Performance Analysis of Creido Enhanced Chord Overlay Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
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CREIDO is an enhanced Chord overlay protocol for wireless sensor networks that improves packet delivery ratio. Chord uses a ring structure and finger tables to route packets but its periodic stabilization function incurs overhead on power-restricted sensors. CREIDO addresses this by having nodes periodically send lightweight CREIDO packets to successors and predecessors to notify them of joins and departures instead of running the full stabilization. Simulation results show CREIDO increases packet delivery ratio by up to 19%, throughput by up to 14%, and control packet overhead is reduced by up to 12% compared to the traditional Chord protocol.
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Hybrid Red Deer Algorithm with Physical Unclonable Function for Security Enha...IJCNCJournal In this modern era, Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) have turned out to be a more attractive option, because of the advancements in communication. If the network is insecure, an attacker can intercept messages and break the sensor nodes’ security; as well as duplicate the authentication codes to launch a variety of attacks. As a result, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) with unpredictable features are encouraged to be used in the development of lightweight cryptographic protocols. This work introduced the Red Deer Algorithm (RDA) with PUF as a new mutual authentication system. When a sensor receives a challenge from the gateway, the inbuilt PUF generates a key and distributes it to the sensor by providing complete resilience against malicious attacks. PUF is resistant to node acquisition, cloning, and malicious attacks, as well as node physical security flaws. Key distribution is moving too quickly and the adversary won’t be able to conduct a harmful attack in time. Furthermore, PUF’s unclonability and unexpected qualities provide key uniqueness and two-way authentication for improving the security. When compared to existing Tunicate Swarm Grey Wolf optimization (TSGWO) and PUF-Based Mutual-Authenticated Key Distribution (PUF-MAKD), the proposed RDA-PUF demonstrated better results. The simulation results are obtained in terms of minimizing energy consumption as 0.7 J, end-to-end delay as 7 sec, packet delivery ratio of 97%, increasing network lifetime to 1330 sec, and improving secure connectivity to 1.211.
Hybrid Red Deer Algorithm with Physical Unclonable Function for Security Enha...
Hybrid Red Deer Algorithm with Physical Unclonable Function for Security Enha...IJCNCJournal In this modern era, Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) have turned out to be a more attractive option, because of the advancements in communication. If the network is insecure, an attacker can intercept messages and break the sensor nodes’ security; as well as duplicate the authentication codes to launch a variety of attacks. As a result, Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) with unpredictable features are encouraged to be used in the development of lightweight cryptographic protocols. This work introduced the Red Deer Algorithm (RDA) with PUF as a new mutual authentication system. When a sensor receives a challenge from the gateway, the inbuilt PUF generates a key and distributes it to the sensor by providing complete resilience against malicious attacks. PUF is resistant to node acquisition, cloning, and malicious attacks, as well as node physical security flaws. Key distribution is moving too quickly and the adversary won’t be able to conduct a harmful attack in time. Furthermore, PUF’s unclonability and unexpected qualities provide key uniqueness and two-way authentication for improving the security. When compared to existing Tunicate Swarm Grey Wolf optimization (TSGWO) and PUF-Based Mutual-Authenticated Key Distribution (PUF-MAKD), the proposed RDA-PUF demonstrated better results. The simulation results are obtained in terms of minimizing energy consumption as 0.7 J, end-to-end delay as 7 sec, packet delivery ratio of 97%, increasing network lifetime to 1330 sec, and improving secure connectivity to 1.211.
A TRUST-BASED MULTIPATH CONGESTION-AWARE ROUTING TECHNIQUE TO CURB WORMHOLE A...
A TRUST-BASED MULTIPATH CONGESTION-AWARE ROUTING TECHNIQUE TO CURB WORMHOLE A...IJNSA Journal Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as a critical technology in diverse applications, ranging from environmental monitoring to precision agriculture. However, the inherent limitations of WSNs, such as constrained energy resources and limited bandwidth, pose significant challenges for reliable data transmission. Furthermore, the increasing vulnerability of WSNs to security threats, such as malicious node attacks and data breaches, necessitates robust security mechanisms. This paper proposes a novel composite routing technique for WSNs that integrates trust attributes and congestion-aware information to enhance network performance, security, and energy efficiency. The proposed approach leverages trust metrics to evaluate the trustworthiness of nodes based on their past behaviour, communication patterns, and adherence to network protocols. By incorporating trust assessment into the routing decision-making process, the technique aims to mitigate the impact of wormhole attacks and ensure data delivery through reliable paths. Additionally, the proposed routing protocol considers network congestion levels to select routes with minimal traffic, thereby improving data throughput and reducing packet delays. The congestion-aware component dynamically adapts to changing network conditions, ensuring efficient resource utilization and maximizing network lifetime. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed composite routing technique outperforms existing approaches in terms of packet delivery ratio by 92.1%, energy efficiency by 3.1j, end-to-end latency by 85%, route disjointedness by 88.7 and resilience to various attacks, making it a promising solution for secure and efficient communication in resource-constrained WSN environments.
Simulation Based Routing Protocols Evaluation for IEEE 802.15.4 enabled Wirel...
Simulation Based Routing Protocols Evaluation for IEEE 802.15.4 enabled Wirel...IDES Editor Wireless sensor network (WSN) is emerging as a
major research field in computer networks over the last decade
due to its wide variety of embedded real time applications.
Sensor networks have infrastructure-less architecture because
of frequently varying topology and link status. Routing is an
extremely challenging task for battery-powered resourceconstrained
WSN, since it is main cause for energy depletion
and energy must be utilized prudently to enhance lifetime
for sensor networks. This drives a myriad of research efforts
aiming at efficient data dissemination. In this paper we
analyze how efficiently MANET specific routing protocols
OLSR (Optimized Link-State Routing protocol), DYMO
(Dynamic MANET On-demand) and ZRP (Zone Routing
Protocol) perform in IEEE 802.15.4 enabled wireless sensor
networks and evaluate their simulation results using Qualnet
simulator. Several simulations were carried out under varying
network size and offered load for performance evaluation and
relative comparison of protocols is reported in terms of average
end to end delay, throughput and jitter.
CIP Based BOND for Wireless Sensor Networks
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- 1. Performance Analysis of CREIDO Enhanced Chord Overlay Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
- 2. Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN) • Potential societal applications like Body Area Networks, etc. • Becomes data generating and people centric nodes in recent applications like urban sensing etc. • Data has to be managed and transported in a appropriate manner. • So, Chord Overlay Protocol is implemented over WSNs and an amendment is proposed to traditional chord to improve Packet Delivery Ratio.
- 4. Chord Overlay Protocol • Chord is a ring like structure. • Connections to the nodes are in logarithmic distance. • Each node has a successor and a predecessor contiguous in the ring. • Nodes maintain a routing table with m entries called finger table.
- 5. An Example Chord Ring • A chord with 16 vertices. • This chord structure will have 4 entries in the finger table.
- 6. Advantages of Chord Overlay Protocol • Load Balancing • Decentralization • Flexible Naming • Scalability
- 7. Stabilize Function • Used in Chord to make the architecture robust. • Runs periodically to check new nodes joins and failures to modify routing entries. • Periodical execution incurs overhead in power restricted sensor networks also leading to unstable architecture resulting in low Packet delivery ration.
- 8. CREIDO Packet • Periodical light weight packet. • Every nodes sends CREIDO packet to its successor and predecessor. • When a node departs, CREIDO packets from that particular node is stopped making the neighbours to run stabilize function. • When a node joins, it sends CREIDO to the neighbour notifying its new presence to run stabilize function.
- 9. Results • Simulator: OverSim framework for OMNeT++ • No. of Nodes: 25 nodes • Simulation Time:1500s. • Metrics: Packet Delivery Ratio(PDR), Throughput and Control Packet Overhead(CPO). • Mobility model: Random waypoint model • CREIDO periodicity: 10s, 15s and 20s.
- 10. Results (contd.) Packet Delivery Ratio: CREIDO PERIODICITY (seconds) INCREASE IN PDR (percentage) 10 14 15 19 20 12
- 11. Results (contd.) Throughput: CREIDO PERIODICITY (seconds) INCREASE IN THROUGHPUT (PERCENTAGE) 10 10 15 14 20 13
- 12. Results (contd.) Control Packet Overhead: CREIDO PERIODICITY(seconds) INCREASE (IN PERCENTAGE) 10 9 15 12 15 9
- 13. Conclusion • Simulation results describes that PDR, Throughput and CPO is escalated to 15%, 12.33 %, 10% respectively. • Future expansion is analysing the proposed model for various movement models and mitigating the security issues arising due to the amendment of CREIDO packets.