nginx: writing your first module

Feb 4, 2010Download as odp, pdf5 likes2,772 views

The document provides an overview of the nginx web server, describing its core features and modules for handling HTTP requests in an event-driven and non-blocking manner. It also outlines the process for creating custom modules, walking through the steps to create a simple "hello world" module that sets a request handler. The document encourages debugging and testing any new modules that are created.

FEATURES event driven non-blocking modular

BASE MODULES HTTP Core HTTP Upstream HTTP Access HTTP Auth Basic HTTP Auto Index Browser Charset FastCGI Gzip HTTP Headers HTTP Referer HTTP Limit Zone HTTP Limit Requests Log HTTP Proxy Rewrite SSI User ID

OPTIONAL HTTP Addition Embedded Perl FLV Gzip Precompression Random Index GeoIP Real IP SSL Stub Status WebDAV Google Perftools XSLT Secure Link Image Filter

NGINX MASTER Monitors worker processes Does all signal handlind work -INT — exit -HUP — reconfigure -USR1 — log rotate

NGINX WORKER Processes client's requests Performs master's command

CACHE MANAGER/LOADER Loads content from files Drops stale (expired) content

HANDLING REQUEST receive data parse the request find virtual server find location run through the phase handlers generate the response filter response headers filter response body send out the result to the client

$HANDLING PHASES typedef enum { NGX_HTTP_POST_READ_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_SERVER_REWRITE_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_FIND_CONFIG_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_REWRITE_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_POST_REWRITE_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_PREACCESS_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_ACCESS_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_POST_ACCESS_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_TRY_FILES_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_CONTENT_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_LOG_PHASE } ngx_http_phases;$

$STEP 1 static ngx_command_t ngx_http_hello_commands[] = { { ngx_string("hello"), NGX_HTTP_LOC_CONF|NGX_CONF_NOARGS, ngx_http_hello, 0, 0, NULL }, ngx_null_command };$

$STEP 2 static ngx_http_module_t ngx_http_hello_module_ctx = { NULL, /* preconfiguration */ NULL, /* postconfiguration */ NULL, /* create main configuration */ NULL, /* init main configuration */ NULL, /* create server configuration */ NULL, /* merge server configuration */ NULL, /* create location configurtion */ NULL /* merge location configuration */ }$

$STEP 3 ngx_module_t ngx_http_hello_module = { NGX_MODULE_V1, &ngx_http_hello_module_ctx, /* module context */ ngx_http_hello_commands, /* module directives */ NGX_HTTP_MODULE, /* module type */ NULL, /* init master */ NULL, /* init module */ NULL, /* init process */ NULL, /* init thread */ NULL, /* exit thread */ NULL, /* exit process */ NULL, /* exit master */ NGX_MODULE_V1_PADDING };$

$STEP 4 static char * ngx_http_hello(ngx_conf_t *cf, ngx_command_t *cmd, void *conf) { ngx_http_core_loc_conf_t *clcf; clcf = ngx_http_conf_get_module_loc_conf(cf, ngx_http_core_module); clcf->handler = ngx_http_hello_handler; return NGX_CONF_OK; }$

$STEP 5 static ngx_int_t ngx_http_hello_handler(ngx_http_request_t *r) { /* do it yourself */ return NGX_OK; }$

BUILDING Config file ngx_addon_name=ngx_http_hello_module HTTP_MODULES="$HTTP_MODULES ngx_http_hello_module" NGX_ADDON_SRCS="$NGX_ADDON_SRCS $ngx_addon_dir/ngx_http_hello_module.c" Configure nginx ./configure --add-module=path/to/your/new/module/directory

Does it work? You are sooo coool. Enjoy.

Nginx uses an event-driven architecture with a master process that manages worker processes. It handles requests non-blockingly and efficiently using techniques like memory pooling, buffer chaining, and an event-driven model. Key parts of the architecture include phases and handlers for HTTP requests, virtual servers, locations, and filters. Nginx also supports mail proxying and module development.

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nginx: writing your first module

1. FEERSUM ENJINN nginx: inside

2. FEATURES event driven non-blocking modular

3. CORE MODULES event http main

4. EASY TO REMEMBER

5. BASE MODULES HTTP Core HTTP Upstream HTTP Access HTTP Auth Basic HTTP Auto Index Browser Charset FastCGI Gzip HTTP Headers HTTP Referer HTTP Limit Zone HTTP Limit Requests Log HTTP Proxy Rewrite SSI User ID

6. OPTIONAL HTTP Addition Embedded Perl FLV Gzip Precompression Random Index GeoIP Real IP SSL Stub Status WebDAV Google Perftools XSLT Secure Link Image Filter

7. EASY EASY (SO, NO NEED TO LEARN IT)

8. PROCESSES

9. NGINX MASTER Monitors worker processes Does all signal handlind work -INT — exit -HUP — reconfigure -USR1 — log rotate

10. NGINX WORKER Processes client's requests Performs master's command

11. CACHE MANAGER/LOADER Loads content from files Drops stale (expired) content

12. HTTP REQUEST

13. HANDLING REQUEST receive data parse the request find virtual server find location run through the phase handlers generate the response filter response headers filter response body send out the result to the client

14. HANDLING PHASES typedef enum { NGX_HTTP_POST_READ_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_SERVER_REWRITE_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_FIND_CONFIG_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_REWRITE_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_POST_REWRITE_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_PREACCESS_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_ACCESS_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_POST_ACCESS_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_TRY_FILES_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_CONTENT_PHASE, NGX_HTTP_LOG_PHASE } ngx_http_phases;

15. YOUR OWN MODULE

16. HELLO WORLD

17. STEP 1 COMMANDS (CONFIG DIRECTIVES)

18. STEP 1 static ngx_command_t ngx_http_hello_commands[] = { { ngx_string("hello"), NGX_HTTP_LOC_CONF|NGX_CONF_NOARGS, ngx_http_hello, 0, 0, NULL }, ngx_null_command };

19. STEP 2 Module context

20. STEP 2 static ngx_http_module_t ngx_http_hello_module_ctx = { NULL, /* preconfiguration */ NULL, /* postconfiguration */ NULL, /* create main configuration */ NULL, /* init main configuration */ NULL, /* create server configuration */ NULL, /* merge server configuration */ NULL, /* create location configurtion */ NULL /* merge location configuration */ }

21. STEP 3 Module definition

22. STEP 3 ngx_module_t ngx_http_hello_module = { NGX_MODULE_V1, &ngx_http_hello_module_ctx, /* module context */ ngx_http_hello_commands, /* module directives */ NGX_HTTP_MODULE, /* module type */ NULL, /* init master */ NULL, /* init module */ NULL, /* init process */ NULL, /* init thread */ NULL, /* exit thread */ NULL, /* exit process */ NULL, /* exit master */ NGX_MODULE_V1_PADDING };

23. STEP 4 Setting handlers up

24. STEP 4 static char * ngx_http_hello(ngx_conf_t *cf, ngx_command_t *cmd, void *conf) { ngx_http_core_loc_conf_t *clcf; clcf = ngx_http_conf_get_module_loc_conf(cf, ngx_http_core_module); clcf->handler = ngx_http_hello_handler; return NGX_CONF_OK; }

25. STEP 5 Your handler

26. STEP 5 static ngx_int_t ngx_http_hello_handler(ngx_http_request_t *r) { /* do it yourself */ return NGX_OK; }

27. BUILDING Config file ngx_addon_name=ngx_http_hello_module HTTP_MODULES="$HTTP_MODULES ngx_http_hello_module" NGX_ADDON_SRCS="$NGX_ADDON_SRCS $ngx_addon_dir/ngx_http_hello_module.c" Configure nginx ./configure --add-module=path/to/your/new/module/directory

28. COMPILE

29. DEBUG

30. Valgring Strace GDB TOOLS

31. Does it work? You are sooo coool. Enjoy.

nginx: writing your first module

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