The document discusses the motherboard, which connects all computer components and is considered the heart of the computer. It describes the history and development of motherboards from individual circuit boards to today's integrated designs. It also covers motherboard components, types, functions, and the boot process using the BIOS. Motherboards come in various form factors depending on the computer system and connectivity needs.
The document discusses the motherboard, which connects all the main components of a computer system. It describes the history and development of motherboards, from early designs using separate circuit boards connected by a backplane, to increasingly integrated designs incorporating more peripheral functions. It outlines the key components and functions of modern motherboards, including connecting the CPU, memory, storage, ports and expansion slots. It also discusses different motherboard form factors, types, and their uses in connecting and enabling communication between computer components and devices.
The document provides information about various computer hardware components and their functions. It explains that the CPU processes instructions, RAM temporarily stores data and programs, storage devices like hard drives and SSDs permanently store data, and the motherboard connects all the components. Graphics cards generate video output, sound cards facilitate audio input/output, and peripherals like monitors, keyboards, mice, printers, and webcams enable user input and output.
The document discusses the components and functions of a computer system unit. It defines the system unit as the part of the computer that houses primary components like the motherboard, CPU, RAM, and case. It then lists and describes 11 key components of the system unit, including the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive, fans, power supply, and video card. The objectives are to understand the system unit concept and components, and appreciate why knowing them is important.
This document provides information about computer fundamentals and C programming. It discusses key figures in the development of computers like Charles Babbage, Alan Turing, and John Von Neumann. It also describes the basic components of a computer including the control unit, arithmetic logic unit, memory, registers, and inputs/outputs. The document then discusses early programmers like Ada Lovelace and milestones like the ENIAC. It provides an overview of hardware, software, input/output devices, and other core computer components and concepts.
The document provides information on building a personal computer, including the essential components and steps for assembly. It discusses the motherboard, processor, memory, storage, case, power supply, and other internal and external components. Troubleshooting tips are also provided for common issues like computers not powering on or freezing. The assembly process involves opening the case, installing the power supply and motherboard, adding drives and expansion cards, connecting cables, and booting the computer for the first time. Proper installation and cable management are emphasized.
The system unit houses the primary components that perform operations and calculations for a computer. It includes the motherboard, CPU, RAM, and other parts housed within a case. Some key components are the motherboard, CPU, RAM, hard drive, power supply, fans, optical drives, video card, and ports. The system unit contains the main parts that control and store data for the computer.
This document provides definitions for common computer hardware components including the hard drive, RAM, ROM, CMOS, video card, network card, processor, CD-ROM, cache, and motherboard. It explains that the hard drive permanently stores data on platters, RAM temporarily stores information for active programs and the operating system, and the motherboard allows communication between the CPU and other hardware components.
This presentation will cover topics related to computer hardware components including the motherboard, CPU, RAM, BIOS, CMOS, and cache memory. The table of contents is located on slides 4 and 5. For any questions, the presenter can be asked.
The document outlines the basic components of a computer and provides a brief description of what each component does:
1. The power supply reduces mains electricity to lower voltages to power components like the hard drive, DVD ROM, and motherboard.
2. The motherboard receives power from the power supply and distributes it to other components like the RAM, CPU, and ports. It is the central component of a computer.
3. The CPU performs computations and processes data input into information output. It contains circuits that execute stored program instructions.
The document discusses different types of motherboards including integrated, non-integrated, desktop, laptop, and server motherboards. It describes the main components of a motherboard including the CPU socket, memory slots, chipset, expansion slots, BIOS, and I/O ports. Key factors to consider when selecting a motherboard are the form factor, CPU support, BIOS type, case compatibility, and warranty.
The document discusses different types of motherboards including integrated, non-integrated, desktop, laptop, and server motherboards. It describes the key components of a motherboard including the CPU socket, memory slots, chipset, expansion slots, BIOS, and I/O ports. Different form factors for motherboards are also covered such as ATX, microATX, and BTX.
Computer Hardware and It's Components By Sulav AcharyaAchSulav
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Phasellus nec sem a eros sodales varius non vitae metus. Suspendisse venenatis ullamcorper gravida. Donec venenatis, dui eu scelerisque finibus, risus sapien molestie risus, et tincidunt mi eros eget metus. Vestibulum feugiat elit quis erat commodo faucibus. Curabitur vel congue nibh. Etiam turpis sem, aliquet congue magna ac, elementum ullamcorper velit. Etiam eget lobortis nisi. Mauris vulputate ligula eget fringilla blandit. Integer ac lobortis nibh, vitae fringilla massa. Vestibulum ut metus est. Duis nec accumsan metus, a vulputate turpis. Maecenas vulputate mi eget nunc sollicitudin porttitor.
Vestibulum commodo leo felis. Donec elementum iaculis orci non cursus. Nam mauris quam, volutpat viverra vestibulum nec, facilisis vitae risus. Quisque ipsum mi, tincidunt non tellus sed, vulputate vehicula elit. Pellentesque id iaculis quam, vitae faucibus elit. Integer aliquam a ipsum at cursus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed non suscipit neque, id dictum libero.
Fusce quis mollis nulla, sit amet ultrices purus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam eros quam, ultricies in malesuada id, mollis non velit. Morbi leo nulla, hendrerit vitae varius non, hendrerit finibus magna. Nunc porta elit eu leo finibus suscipit. Sed ac euismod risus. Quisque maximus justo vel efficitur bibendum.
Quisque facilisis ipsum mauris, eget ultrices dui ultrices ut. Proin eleifend consequat semper. Maecenas vestibulum mattis est, vitae pretium tortor ultricies vitae. Pellentesque auctor pulvinar dolor, sit amet maximus nulla consectetur et. Nullam suscipit tincidunt massa eu dapibus. Vestibulum in dapibus elit. Phasellus vitae sem vel ligula bibendum aliquam. Aenean viverra ac mi vitae rhoncus. Vivamus semper et lorem maximus condimentum. Cras commodo eu sapien at mollis. Cras laoreet lorem quis magna condimentum elementum. Maecenas aliquet ante ut hendrerit faucibus. Duis sit amet vulputate massa. Praesent sed lacus malesuada, maximus felis vitae, ornare dolor.
Etiam nulla ligula, mollis quis imperdiet rutrum, ornare sit amet nibh. Cras vitae gravida risus, in hendrerit augue. Morbi id diam est. Phasellus rhoncus cursus diam, vel luctus est rutrum in. Suspendisse pretium ac leo a ullamcorper. Pellentesque finibus id velit quis faucibus. Nullam ultrices nibh id enim scelerisque, sed vestibulum eros fermentum. Duis vestibulum orci sapien, non varius nisl vulputate quis. Mauris lacinia tellus dui, ut dictum elit bibendum sit amet. Ut vel nulla non ipsum egestas pharetra. Nunc purus sapien, euismod nec rhoncus vitae, vehicula non tellus. Proin ante elit, dictum rhoncus enim nec, convallis venenatis mi. Integer eu purus lobortis elit vehicula facilisis vitae sed ex. Nam scelerisque nulla massa, consequat varius tellus condimentum non. Ut feugiat et magna sed tempor.
The document discusses the main components of a computer system:
(1) The input unit which includes devices like keyboards, mice, and scanners that allow data and instructions to enter the computer.
(2) Storage units including primary memory (RAM and ROM) and secondary memory (hard disks, CDs, DVDs) that temporarily and permanently store data, instructions, and results.
(3) The central processing unit (CPU) which contains the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit to process data and control the computer's operations.
(4) The output unit includes monitors, printers, and speakers to display or present the processed results in human-readable form.
The document discusses various internal components of a computer. It describes the power supply which converts AC to DC power for components. The motherboard holds crucial components like the CPU and provides connections for other hardware. It discusses the northbridge and southbridge which connect different parts of the motherboard. Common storage devices include hard disk drives, solid state drives, CD/DVD drives, and memory sticks which allow portable storage.
The document discusses various internal components of a computer. It describes the power supply which converts AC to DC power for components. The motherboard holds crucial components like the CPU and provides connections. It has a northbridge which connects to the CPU and southbridge which connects to other buses and ports. Common motherboard components are the CPU, BIOS, and RTC. RAM temporarily stores running programs, while ROM permanently stores basic functions. Storage devices include hard disk drives, CD/DVD drives, memory sticks, and solid state drives. Peripherals are external devices like keyboards, mice, speakers, displays, and storage devices that connect to the computer.
The document discusses core hardware components of a personal computer including DRAM, the motherboard, BIOS, and the power supply. It explains that DRAM is the main memory of a PC using transistors and capacitors to store data. The motherboard connects all the parts together with sockets for the CPU, RAM, and expansion cards. BIOS is the basic input/output system stored in ROM that performs startup procedures like detecting devices and loading the operating system. The power supply converts alternating current to direct current for the computer components.
This document provides information about computing for engineering students. It discusses booting a computer, the BIOS system, computer casing components, formatting and partitioning hard disks, and checking disks for errors. The motherboard and its components are described in detail. Common peripheral ports are also outlined. Finally, there is an introduction to different versions of the Windows 7 operating system.
This document provides instructions for disassembling a computer system unit in 8 steps:
1. Open the outer case of the computer.
2. Remove all cables connected to the motherboard.
3. Unscrew and remove the CPU fan from the heat sink.
4. Unscrew and remove the power supply unit from the case.
5. Remove the CD/DVD drive and hard disk drive by pushing the locks and pulling them out.
6. Unscrew and remove the motherboard from the case.
7. Remove the memory modules from their slots on the motherboard.
8. Remove the CPU by lifting the lever after removing the heat
The motherboard is the main circuit board inside a computer that connects all the parts together. It contains the CPU, memory, expansion slots, and connections to all other components. Key parts of the motherboard include the chipset, CPU socket, memory slots, BIOS chip, and interface connections. The motherboard provides power from the PSU and allows components like graphics cards and hard drives to connect via expansion slots to work together and form a functioning computer system.
External devices and peripherals are non-essential components attached to computers to expand their functionality. Input devices like keyboards and mice provide data to computers, while output devices like monitors, printers and speakers share the computer's processed information. Storage devices both internal and external are used to permanently or temporarily save files and data. A history of external storage highlighted early hard drives the size of refrigerators and the introduction of USB technology that enabled smaller portable drives. Common input/output and storage peripherals along with their technologies were also examined.
Computer 10 Other Parts of the Internal System UnitJessaBejer1
The document provides instructions for assembling a computer system. It begins by listing the objectives of understanding the other internal parts of a computer and the assembly process. It then describes the various internal components like the RAM, ROM, storage devices, buses, video card, sound card, and cooling system. The last part provides a step-by-step guide to assembling the computer, including preparing the workspace, gathering tools and components, and connecting the motherboard, processor, memory and other parts inside the case.
This presentation will cover topics related to computer hardware components including the motherboard, CPU, RAM, BIOS, CMOS, and cache memory. The table of contents is located on slides 4 and 5. For any questions, the presenter can be asked.
The document outlines the basic components of a computer and provides a brief description of what each component does:
1. The power supply reduces mains electricity to lower voltages to power components like the hard drive, DVD ROM, and motherboard.
2. The motherboard receives power from the power supply and distributes it to other components like the RAM, CPU, and ports. It is the central component of a computer.
3. The CPU performs computations and processes data input into information output. It contains circuits that execute stored program instructions.
The document discusses different types of motherboards including integrated, non-integrated, desktop, laptop, and server motherboards. It describes the main components of a motherboard including the CPU socket, memory slots, chipset, expansion slots, BIOS, and I/O ports. Key factors to consider when selecting a motherboard are the form factor, CPU support, BIOS type, case compatibility, and warranty.
The document discusses different types of motherboards including integrated, non-integrated, desktop, laptop, and server motherboards. It describes the key components of a motherboard including the CPU socket, memory slots, chipset, expansion slots, BIOS, and I/O ports. Different form factors for motherboards are also covered such as ATX, microATX, and BTX.
Computer Hardware and It's Components By Sulav AcharyaAchSulav
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Phasellus nec sem a eros sodales varius non vitae metus. Suspendisse venenatis ullamcorper gravida. Donec venenatis, dui eu scelerisque finibus, risus sapien molestie risus, et tincidunt mi eros eget metus. Vestibulum feugiat elit quis erat commodo faucibus. Curabitur vel congue nibh. Etiam turpis sem, aliquet congue magna ac, elementum ullamcorper velit. Etiam eget lobortis nisi. Mauris vulputate ligula eget fringilla blandit. Integer ac lobortis nibh, vitae fringilla massa. Vestibulum ut metus est. Duis nec accumsan metus, a vulputate turpis. Maecenas vulputate mi eget nunc sollicitudin porttitor.
Vestibulum commodo leo felis. Donec elementum iaculis orci non cursus. Nam mauris quam, volutpat viverra vestibulum nec, facilisis vitae risus. Quisque ipsum mi, tincidunt non tellus sed, vulputate vehicula elit. Pellentesque id iaculis quam, vitae faucibus elit. Integer aliquam a ipsum at cursus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed non suscipit neque, id dictum libero.
Fusce quis mollis nulla, sit amet ultrices purus. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Etiam eros quam, ultricies in malesuada id, mollis non velit. Morbi leo nulla, hendrerit vitae varius non, hendrerit finibus magna. Nunc porta elit eu leo finibus suscipit. Sed ac euismod risus. Quisque maximus justo vel efficitur bibendum.
Quisque facilisis ipsum mauris, eget ultrices dui ultrices ut. Proin eleifend consequat semper. Maecenas vestibulum mattis est, vitae pretium tortor ultricies vitae. Pellentesque auctor pulvinar dolor, sit amet maximus nulla consectetur et. Nullam suscipit tincidunt massa eu dapibus. Vestibulum in dapibus elit. Phasellus vitae sem vel ligula bibendum aliquam. Aenean viverra ac mi vitae rhoncus. Vivamus semper et lorem maximus condimentum. Cras commodo eu sapien at mollis. Cras laoreet lorem quis magna condimentum elementum. Maecenas aliquet ante ut hendrerit faucibus. Duis sit amet vulputate massa. Praesent sed lacus malesuada, maximus felis vitae, ornare dolor.
Etiam nulla ligula, mollis quis imperdiet rutrum, ornare sit amet nibh. Cras vitae gravida risus, in hendrerit augue. Morbi id diam est. Phasellus rhoncus cursus diam, vel luctus est rutrum in. Suspendisse pretium ac leo a ullamcorper. Pellentesque finibus id velit quis faucibus. Nullam ultrices nibh id enim scelerisque, sed vestibulum eros fermentum. Duis vestibulum orci sapien, non varius nisl vulputate quis. Mauris lacinia tellus dui, ut dictum elit bibendum sit amet. Ut vel nulla non ipsum egestas pharetra. Nunc purus sapien, euismod nec rhoncus vitae, vehicula non tellus. Proin ante elit, dictum rhoncus enim nec, convallis venenatis mi. Integer eu purus lobortis elit vehicula facilisis vitae sed ex. Nam scelerisque nulla massa, consequat varius tellus condimentum non. Ut feugiat et magna sed tempor.
The document discusses the main components of a computer system:
(1) The input unit which includes devices like keyboards, mice, and scanners that allow data and instructions to enter the computer.
(2) Storage units including primary memory (RAM and ROM) and secondary memory (hard disks, CDs, DVDs) that temporarily and permanently store data, instructions, and results.
(3) The central processing unit (CPU) which contains the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and control unit to process data and control the computer's operations.
(4) The output unit includes monitors, printers, and speakers to display or present the processed results in human-readable form.
The document discusses various internal components of a computer. It describes the power supply which converts AC to DC power for components. The motherboard holds crucial components like the CPU and provides connections for other hardware. It discusses the northbridge and southbridge which connect different parts of the motherboard. Common storage devices include hard disk drives, solid state drives, CD/DVD drives, and memory sticks which allow portable storage.
The document discusses various internal components of a computer. It describes the power supply which converts AC to DC power for components. The motherboard holds crucial components like the CPU and provides connections. It has a northbridge which connects to the CPU and southbridge which connects to other buses and ports. Common motherboard components are the CPU, BIOS, and RTC. RAM temporarily stores running programs, while ROM permanently stores basic functions. Storage devices include hard disk drives, CD/DVD drives, memory sticks, and solid state drives. Peripherals are external devices like keyboards, mice, speakers, displays, and storage devices that connect to the computer.
The document discusses core hardware components of a personal computer including DRAM, the motherboard, BIOS, and the power supply. It explains that DRAM is the main memory of a PC using transistors and capacitors to store data. The motherboard connects all the parts together with sockets for the CPU, RAM, and expansion cards. BIOS is the basic input/output system stored in ROM that performs startup procedures like detecting devices and loading the operating system. The power supply converts alternating current to direct current for the computer components.
This document provides information about computing for engineering students. It discusses booting a computer, the BIOS system, computer casing components, formatting and partitioning hard disks, and checking disks for errors. The motherboard and its components are described in detail. Common peripheral ports are also outlined. Finally, there is an introduction to different versions of the Windows 7 operating system.
This document provides instructions for disassembling a computer system unit in 8 steps:
1. Open the outer case of the computer.
2. Remove all cables connected to the motherboard.
3. Unscrew and remove the CPU fan from the heat sink.
4. Unscrew and remove the power supply unit from the case.
5. Remove the CD/DVD drive and hard disk drive by pushing the locks and pulling them out.
6. Unscrew and remove the motherboard from the case.
7. Remove the memory modules from their slots on the motherboard.
8. Remove the CPU by lifting the lever after removing the heat
The motherboard is the main circuit board inside a computer that connects all the parts together. It contains the CPU, memory, expansion slots, and connections to all other components. Key parts of the motherboard include the chipset, CPU socket, memory slots, BIOS chip, and interface connections. The motherboard provides power from the PSU and allows components like graphics cards and hard drives to connect via expansion slots to work together and form a functioning computer system.
External devices and peripherals are non-essential components attached to computers to expand their functionality. Input devices like keyboards and mice provide data to computers, while output devices like monitors, printers and speakers share the computer's processed information. Storage devices both internal and external are used to permanently or temporarily save files and data. A history of external storage highlighted early hard drives the size of refrigerators and the introduction of USB technology that enabled smaller portable drives. Common input/output and storage peripherals along with their technologies were also examined.
Computer 10 Other Parts of the Internal System UnitJessaBejer1
The document provides instructions for assembling a computer system. It begins by listing the objectives of understanding the other internal parts of a computer and the assembly process. It then describes the various internal components like the RAM, ROM, storage devices, buses, video card, sound card, and cooling system. The last part provides a step-by-step guide to assembling the computer, including preparing the workspace, gathering tools and components, and connecting the motherboard, processor, memory and other parts inside the case.
The TRB AJE35 RIIM Coordination and Collaboration Subcommittee has organized a series of webinars focused on building coordination, collaboration, and cooperation across multiple groups. All webinars have been recorded and copies of the recording, transcripts, and slides are below. These resources are open-access following creative commons licensing agreements. The files may be found, organized by webinar date, below. The committee co-chairs would welcome any suggestions for future webinars. The support of the AASHTO RAC Coordination and Collaboration Task Force, the Council of University Transportation Centers, and AUTRI’s Alabama Transportation Assistance Program is gratefully acknowledged.
This webinar overviews proven methods for collaborating with USDOT University Transportation Centers (UTCs), emphasizing state departments of transportation and other stakeholders. It will cover partnerships at all UTC stages, from the Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) release through proposal development, research and implementation. Successful USDOT UTC research, education, workforce development, and technology transfer best practices will be highlighted. Dr. Larry Rilett, Director of the Auburn University Transportation Research Institute will moderate.
For more information, visit: https://aub.ie/trbwebinars
[PyCon US 2025] Scaling the Mountain_ A Framework for Tackling Large-Scale Te...Jimmy Lai
Managing tech debt in large legacy codebases isn’t just a challenge—it’s an ongoing battle that can drain developer productivity and morale. In this talk, I’ll introduce a Python-powered Tech Debt Framework bar-raiser designed to help teams tackle even the most daunting tech debt problems with 100,000+ violations. This open-source framework empowers developers and engineering leaders by: - Tracking Progress: Measure and visualize the state of tech debt and trends over time. - Recognizing Contributions: Celebrate developer efforts and foster accountability with contribution leaderboards and automated shoutouts. - Automating Fixes: Save countless hours with codemods that address repetitive debt patterns, allowing developers to focus on higher-priority work.
Through real-world case studies, I’ll showcase how we: - Reduced 70,000+ pyright-ignore annotations to boost type-checking coverage from 60% to 99.5%. - Converted a monolithic sync codebase to async, addressing blocking IO issues and adopting asyncio effectively.
Attendees will gain actionable strategies for scaling Python automation, fostering team buy-in, and systematically reducing tech debt across massive codebases. Whether you’re dealing with type errors, legacy dependencies, or async transitions, this talk provides a roadmap for creating cleaner, more maintainable code at scale.
Deepfake Phishing: A New Frontier in Cyber ThreatsRaviKumar256934
n today’s hyper-connected digital world, cybercriminals continue to develop increasingly sophisticated methods of deception. Among these, deepfake phishing represents a chilling evolution—a combination of artificial intelligence and social engineering used to exploit trust and compromise security.
Deepfake technology, once a novelty used in entertainment, has quickly found its way into the toolkit of cybercriminals. It allows for the creation of hyper-realistic synthetic media, including images, audio, and videos. When paired with phishing strategies, deepfakes can become powerful weapons of fraud, impersonation, and manipulation.
This document explores the phenomenon of deepfake phishing, detailing how it works, why it’s dangerous, and how individuals and organizations can defend themselves against this emerging threat.
The main purpose of the current study was to formulate an empirical expression for predicting the axial compression capacity and axial strain of concrete-filled plastic tubular specimens (CFPT) using the artificial neural network (ANN). A total of seventy-two experimental test data of CFPT and unconfined concrete were used for training, testing, and validating the ANN models. The ANN axial strength and strain predictions were compared with the experimental data and predictions from several existing strength models for fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP)-confined concrete. Five statistical indices were used to determine the performance of all models considered in the present study. The statistical evaluation showed that the ANN model was more effective and precise than the other models in predicting the compressive strength, with 2.8% AA error, and strain at peak stress, with 6.58% AA error, of concrete-filled plastic tube tested under axial compression load. Similar lower values were obtained for the NRMSE index.
In this paper, the cost and weight of the reinforcement concrete cantilever retaining wall are optimized using Gases Brownian Motion Optimization Algorithm (GBMOA) which is based on the gas molecules motion. To investigate the optimization capability of the GBMOA, two objective functions of cost and weight are considered and verification is made using two available solutions for retaining wall design. Furthermore, the effect of wall geometries of retaining walls on their cost and weight is investigated using four different T-shape walls. Besides, sensitivity analyses for effects of backfill slope, stem height, surcharge, and backfill unit weight are carried out and of soil. Moreover, Rankine and Coulomb methods for lateral earth pressure calculation are used and results are compared. The GBMOA predictions are compared with those available in the literature. It has been shown that the use of GBMOA results in reducing significantly the cost and weight of retaining walls. In addition, the Coulomb lateral earth pressure can reduce the cost and weight of retaining walls.
この資料は、Roy FieldingのREST論文(第5章)を振り返り、現代Webで誤解されがちなRESTの本質を解説しています。特に、ハイパーメディア制御やアプリケーション状態の管理に関する重要なポイントをわかりやすく紹介しています。
This presentation revisits Chapter 5 of Roy Fielding's PhD dissertation on REST, clarifying concepts that are often misunderstood in modern web design—such as hypermedia controls within representations and the role of hypermedia in managing application state.
Jacob Murphy Australia - Excels In Optimizing Software ApplicationsJacob Murphy Australia
In the world of technology, Jacob Murphy Australia stands out as a Junior Software Engineer with a passion for innovation. Holding a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science from Columbia University, Jacob's forte lies in software engineering and object-oriented programming. As a Freelance Software Engineer, he excels in optimizing software applications to deliver exceptional user experiences and operational efficiency. Jacob thrives in collaborative environments, actively engaging in design and code reviews to ensure top-notch solutions. With a diverse skill set encompassing Java, C++, Python, and Agile methodologies, Jacob is poised to be a valuable asset to any software development team.
Newly poured concrete opposing hot and windy conditions is considerably susceptible to plastic shrinkage cracking. Crack-free concrete structures are essential in ensuring high level of durability and functionality as cracks allow harmful instances or water to penetrate in the concrete resulting in structural damages, e.g. reinforcement corrosion or pressure application on the crack sides due to water freezing effect. Among other factors influencing plastic shrinkage, an important one is the concrete surface humidity evaporation rate. The evaporation rate is currently calculated in practice by using a quite complex Nomograph, a process rather tedious, time consuming and prone to inaccuracies. In response to such limitations, three analytical models for estimating the evaporation rate are developed and evaluated in this paper on the basis of the ACI 305R-10 Nomograph for “Hot Weather Concreting”. In this direction, several methods and techniques are employed including curve fitting via Genetic Algorithm optimization and Artificial Neural Networks techniques. The models are developed and tested upon datasets from two different countries and compared to the results of a previous similar study. The outcomes of this study indicate that such models can effectively re-develop the Nomograph output and estimate the concrete evaporation rate with high accuracy compared to typical curve-fitting statistical models or models from the literature. Among the proposed methods, the optimization via Genetic Algorithms, individually applied at each estimation process step, provides the best fitting result.
Construction Materials (Paints) in Civil EngineeringLavish Kashyap
This file will provide you information about various types of Paints in Civil Engineering field under Construction Materials.
It will be very useful for all Civil Engineering students who wants to search about various Construction Materials used in Civil Engineering field.
Paint is a vital construction material used for protecting surfaces and enhancing the aesthetic appeal of buildings and structures. It consists of several components, including pigments (for color), binders (to hold the pigment together), solvents or thinners (to adjust viscosity), and additives (to improve properties like durability and drying time).
Paint is one of the material used in Civil Engineering field. It is especially used in final stages of construction project.
Paint plays a dual role in construction: it protects building materials and contributes to the overall appearance and ambiance of a space.
4. 6/29/2024
Introduction
• Computer Assembly Is An
Essential Job Of A Computer
Installation Technician.
• Computer Assembly Is A
Process In Which All The
Internal Components
Required For The Computer
System Are Fitted So As To
Make The Computer
Functional.
• There Is A Proper Sequence
Of Attachment Of Each And
Every Component Into The
Computer System.
8. 6/29/2024
Processor & Motherboard:
• The Motherboard Has To Be Prepared Before Its
Installation. To Prepare The Motherboard, You First Need
To Install The CPU, Then The Heat Sink On The CPU And
CPU Fan.
11. 6/29/2024
Types of RAM:
RAM
Static RAM Dynamic RAM
• Static ram:-
• These memories have the property that their contents are
retained as long as the power is kept on.
• Static ram doesn't require any refreshing circuit.
• It is faster than dynamic but dynamic memory is cheaper
than static.
• Dynamic ram:-
• Information stored has to be periodically refreshed using
external circuit.
12. 6/29/2024
ROM:
• A memory in which data is permanently written. The
data can be read quickly but not changed.
• Once the data has been written onto a ROM chip, it
can’t be removed and can only be read.
• Unlike the RAM, ROM retains its contents even when
the computer is turned off.
13. 6/29/2024
Types of ROM:
ROM
PROM EPROM
A PROM is
memory chip on
which data can
be written only
once.
EEPROM
It is a special
type of memory
that retains its
content until it
is not erased.
It is a special
type of PROM
that can be
erased by
exposing it to
an electrical
charge.
It is similar to
flash memory.
15. 6/29/2024
SSD: (Solid State Drive)
An SSD, or solid-state drive, is a type of storage device
used in computers. This non-volatile storage media
stores persistent data on solid-state flash memory.
17. 6/29/2024
Graphic Card:
video card, also called graphics card, integrated circuit that
generates the video signal sent to a computer display. The
card is usually located on the computer motherboard or is
a separate circuit board but is sometimes built into the
computer display unit.
18. 6/29/2024
LAN Card:
A network card, network adapter, LAN Adapter or NIC
(network interface card) is a piece of computer hardware
designed to allow computers to communicate over a
computer network.
19. 6/29/2024
Sound Card:
A sound card is a computer
component responsible for
generating and recording
audio. It enables users to
connect analog speakers,
headphones and
microphones to their
computer. Most modern
computers have a built-in
sound card in the
motherboard.
20. 6/29/2024
IF You want to Buy a Laptop What specification or
configuration you required?
Your Full Name?
Company Name
Processor Name
RAM & RAM type
HDD (Capacity)
SSD & it’s Capacity
Graphic Card (Yes/No)
Screen Size