Problem tree analysis
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Problem tree analysis is a tool that helps illustrate the relationships between complex issues by organizing them hierarchically. It is used to link various factors that may contribute to an institutional problem, identify the underlying root causes of an issue, and distinguish between effects and their deeper causes. The process involves selecting a focal problem, then developing a tree structure with the direct and substantial causes branching down from the problem, and effects branching above. This helps guide advisers to prioritize addressing the critical underlying issues.
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COM 600 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric Overview LynellBull52 COM 600 Final Project Guidelines and Rubric
Overview
The final project for this course is the creation of a leadership communication analysis and leadership communication plan.
Can we learn from the past to prepare for the future? It is a common refrain in the business world. However, nowhere are the lessons of the past more helpful
than in the field of corporate communications. All of us have seen, at one time or another, a company failing to get out the proper message. Whether it is about a
product recall or an unforeseen corporate crisis, companies can be slow to react and their reactions are not always the most appropriate for the situation at
hand.
Being an effective leader is more than just making an impressive speech. The most important aspect of communication is not speaking, but listening. To be an
effective speaker, you have to know that your message is being received and is being received in the manner that is expected. This paradox is what leads to most
communications problems in the corporate world. In this course, you will explore examples of leadership communications and learn not only how they do or do
not effectively reach their audiences, but the impact leadership communications can have on an organization. This experience will expose you to appropriate
ways of communicating as a leader and proper strategies and approaches to leadership.
For the summative assessment in this course, you will review an example of a leadership communication, discern how the plan could be improved in reaching
internal and external audiences, and determine its impact on the organization responsible for the communication. Then you will develop a leadership
communication plan designed to inform future leadership communications of the organization. This summative assessment will prepare you to create future
leadership communications and take advantage of future leadership opportunities.
The project is divided into three milestones, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality final
submissions. These milestones will be submitted in Modules Two, Four, and Six. The final product will be submitted in Module Nine.
In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes:
Evaluate the effectiveness of leadership communications of an organization for both internal and external audiences
Analyze the challenges and opportunities in creating a positive organizational culture for how they impact organizational growth
Develop strategies for developing future leadership communications directed to both internal and external audiences that are supported by systems
theory and best practices
Develop ethical frameworks for leadership for organizational decision-making regarding the development of leadership communications
Recommend improvements to leadership communications for guiding management on effectively delivering c ...
Callahan-Sherwood 2006 MAM Strategic Process Paper
Callahan-Sherwood 2006 MAM Strategic Process PaperJoshua T. Callahan, M.A. Midwest Academy of Management 2006 Paper on Strategic Process Consulting and Problem Based Learning.
Mtm6 white paper issue analysis
Mtm6 white paper issue analysisIntelCollab.com Issue analysis aids strategic intelligence efforts by helping companies anticipate changes in their external environments and shape public policy. It involves identifying issues, analyzing them based on factors like impact and probability, and selecting issues for action. Key steps are issue identification through methods like media scanning, assessment using matrices to evaluate impact and probability, and selecting a response strategy like altering behavior, contesting the issue, or ignoring it. Issue analysis supports decision-making by prioritizing issues and recommending where to focus resources.
CHAPTER SIXNeeds Assessment A Lighthouse BeaconCatherine M. .docx
CHAPTER SIXNeeds Assessment A Lighthouse BeaconCatherine M. .docxmccormicknadine86 CHAPTER SIX
Needs Assessment: A Lighthouse Beacon*
Catherine M. Sleezer
Darlene Russ-Eft
Those who captain ships at sea rely on a lighthouse beacon to mark a safe path to the journey’s end. The bright, flashing light mounted on a tall tower that is visible over the horizon also reveals underwater areas that are too risky, too shallow, or too dangerous for safe passage. The lighthouse beacon for human learning, training, and performance improvement initiatives—whether labeled as needs analysis, needs assessment, or some other term—is a type of evaluation that lights the path for completing an initiative and reveals places that are too risky, dangerous, or shallow for safe passage. Such analysis takes more time and planning than simply moving forward to implement solutions; it does, however, avoid costly mistakes and greatly increases the likelihood of an initiative’s success.
Indeed, evaluation expertise applied at the beginning of a project to assess needs (predictive analysis) may provide a higher return on investment than the evaluation expertise that is applied after a project is completed (summative evaluation) (Bahlis, 2008; Sleezer, 1990). Such analysis can link learning and performance improvement expertise to an organization’s strategic needs, its mission and goals, and the perceived issues. For a useful visual of this linkage, see the Pershing Performance Analysis Model (Haig & Addison, 2008).
In this chapter, we set the stage by first defining the term needs assessment and describing some needs assessment models and approaches. Then we discuss evaluation standards and principles that are especially important when planning, implementing, or evaluating a needs assessment, and we show how the standards and principles can be applied.
WHAT IS NEEDS ASSESSMENT?
Needs assessment is a diagnostic process for determining the important learning and performance needs in the situation and how to best address them. A “need” is the gap between the current condition and the desired condition. The indicators that a needs assessment should be implemented include dissatisfaction and growing concerns with a current learning, training, or performance situation; a sense that there are gaps in accomplishments, processes, or capacity; and the willingness to expend resources to improve the situation. Sometimes, a needs assessment targets a subset of gaps (for example, critical incident analysis, audience analysis, technology analysis, situational analysis, media analysis, and cost analysis).
Needs assessments are implemented in situations that are dynamic, where some information is unknown and where key players may disagree about the information that is known. Moreover, a needs assessment either supports or challenges the current power structure. In such situations, sound evaluation practices keep a needs assessment grounded and assure the integrity of the process and results.
Implementing a needs assessment involves data collection and analysis and collabo ...
Swot analysis
Swot analysisMisbah Ishaq The document provides an overview of a SWOT analysis for schools. It explains that a SWOT analysis is a tool that can help schools analyze their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. It discusses how internal strengths and weaknesses relate to factors within a school's control, while external opportunities and threats involve factors outside a school's control. The document provides examples of different strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats a school may want to consider in a SWOT analysis.
Example of use of theory in assignments.pdfExample of use .docx
Example of use of theory in assignments.pdfExample of use .docxcravennichole326 Example of use of theory in assignments.pdf
Example of use of theory in assignments
The value expectancy theory (Waddell, Cummings, &
Worley, 2011) suggests that Woolworths use visibility of
rewards to motivate staff by announcing best performing
staff in the monthly newsletter and presenting awards at
regular staff meetings. This seems to work well as staff all say
the awards are something they look forward to and they are
very proud when they receive an award.
Comment [u1]: Reference to theory
Comment [u2]: Application of the
theory
Comment [u3]: Analysis/discussion
Executive Summaries Guide.pdf
Page 1
Examples of Executive Summaries – Good and Bad
The following two examples are from UniLearning. The UniLearning website was
developed through a National Teaching Development Grant provided by the
Committee for University Teaching and Staff Development
http://unilearning.uow.edu.au/report/4bi1.html
This is a GOOD example of an executive summary from a marketing report:
This report was commissioned to examine why the sales volume of
Choice Chocolate has dropped over the past two years since its peak
in 1998 and to recommend ways of increasing the volume.
The research draws attention to the fact that in 1998, the market share
of Choice Chocolate was 37%. The shares of their key competitors
such as Venus and Bradbury were 22% and 18% respectively. The
size of the chocolate market then was $36 million. Over the next two
years, although Choice Chocolate retained its market share the volume
of sales in the whole market decreased to $29 million. Further
investigations reveal that this market shrinkage coincided with an
increase in health awareness amongst consumers who regard the milk
and sugar ingredients in chocolate as negative; moreover, since the
second half of 1999, an increasing number of rival ‘health candies’
had appeared on the market. These claimed to offer the consumers a
healthy alternative. These factors appear to be the major causes of the
decreased sales volume of Choice Chocolate.
Slim Choice is the latest chocolate range put forward by the R & D
Department of Choice Chocolate. The report evaluates this range and
concludes that it would be an ideal candidate to meet the challenge
presented by the market and could satisfy the new consumer demand
since it uses significantly reduced milk and sugar ingredients and is
endorsed by renowned health experts. According to 97% of the 2000
subjects tested recently, it also retains the same flavour as the original
range.
It is recommended:
that Choice Chocolate take immediate measures to launch and
promote Slim Choice alongside its existing product range;
that Slim Choice adopt a fresh and healthy image;
that part of the launch campaign contains product endorsement
statements by renowned health experts;
that Slim Choice be available in health food shops as well as in
traditional c.
Stream Analysis in Organizational Development.pptx
Stream Analysis in Organizational Development.pptxAnonymousFQTgjf This is invented by Prof. Jerry I. Porras of the Stanford Graduate School of Business. A new technique for managing the process of change in the organization from diagnosis to follow-up.
Methodological approach used to study and improve various processes within an organization
Involves the examination and evaluation of various processes, systems, and workflows within an organization to identify problems, inefficiencies, bottlenecks, and areas for improvement
Rooted on systems theory, organizations consist of sub-systems that are interconnected
Systems theory and social cognitive theory provide the conceptual foundation for stream analysis
Sequences of events or activities that take place in an organization, graphically represented as columns
Includes processes, communication flows, decision making procedures, and other inter-connected activities
Aims to understand how these streams operate and interact with each other, and how they contribute to the organization’s overall performance
Form a Change Management Team (CMT)
- A cross-sectional group of organization members to guide and monitor the change process
Collect Data
- to understand how each stream functions
- thru interviews with employees, questionnaires/surveys, direct observation, or analyzing existing data/company records (e.g. grievances, exit surveys, minutes of meetings, notice of decision, etc
3. Categorizing Problems (into Streams)
Streams denote issues or actions flowing over time
Shared understanding is a MUST among CMT
Problems are placed into columns called Streams
Identify Interconnectivity
Creating flowcharts or diagrams to visually identify relationships to identified streams
Analyzing the Problem chart
Identify Symptoms (problems caused by deeper problems)
Examining each stream’s efficiency, bottlenecks, duplication of efforts, and other issues
Formatting a plan of action
- involves reorganizing tasks/priorities, reallocating resources, implementing new technologies, organizational restructuring, changes in communication/collaboration methods, or workflow redesign
- Action plans are laid out similar to diagnostic chart but with time dimension
- some change instructions may affect more than one organization stream
- time bound but not too distant into the future
- laying out the action side by side provides rationale
Tracking the intervention process
- Continuous monitoring and evaluation are essential to gauge effectiveness
- Feedback from employees and stakeholders helps to identify further adjustments if necessary
Ch02
Ch02chris1217 This chapter discusses the importance of taking a systems view of project management and understanding how projects fit within the larger organizational context. It describes the four frames used to understand organizations, including structural, human resources, political, and symbolic frames. Organizational culture and structure can have significant impacts on projects. The chapter also covers project life cycles and phases, and notes that IT projects have some unique attributes compared to other types of projects.
Importance Of A Collaborative Approach To Mistake Analysis In 2024 | Future E...
Importance Of A Collaborative Approach To Mistake Analysis In 2024 | Future E...Future Education Magazine A collaborative approach to mistake analysis involves multiple individuals or stakeholders working together to analyze and understand errors or mistakes. This approach can take various forms, including brainstorming sessions, group discussions, cross-functional teams, or interdisciplinary collaboration.
Lecture 2
Lecture 2Nguyen Quang Huy This document discusses the importance of considering the organizational context when managing projects. It provides an overview of different frameworks for understanding organizations, including the structural, human resources, political, and symbolic frames. It also discusses factors like organizational culture, stakeholders, and how projects can be influenced by the organizational structures, cultures and politics. Socio-technical modeling approaches are presented as ways to understand how technologies may impact organizations by considering social and technical aspects. The document emphasizes the need for senior management support and organizational standards to help projects succeed.
Open System Models
Open System Modelsvissie101 This document outlines an open systems model for diagnosing organizations. It describes the key components of an organizational system including inputs, outputs, structure, culture, environment, and technology. The model can be applied at different levels of analysis and considers how interdependent components impact effectiveness. When components are misaligned, signs of ineffectiveness emerge. The document provides guidance on using the model to broadly assess an organization's context, interactions, and forces of change in order to better understand problems and opportunities for improvement.
CCM201_Crisis Communication_Chapter2_.pptx
CCM201_Crisis Communication_Chapter2_.pptxdinhthuylinh00012 This document discusses risk management, issues management, and reputation management as the three strategic functions of enterprise risk management. It defines key concepts like risks, issues, stakeholders, and reputation. Issues management aims to shape how issues develop to avoid crises, while reputation management focuses on influencing stakeholder evaluations through relationships. Risk management identifies vulnerabilities within an organization to reduce the likelihood of a crisis. Together, these functions form an integrated approach to crisis prevention and preparedness.
Aflv advisor 2
Aflv advisor 2Association of Fraternal Leadership & Values This document outlines a problem solving framework to help address challenges on campus. It presents a strategic model based on social science and public health models. The framework involves defining the problem, identifying contributing factors, envisioning how to intervene in the chain of events, and evaluating outcomes. Key aspects include taking a comprehensive, research-based approach using multiple strategies to create sustainable change. The goal is to prevent behaviors by addressing underlying factors through strategic, targeted initiatives.
06877 Topic Implicit Association TestNumber of Pages 1 (Doub.docx
06877 Topic Implicit Association TestNumber of Pages 1 (Doub.docxsmithhedwards48727 06877 Topic: Implicit Association Test
Number of Pages: 1 (Double Spaced)
Number of sources: 4
Writing Style: APA
Type of document: Research Paper
Academic Level:Master
Category: Psychology
Language Style: English (U.S.)
Order Instructions: Instructions Attached
Take one (gender, age, race, sexuality, disability, or weight) of the Implicit Association Tests (IAT) at the Harvard University website.
Examine how attitude is formed.
Discuss how personal implicit biases can form understandings at a local, national or global level.
Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the IAT as a research tool.
Reflect on your personal results from the IAT.
Use three to five scholarly sources to support your thinking, your textbook can be used as one of the resources.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
84 September/October 2012 Published by the IEEE Computer Society 0272-1716/12/$31.00 © 2012 IEEE
Graphically Speaking Editor: Miguel Encarnação
Toward Visualization in Policy Modeling
Jörn Kohlhammer, Kawa Nazemi, Tobias Ruppert, and Dirk Burkhardt
Fraunhofer IGD
Information visualization and visual analytics (VA) have become widely recognized research fields applied to a variety of domains and
data-related challenges. This development’s main
driver has been the rapidly increasing amount of
data that must be dealt with daily. Virtually every
industry or business, or any political or personal
activity, generates vast amounts of data. At the
same time, citizens, shareholders, and customers
expect highly efficient, informed decision-making
based on increasingly complex, dynamic, and in-
terdependent data and information.
All this applies in many ways to public-policy
modeling. As the recent financial crisis has shown,
policy making and regulation are highly challeng-
ing tasks. The outcomes of policy choices and in-
dividual behavior aren’t easily predictable in our
complex society. Ubiquitous computing, crowd-
sourcing, and open data, to name just a few exam-
ples, are creating masses of data that governments
struggle to make sense of for policy modeling.
Increasingly, policy makers are perceiving vi-
sualization and data analysis as critical to this
sense-making process. Current practice uses visu-
alization mainly during postprocessing. Although
this is an important step in the right direction,
a more promising trend is the integration of vi-
sualization tools with simulation and automated
analysis. This is clearly in line with the general
approach employed by various domains that apply
VA techniques for interactive analysis.
Here, we examine the current and future roles
of information visualization, semantics visualiza-
tion, and VA in policy .
DiscussionEach week, youll have to post on at least three separat.docx
DiscussionEach week, youll have to post on at least three separat.docxemersonpearline Discussion
Each week, you'll have to post on at least three separate days to the Discussion. Each post should be of a high quality. Your first post should be by Wednesday.
Be sure to select the Discussion page to the left and respond to the following question:
(2c) Now that you have completed your reading, consider your understanding of transformational change. Discuss what you have learned with your classmates. Respond to all of the following prompts:
Evaluate under what conditions transformational change would be necessary.
How would an OD practitioner attempt to change an organization’s culture?
Evaluate how integrated strategic change differs from traditional strategic planning and traditional planned organization change.
Course Project
Milestone Four
(2b) For your course project work this week, consider what you have learned throughout the course about organizational development and change. Use that knowledge to complete Milestone Four, the final milestone of your course project.
Final consolidated paper (all sections), including summary/conclusions
Make sure to include any corrections or feedback your instructor has given you on previous components of the course project.
The final paper should be no fewer than 8-10 page(s) in length.
No fewer than three to five peer-reviewed journal articles are required. Reference all sources using APA format. For guidance using APA format, please contact your instructor.
Week-1
MAN 5285
Development and Change
Description of the organization
Multiplex organization is one organization I would like to be employed in, especially in the future. Specific reasons contributeto my desire of working in such an organization. Multiplex organization deals with the recruitment of persons into different sectors of the market. The main aim is to link job seekers with employment opportunities, for the sake of improvement of basic standards of living and life in general. This is a unique venture, considering that the organization makes maximum profits and that at the same time, gives back to the community. Multiplex organization has branches in more than 20 countries, with more than 2000 employees in different branches. The concern and embracement of maximum corporate social responsibility is what has led to its formation and development.
To a large extent, the company benefits the community, through provision of job opportunities to the members and the surrounding environment as well. Multiplex organization values its employees, and also, gives credit to the recommended workers in different institutions. Recruitments and evaluations are however, first performed by the agency for quality verification purposes.
This shows how much good public image is desired by the organization (Jane, 2013).
Effectiveness in management and personnel interactions is highly emphasized on, for the purpose of profitability and competitive advantage. One major problem is experienced at multiplex, which should .
Water Management - EPA Guidelines Project
Water Management - EPA Guidelines ProjectSankaranarayanan Ayyakudi Ravichandran The document proposes solutions to issues facing Midland Food Processing Co. It recommends (1) improving formal and informal communication through meetings, documentation, and an open-door policy to address information gaps, (2) clearly defining roles and responsibilities for management and operators through training, documentation, and meetings to improve organization and collaboration, and (3) evaluating technical solutions for wastewater treatment considering feasibility, costs, and culture to address regulatory noncompliance. The solutions aim to solve systemic, organizational, and regulatory problems through cultural and procedural changes.
Project Charter template (contains Scope Section) project nameExe.docx
Project Charter template (contains Scope Section) project nameExe.docxstilliegeorgiana Project Charter template (contains Scope Section): project name:Executive Summary
Where did this project come from?
Why is it being done?
What impact will the project create (internally, externally)?
What strategic plan does it contribute to?
What does the customer receive/not receive by project end?
What key assumptions are driving this project?
What risks could challenge project success?Goals
What business/organization goal(s) does this project support?
What business need is being satisfied by this project?Objectives
What, specifically, needs to be done to meet project/customer requirements/expectations/goal?
What is the target of the project?
Note: Ensure each objective contributes to the goal. Check to satisfy the "SMART" criteriaScope:
What does the work of the project to meet goal include/not include?Work IncludesWork does not IncludePhases ⁄ Deliverables:
What are the major components of work to meet the goals/objectives/scope?
What are the customer, process, and project deliverables within each phase?
Phase
Description of Phase
Deliverables
Internal
External
Assumptions:
What unknowns are being made known in this project?
What uncertainties are considered true, real, or certain for planning purposes?
What trial balloons are being floated to verify information?
Assumption
Rationale
Probability of Assumption being True
Impact to Project if Assumption is not True
Risks:
What events could jeopardize this project's success?
Risk
Supporting Detail (Analysis to be continued in Risk Management Plan/ Register)
Constraints:
What is restricting this project?
What standards, regulations, technologies, resource availability impact this project?
Constraint
Supporting Detail
Initial Project SizingBudget:
What are the estimated costs to complete this project (document variability, range, precision at this point)
What is the financial justification for this project?
(i.e. Benefit Cost Analysis, Return on Investment, NPV . . .)
What financial gains are there to doing/not doing this project?High Level Schedule:
When are the phases/deliverables planned to begin/end?
Phase/Deliverable
Time
Milestones:
What major points are important to communicate/measure against?
When should/will they occur?Resource Requirements:
What specialized resources are necessary to complete this project?
Team Member
Role
Responsibility
Sponsor
Project Manager
Management Approaches:
How will status be taken?
How will project be communicated?
How will change be managed?
How will issues be escalated?
How will the risk be managed?
Communication Type
Stakeholders
Frequency
Agenda/ Content
Responsible
Distribution Media
Note: These may be separate plans within the context of the integrated project planSign-offs/Reviews:
At what points will management/customer/team/peer reviews be conducted? For what ...
Importance Of A Collaborative Approach To Mistake Analysis In 2024 | Future E...
Importance Of A Collaborative Approach To Mistake Analysis In 2024 | Future E...Future Education Magazine
Ad
Problem tree analysis
- 1. Problem Tree Analysis1 What is it? Problem tree analysis helps to illustrate the linkages between a set of complex issues or relationships by fitting them into a hierarchy of related factors. It is used for: Link together the various issues or factors which may contribute to an institutional problem Help to identify the underlying or root causes of an institutional problem The major assumption underlying the problem tree is the hierarchical relationship between cause and effect. How do I use it? 1. Identify the major existing problem/issues based on available information (e.g. by brainstorming) 2. Select one focal problem for the analysis e.g. poor communications to staff 3. Develop the problem tree beginning with the substantial and direct causes of the focal problem e.g. hierarchical and autocratic management culture The following figure illustrates the process: Developing the Problem Tree Effects Causes FOCAL PROBLEM 1 Promoting Institutional&Organisational Development. A Source Book of Tools and Techniques. DFID. March 2003
- 2. This process can help to distinguish the underlying or root of an institutional problem from their effects and guide advisers towards the critical issues that need to be tackled in institutional development. For example, poor budgetary processes or late arrival of funds in a Ministry may be effects of poor or non-existent Public Expenditure Management process or poorly articulated priorities –or no money. PROBLEM ANALYSIS: Bus Example Effects Core Problem Causes OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS: Bus Example Effects Core Problem Causes Passengers hurt or killed Loss of confidence in bus company People are late Frequent Bus Accidents Drivers not careful enough Bad conditions of vehicles Bad road conditions Vehicles too old No ongoing maintenance Frequent Bus Accidents Greatly Reduced Drivers drive carefully and responsibly Vehicles kept in good conditions Road conditions improved Old vehicles are regularly replaced Vehicles regularly maintained and checked Fewer passengers hurt Customers have better image of bus company Passengers arrive on time