _Personal information • General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) _e-Commerce & payment processing • PCI/DSS 3 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries Why security And not the one like in picture
- 4. _OpenShift & Containers • Lot of things are changing • Old rules may not be applicable • Risks are still out there 4 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries How? To be better than the one like in picture
- 5. _OpenShift & Containers • Lot of things are changing • Old rules may not be applicable • Risks are still out there EVERYONE ON BOARD 5 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries How? To be better than the one like in picture
- 8. Use OpenStack on our hardware Or public cloud providers 8 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries Preparing infrastructure And security _Pre-constructed VM images • mirrored repositories & registries • scanned using OpenSCAP _Network design • Where are DMZ and layered protection? • OpenStack – security groups _Access control (bastion server) _Upgrade policy • Rebuild vs rolling • Bi-weekly/monthly
- 9. 9 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries OpenShift Security Architecture Different kind of network zones Users DevOps Developers App Nodes Infra Nodes Bastion Repository CI/CD SSH Masters HTTPS Repository pull SDN @
- 12. 12 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries Let’s login! oc login -u system:admin
- 15. _Way of managing & distributing sensitive information • keys, certificates, passwords, usernames _Separate sensitive information management from application pods • Secured delivery to nodes (TLS) • Only present in memory on openshift nodes • Centralized management • Easy access from application • Environment variables • Volumes 15 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries OpenShift Secrets Decoupling sensitive information from applications
- 16. 16 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries Using Secrets Security as code apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: use-secret-pod spec: containers: - name: secret-test-container image: myapp env: - name: SECRET_USERNAME valueFrom: secretKeyRef: name: top-secret key: username restartPolicy: Always apiVersion: v1 kind: Secret metadata: name: top-secret data: username: bmVuYWQ= password: aWtuZXd5b3V3b3VsZHRyeXRoaXM= Masters
- 17. _Stored in (almost) clear • in etcd on masters • on tmp storage on nodes • accessible through API _How about vaults? 17 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries OpenShift Secrets – „Less Great Things“ Handbrake for certification
- 18. _You already have big issue if someone compromised your infrastructure _Encrypt disks _Store in vault, with decryption service • Side-car or init containers • Security as a service _Compensating controls 18 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries Some solutions It’s not show-stopper
- 19. _OpenShift provides log of activities that have affected system by individual users, administrators, or other components of the system. _Activate on master /etc/origin/master/master-config.yaml 19 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries OpenShift Audit Log auditConfig: enabled: true AUDIT: id="5c3b8227-4af9-4322-8a71-542231c3887b" ip="127.0.0.1" method="GET" user="nenad" as="<self>" namespace="someproject" uri="/api/v1/namespaces/someproject/secrets" AUDIT: id="5c3b8227-4af9-4322-8a71-542231c3887b" response="401"
- 20. 20 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries auditd introduction audit.log rsyslog Alerting system auditd rules -a always,exit -S <syscall> -w <filename>
- 21. _OpenShift master - know if someone plays with etcd 21 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries auditd rules for masters Monitoring etcd -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat -S open -S openat -S open_by_handle_at -S truncate -S ftruncate –F dir=/var/lib/etcd -k openshift_etcd
- 22. _Secrets mounted as tmpfs inside /var/lib/opesnift. _When new secret is mounted add it to auditd rules • When new secret is unmounted remove it to from auditd rules _All monitorable secrets must have certain string in name • (e.g. secret~example) _If you open or close secrets often, it may generate a lot of messages 22 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries ..and on nodes Monitoring secret findmnt --list --noheadings --types tmpfs --poll --output ACTION,TARGET | grep secret~example | awk ‘$1 == “mount” { print $2 }‘ | xargs -L 1 -i auditctl --a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S creat -S open -S openat -S open_by_handle_at -S truncate -S ftruncate -F dir={} -k openshift_secret findmnt --list --noheadings --types tmpfs --poll --output ACTION,TARGET | grep secret~example | awk ‘$1 == “unmount” { print $2 }‘ | xargs -L 1 -i auditctl --d always,exit -F arch=64 -S creat -S open -S openat -S open_by_handle_at -S truncate -S ftruncate -F dir={} -k openshift_secret
- 23. 23 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries More use of auditd With the help of openscap
- 24. _Secure communication inside or outside your cluster _Service annotated with service.alpha.openshift.io/serving-cert-secret- name=name _Certificate automatically generated and provided as a secret to pod _Clients can rely on automatically mounted CA /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ service-ca.crt 24 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries Service Signing Certificate clientpod mongodb.myproject.svc
- 26. • We want to empower developer • Let’s be agile! • Run as root • Privileged containers – hostpath • port < 1000 • Running old containers • FROM httpd:2.4.12 • There’s this cool blackhat/jboss container on docker hub, let’s pull it 26 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries Containers & Developers
- 27. • We want to empower developer • Let’s be agile! • Run as root • Privileged containers – hostpath • port < 1000 • Running old containers • FROM httpd:2.4.12 • There’s this cool blackhat/jboss container on docker hub, let’s pull it 27 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries Containers & Developers When will they learn!
- 28. _Support arbitrary user ids • Use root group chown -R someuser:root /app && chmod –R g+rwX /app _Your application needs to listen on port 80? • Can’t you change it? _Use SCC (Security Context Constraint) • privileged containers, host paths, user id, FS Groups, selinux, capabilities _seccomp if you want to restrict even more 28 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries Root Access Not allowed apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: httpd spec: ports: - port: 80 targetPort: 10080 protocol: TCP
- 29. _All images come from internal registry _Using RHEL as base images • RedHat repository mirrored into internal _Other images must be built internally from source code _No automatic access to docker hub from build machines _Production access it’s own repository with only validated images 29 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries Image control Secured source access.redhat.com/containers
- 30. _Can we run security scan on image before it runs? • image-inspector • oscap-docker _Run OpenSCAP on a docker image and serve result docker run -ti --rm --privileged -p 8080:8080 -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock openshift/image-inspector --image=some-application:20 --path=/tmp/image-content --serve 0.0.0.0:8080 --scan- type=openscap _Used during build process 30 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries Old images and security vulnerabilities image-inspector
- 31. _Platform can be secured from container vulnerabilities • containers do bring risk, but it can be managed _Platform will not solve application vulnerabilities • but it can help • true multitenancy is complex _Start with the principle of least access • grant new capabilities to applications only when needed 31 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries Guiding thoughts
- 32. Encryption of Secrets! Network policies – internal and egress Generic/pluggable image-inspector? More fine-grained RBAC. 32 ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries What we miss This might be roadmap
- 33. Thank you! ©AmadeusITGroupanditsaffiliatesandsubsidiaries You can follow us on: AmadeusITgroup amadeus.com amadeus.com/blog