Optimal Load flow control using UPFC method

Jan 31, 2015Download as pptx, pdf7 likes2,940 views

One large-scale network have been presented. The UPFC model itself showed to be very flexible, it takes in to account the various UPFC operating modes. UPFC is able to control active and reactive power flow in transmission line.

Presentation on
Optimal Load flow
control using UPFC
method

 The most common power system analysis tool
is the power flow (also known sometimes as
the load flow):
 power flow determines how the power flows in a
network
 also used to determine all bus voltages and all
currents,
 because of constant power models, power flow is a
nonlinear analysis technique,
 power flow is a steady-state analysis tool.

 First step in solving the power flow is to create what is
known as the bus admittance matrix, often called the
Ybus.
 The Ybus gives the relationships between all the bus
current injections, I, and all the bus voltages, V, I =
Ybus V
 The Ybus is developed by applying KCL at each bus in
the system to relate the bus current injections, the bus
voltages, and the branch impedances and admittances.

Determine the bus admittance matrix for the
network shown below.


| From | To | R | X | B/2 |
1 2 0.02 0.06 0.06;
1 3 0.08 0.24 0.05;
2 3 0.06 0.18 0.04;
2 4 0.06 0.18 0.04;
2 5 0.04 0.12 0.03;
3 4 0.01 0.03 0.02;
4 5 0.08 0.24 0.05];

 This method enables us to define the values of the
currents , the active and reactive powers, the active and
reactive power losses, and the power-factor of the
electrical supply network for different loads. It also
enables us to determine the degree of stability of the
network.

 programme_5busstart.m
 programme_5busybus.m
 programme_5busjacobian.m
 programme_5busnewt.m

* *
1 1
1
1
1
( )
(cos sin )( )
Resolving into the real and imaginary parts
( cos sin )
( sin cos
ik
n n
j
i i i i ik k i k ik ik
k k
n
i k ik ik ik ik
k
n
i i k ik ik ik ik Gi Di
k
n
i i k ik ik ik i
k
S P jQ V Y V V V e G jB
V V j G jB
P V V G B P P
Q V V G B

 
 
 
 



    
  
   
 
 


 )k Gi DiQ Q 

o UPFC is a FACTS device which enhance power
transmission capacity.
o able to control all parameters of power
transmission(voltage, impedance, and phase
angle).
o UPF provides a consistent format to specify
power design .

Optimal Load flow control using UPFC method

Tie line ! Active power
without ‘UPF’
Active power
with ‘UPF’
Change
1->2 77.9650 48.8279 -29.1326
1->3 74.1491 97.7007 23.5516
2->3 47.6626 14.1116 -33.551
2->4 47.3599 15.3646 -31.9953
2->5 44.8060 16.5174 -28.2886
3->4 12.0563 89.1578 77.1015
4->5 0.6754 19.7202 19.0448
Total active power
->
304.6698 301.4002

Tie line ! Reactive power
without ‘UPF’
Reactive power
with ‘UPF’
Change
1->2 19.5722 20.4738 0.9016
1->3 20.7756 17.1851 -3.5905
2->3 -14.7529 -20.0050 -5.2521
2->4 14.7751 18.6953 3.9202
2->5 -14.8020 -17.0622 -2.2602
3->4 -4.3399 1.9692 6.3091
4->5 -0.0715 0.1639 0.2354
Total Reactive
power ->
21.1566 21.4201

 Control of power flow
 Reduce reactive power flows, thus allowing the
lines to carry more active power.
 Increase the loading capability to their thermal
capabilities.
 Increase the system security through raising
transient stability limit.
 Provide greater flexibility in siting new
generation.

 One large-scale network have been presented.
The UPFC model itself showed to be very
flexible, it takes in to account the various UPFC
operating modes.
 UPFC is able to control active and reactive
power flow in transmission line.

 FACTS Modelling and simulation in Power networks,
Enrique Acha.
 ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM (FIFTH EDITION), C.
L. WADHWA.
 POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING (SECOND
EDITION) , D. P. KOTHARI & I.J NAGRATH
 IEEE 100, The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards
Terms, Seventh Edition. New York: Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

The significance of power factor correction (PFC) has long been visualized as a technology requirement for improving the efficiency of a power system network by compensating for the fundamental reactive power generated or consumed by simple inductive or capacitive loads. With the Information Age in full swing, the growth of high reliability, low cost electronic products have led utilities to escalate their power quality concerns created by the increase of such “switching loads.” These products include: entertainment devices such as Digital TVs, DVDs, and audio equipment; information technology devices such as PCs, printers, and fax-machines; variable speed motor drives for HVAC and white goods appliances; food preparation and cooking products such as microwaves and cook tops; and lighting products, which include electronic ballasts, LED and fluorescent lamps, and other power conversion devices that operate a variety of lamps. The drivers that have resulted in this proliferation are a direct result of the availability of low-cost switch-mode devices and control circuitry in all major end-use segments: residential, commercial, and industrial. In order to keep power quality under the limits proposed by standards, it is required to incorporate some sort of compensation. There are two basic types of PFC circuits: active and passive. The simplest power factor correctors can be implemented using a passive filter to suppress the harmonics in conjunction with capacitors or inductors to generate or consume the fundamental reactive power, respectively. Active power factor correction circuits have proven to be more effective, generally integrated with the switch-mode circuitry, and actively control the input current of the load. This enables the most efficient delivery of electrical power from the power grid to the load. The demand for new smart, green products has set the stage for a worldwide migration from antiquated passive circuits to active correctors as well as from traditional analog technology to digital techniques. New digital active power factor correction delivers better full- and light-load power efficiency while lowering system costs, enabling smaller designs and providing a clear path for further feature enhancements and improved competitive positioning for a whole host of consumer and industrial products. Cirrus Logic’s novel advances in digital active PFC technology signify a major enabling element in the development of the newest generation of low cost, energy-efficient switch mode products.

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Control of Active And reactive power flow in transmission line and power Osci...AM Publications

the continuous demand in electric power system network has caused the system to be heavily loaded leading to voltage instability. This paper describe the active approach to series line compensation, in which static voltage sourced converter, is used to provide controllable series compensation. This compensator is called as Static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). It injects the compensating voltage in phase quadrature with line current, it can emulate as inductive or capacitive reactance so as to influence the power flow in the line. With DC power supply it can also compensate the voltage drop across the resistive component of the line impedance. In addition, the series reactive compensation can greatly increase the power oscillation damping. Simulations have been done in MATLAB SIMULINK. Simulation results obtained for selected bus-2 in two machine power system. From the result we can investigate the effect of this device in controlling active and reactive power as well as damping power system oscillations in transient mode.

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International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education. International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.

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The document summarizes a research paper that proposes using an artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm to optimally place static var compensators (SVCs) in a power system to improve the voltage profile. The ABC algorithm is used to solve a multi-objective optimization problem to determine the optimal SVC location and size. The objectives are to minimize fuel costs, transmission losses, voltage deviations, and line flow limits. The algorithm is tested on the IEEE 30-bus test system and is able to improve the voltage profile compared to an optimal power flow without SVCs.

TRANSMISSION LOSS MINIMIZATION USING ADVANCED UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER (...ijiert bestjournal

The capability of transmission loss minimization of the power system network by advanced unified power flow controller (UPFC) is the main focus in this paper. An important factor effecting power transmission systems today is power flow control. The increment of load variation in a power transmission system can lead to potential failure on the entire system as the system has to work under a stressed condition. Thus, the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) are integrated in power system to control the active power and reactive power simultaneously in specific lines and improve the security of transmission line without violating economic generation dispatch. This paper presents Advanced Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) which can provide functional flexibility for loss minimization and voltage profile monitoring in a power system network. The UPFC devices are installed in the system based on voltage stability index in order to enhance the system security, performed on the IEEE 30-bus RTS for several loading conditions. Simulations were carried out using MATLAB software to check the performance of UPFC.

International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) ijceronline

A variable gain PI to improve the performances of a unified power flow contro...IJAEMSJORNAL

The instability problems in the electrical supply networks have had a great impact on recent research studies on modern devices. The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is one of the various FACTS (Flexible Alternative Current Transmission Sys-tems) devices that allow the electrical supply networks to be stable with a strong effectiveness. In this paper, the performances of such a device using both a classical PI and a variable gains PI controllers are examined. For this instance, the compensator is first stabilized before trying to stabilize the network. A series of comparative simulation tests have been undertaken for both regulators and analyzed. From the obtained results it is clearly shown that when the system is equipped with the variable gain PI regulator, the performance are much better.

LoadflowsynopsisArchana Yadav

The document discusses load flow analysis using the Newton-Raphson method. It provides background on load flow analysis and its importance. It describes classifying buses, constructing the bus admittance matrix, and developing the power flow equations. The Newton-Raphson method is presented as the preferred technique due to its powerful convergence, low computing time, and flexibility. Key steps include initializing bus voltages, calculating mismatches, and iterating to reduce mismatches.

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Gd3310901094IJERA Editor

This document summarizes a research paper that investigates optimally locating SVC and IPFC FACTS devices on the IEEE 30-bus system to reduce power losses and improve voltage profiles under normal, overload, and contingency conditions using Particle Swarm Optimization. The paper presents mathematical models of the SVC and IPFC and describes how PSO is used to determine the optimal location and ratings of the devices. Simulation results show that with optimally located SVC and IPFC, total power losses are reduced and voltage profiles are improved under various system conditions compared to without the FACTS devices.

Gd3310901094IJERA Editor

International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.

Voltage stability enhancement of a Transmission Line anirudh sharma

This document discusses enhancing voltage stability in transmission lines. The main goals are to provide security to the power system and control voltage instability considering both static and dynamic stability. This will be done using SVC, a FACTS device, to measure even minute voltage variations. The document outlines introducing SVC to control voltage, modeling the system in MATLAB, and studying previous research on maintaining power system stability using different devices.

Hybrid T-I-D and Fuzzy Logic Based SVC Controller for Transient Stability Enh...IJERA Editor

This paper presents a new approach to solve the transient stability problem. The conventional PI based SVC controller has simple functioning and is economical in operation but has sluggish performance with non-linear characteristics. so, in order to circumvent this problem, fuzzy based T-I-D controller has been designed to improve the transient stability of 2 machine 3 bus power system using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.

3.application of upfc in multi machine system for transient stability improve...EditorJST

The stability of an interconnected power system is compare to normal or stable operation after having been subjected to some form of disturbance. With interconnected systems continually growing in size and extending over vast geographical regions, it is becoming increasingly more difficult to maintain synchronism between various parts of the power system. This paper investigates the comparison of transient stability limit of a multi-machine power system with the help of a UPFC operated in perpendicular voltage control mode and their it’s comparison.

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40220140504001IAEME Publication

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The document discusses various models for analyzing electrical power systems with wind power generation, including: 1) Probabilistic distribution load flow models to examine the effects of wind generation on distribution systems. 2) Wind turbine models including constant power factor, variable reactive power, and constant voltage models. 3) Monte Carlo simulation and scenario reduction techniques to generate wind power scenarios. 4) A stochastic unit commitment problem formulation to minimize system costs while satisfying constraints. 5) The impact of large wind farms and wake effects on social welfare and power markets.

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The stability of an interconnected power system is compare to normal or stable operation after having been subjected to some form of disturbance. With interconnected systems continually growing in size and extending over vast geographical regions, it is becoming increasingly more difficult to maintain synchronism between various parts of the power system. This paper investigates the comparison of transient stabil ity limit of a multi-machine power system wi th the help of a UPFC operated in perpendicular vol tage control mo d e an d t h e i r i t ’ s c omp ar i s o n .

Application of SVC on IEEE 6 Bus System for Optimization of Voltage Stabilityijeei-iaes

The problem of voltage or current unbalance is gaining more attention recently with the increasing awareness on power quality. Excessive unbalance among the phase voltages or currents of a three phase power system has always been a concern to expert power engineers. The study of shunt connected FACTS devices is an associated field with the problem of reactive power compensation related problems in today’s world. In this study an IEEE-6 bus system has been studied & utilized in order to study the shunt operation of FACTS controller to optimize the voltage stability

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This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a variable step incremental conductance (VSIC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique for photovoltaic (PV) systems. The VSIC method aims to improve both the tracking speed and accuracy of the traditional incremental conductance (IC) method by varying the step size according to how far the operating power point is from the maximum power point. Simulation results presented in the paper show that the VSIC method achieves better tracking performance than the IC method with fixed step sizes, obtaining higher average power output while reducing voltage and current ripples near the maximum power point.

Attou. photovoltaic grid Boost ConverterAttou

This document provides a summary of a conference paper presented at the 1st International Conference on Electrical Energy and Systems in Annaba, Algeria from October 22-24th, 2013. The paper proposes a new maximum power point tracker (MPPT) using the Perturb and Observe algorithm to improve the energy conversion efficiency of photovoltaic power systems. Simulation results show that the proposed MPPT control method can avoid tracking deviations and improve both dynamic response and steady-state performance. Key aspects of the photovoltaic system model, boost converter design, proposed MPPT control algorithm, and simulation results demonstrating tracking of maximum power points are summarized.

Power flow control in parallel transmission lines based on UPFCjournalBEEI

The power flow controlled in the electric power network is one of the main factors that affected the modern power systems development. The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is a FACTS powerful device that can control both active and reactive power flow of parallel transmission lines branches. In this paper, modelling and simulation of active and reactive power flow control in parallel transmission lines using UPFC with adaptive neuro-fuzzy logic is proposed. The mathematical model of UPFC in power flow is also proposed. The results show the ability of UPFC to control the flow of powers components "active and reactive power" in the controlled line and thus the overall power regulated between lines.

Power Upgrading of Transmission Line by Combining AC DC Transmission and Anal...ijtsrd

This document discusses power upgrading of transmission lines by combining AC-DC transmission and analyzing a Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). It begins by introducing the basic concept of designing AC-DC power transmission lines with a single circuit AC line. It then discusses how a UPFC can control various parameters like terminal voltage, series compensation, and phase shift to control power flow. The document presents the design, simulation model, and results of a UPFC model in MATLAB-Simulink. It analyzes how a UPFC can improve voltage profile, reduce line congestion, improve transient stability, and achieve faster steady state conditions. In conclusion, it summarizes that a UPFC is a useful FACTS device for maintaining power system stability

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Optimal Load flow control using UPFC method

1. Presentation on Optimal Load flow control using UPFC method

2.  The most common power system analysis tool is the power flow (also known sometimes as the load flow):  power flow determines how the power flows in a network  also used to determine all bus voltages and all currents,  because of constant power models, power flow is a nonlinear analysis technique,  power flow is a steady-state analysis tool.

3.  First step in solving the power flow is to create what is known as the bus admittance matrix, often called the Ybus.  The Ybus gives the relationships between all the bus current injections, I, and all the bus voltages, V, I = Ybus V  The Ybus is developed by applying KCL at each bus in the system to relate the bus current injections, the bus voltages, and the branch impedances and admittances.

4. Determine the bus admittance matrix for the network shown below.

5.  | From | To | R | X | B/2 | 1 2 0.02 0.06 0.06; 1 3 0.08 0.24 0.05; 2 3 0.06 0.18 0.04; 2 4 0.06 0.18 0.04; 2 5 0.04 0.12 0.03; 3 4 0.01 0.03 0.02; 4 5 0.08 0.24 0.05];

6.  This method enables us to define the values of the currents , the active and reactive powers, the active and reactive power losses, and the power-factor of the electrical supply network for different loads. It also enables us to determine the degree of stability of the network.

7.  flow chart newton rapson method.docx

8.  programme_5busstart.m  programme_5busybus.m  programme_5busjacobian.m  programme_5busnewt.m

9. * * 1 1 1 1 1 ( ) (cos sin )( ) Resolving into the real and imaginary parts ( cos sin ) ( sin cos ik n n j i i i i ik k i k ik ik k k n i k ik ik ik ik k n i i k ik ik ik ik Gi Di k n i i k ik ik ik i k S P jQ V Y V V V e G jB V V j G jB P V V G B P P Q V V G B                                )k Gi DiQ Q 

10. o UPFC is a FACTS device which enhance power transmission capacity. o able to control all parameters of power transmission(voltage, impedance, and phase angle). o UPF provides a consistent format to specify power design .

12.  programme_5busupf.m

13. Tie line ! Active power without ‘UPF’ Active power with ‘UPF’ Change 1->2 77.9650 48.8279 -29.1326 1->3 74.1491 97.7007 23.5516 2->3 47.6626 14.1116 -33.551 2->4 47.3599 15.3646 -31.9953 2->5 44.8060 16.5174 -28.2886 3->4 12.0563 89.1578 77.1015 4->5 0.6754 19.7202 19.0448 Total active power -> 304.6698 301.4002

14. Tie line ! Reactive power without ‘UPF’ Reactive power with ‘UPF’ Change 1->2 19.5722 20.4738 0.9016 1->3 20.7756 17.1851 -3.5905 2->3 -14.7529 -20.0050 -5.2521 2->4 14.7751 18.6953 3.9202 2->5 -14.8020 -17.0622 -2.2602 3->4 -4.3399 1.9692 6.3091 4->5 -0.0715 0.1639 0.2354 Total Reactive power -> 21.1566 21.4201

15.  Control of power flow  Reduce reactive power flows, thus allowing the lines to carry more active power.  Increase the loading capability to their thermal capabilities.  Increase the system security through raising transient stability limit.  Provide greater flexibility in siting new generation.

16.  One large-scale network have been presented. The UPFC model itself showed to be very flexible, it takes in to account the various UPFC operating modes.  UPFC is able to control active and reactive power flow in transmission line.

17.  FACTS Modelling and simulation in Power networks, Enrique Acha.  ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM (FIFTH EDITION), C. L. WADHWA.  POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING (SECOND EDITION) , D. P. KOTHARI & I.J NAGRATH  IEEE 100, The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, Seventh Edition. New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

Optimal Load flow control using UPFC method

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