The document discusses using microservices and Docker containers to break up a Magento application into independently scalable and manageable components. It defines microservices as independently deployable services that communicate over the network, and Docker containers as a way to package and run microservices. Some benefits of using microservices with Docker include simplified development and operations, lower costs through optimized infrastructure usage, and improved portability and repeatability. An example use case for breaking a Magento application into Dockerized microservices is presented.