Metrics Driven Development and DevOps - Agile 2014

• Ernest Mueller (@ernestmueller)
• Karthik Gaekwad (@iteration1)

@ernestmueller @iteration1#Agile2014

• Senior Engineer @Signal
Sciences
• Previous:
• 10 years building products-
agile/cloud/devops teams

• Product Manager at
Copperegg
• Previous:
• 20 years in IT – dev, ops,
management

Our Goal For You Today
• Empower you with new ideas to bring your
organization together!
• Metrics. What are they?
• How to use metrics for good, as illustrated by
three Epic Rap Battles of History!
– Dev vs Ops (What is this… DevOps?)
– Small vs Large Org
– Scrum vs Kanban

What Are Metrics?
• A quantifiable measure of any component or
process whose change is of interest to your
business.
– Business!
– Application!
– System!
– People!
– Process!
– Not: Meaningless numbers!

Metrics Driven Development and DevOps - Agile 2014

• Tasked with building new cloud business for the
organization.
• Understand how cloud technologies can impact
bottom line.
• Build products customers will want from the new
business unit.
– Read, startup inside a bigger organization
Story Time: Our context

• Used ‘Lean Startup’ ideas to power new area.
– Able to define an MVP (Minimum Viable
Product).
– Easier to define workflow for something brand
new.
– No confusion with existing processes.
• Once we started to see value, retrofitted to
other parts of the org.
Lean Startup Applied

Showing progress
• Initially- we had weekly
progress/status meetings with
stakeholders.
• Cross functional team with
business/marketing/engineering.

Metrics
• Pivot: change conversations to metrics instead.
• Agreed on metrics that we wanted to track
– Stakeholder input
• “What do you want out of this?”
• “How quickly do you want this?”
• …Okay, let’s measure this!

Tracked Metrics
• Tracked actionable metrics (dev and business):
– # Users signing up per week
– # Active sessions per day/week
– # of compiles sent per week
– # unique data points sent per week

Pro Tip: Metrics
• Link all your metrics from one
dashboard.
– Business (Ex: User logins)
– Dev (Ex: Performance
metrics)
– Ops (Ex: DB CPU Usage)
• One bookmark to rule them
all.

Pro Tip: Metrics
• Don’t use yet another
username/password scheme.
• You’ll lose your users really
fast!

Pro Tip: Metrics
• Try to use a tool that can handle different kinds
of metrics.
• Shoutouts:
– Statsd
– Datadog

End Result
• Business and engineering on the same
page.
• Management looking at metrics without
having “meetings to look at metrics”.
• Became a part of the culture.
• Innovate faster because different
teams were in sync.

Operations
What is it?
Why Do You Care?

Other Kinds Of Operations
• Wikipedia quoth:
• Business operations is the harvesting of
value from assets owned by a business
• Operations management is […] overseeing,
designing, and controlling the process of
production and redesigning business
operations in the production of goods or
services.

Technical Operations
• “Operations: The New Secret Sauce” – Tim
O’Reilly (2006)
• Without the ability to
– Release changes
– Quickly respond to change
– Provide a service without interruption
– Operate cost effectively
Your service is borked.

What Does Operations Do?
• Build Servers, OS, Virtualization/Cloud
• Install/Upgrade Software
• Install Applications/Release Process/Move to Prod
• Configure Network, Load Balancers, Storage, etc.
• Security testing, reporting, and hardening
• Reliability (scaling, backups)
• Performance management (apps, systems)
• Scalability (capacity planning to autoscaling)

What Else Does Operations Do?
• Availability – Responsible for service being up
• Incident Response
• Fulfill Requests
• Budgeting/Contracts/Cost Tracking/Reduction
• Monitor all of that
• Much more
• So besides “they run the services,” the critical
final piece of your value chain, they have access
to many of the things you want metrics from

Code – Operations =

Story Time: Black Friday
• Every year, a huge spike in usage
• Uptime and performance critical to retailers
during the period
• Product directly contributed to conversion
• Metrics crucial to plan the period, execute
through the period, report how we did

Metrics From…
From:
• Servers
• Applications/App Logs
• App Servers/Software
• Network
• Data Stores
• Web Servers/CDNs
• Client Browsers
• Alerts
• Tickets
Using:
• Open source monitoring
tools (Zabbix, nagios)
• SaaS (SumoLogic,
PagerDuty)
• JIRA
• Custom (Web front end
analytics w.Hadoop)
• Custom (Amazon cost
analytics w.GoodData)
• Custom (Metrics
Dashboard)

DEVOPS

What is DevOps?

Metrics Promote DevOps
• How do you get the cat inside the circle?
Herding cats is hard. Some people aren’t cat
people.
• Metrics can be used to promote culture,
understanding, and collaboration
• Metrics help keep those different disciplines in
sync by providing tangible collaboration points
• MTTD, MTTR, performance metrics, events
• Bringing all the discipline’s metrics together
cover your whole value chain “code to cash”

IT + DevOps = ?
• Many IT teams implement Agile today
• They can implement DevOps too
• But to do either, they have to change how they
interact with others
• Focus on customer’s needs not own needs;
cloud/SaaS providing “competitive pressure”
• Practice Theory of Constraints – embed when
possible, even if you need to add some
• Add devs and automate

Metrics 101: Culture of communication
• Talk in terms of metrics
– Builds common ground between different
roles.
– Understand different perspectives.
– Find the best way to get everyone talking in 1
place.

Metrics 201
• Push your metrics into your conversation tool
• Use tools that everyone likes:
– IRC v/s Hipchat/slack
• Integrate your metrics into a channel
– “Deployment channel” in your chat

Culture of communication
• Find a way to get people talking.
• Find face to face time with stakeholders.
• Metrics are that specific item to have a
conversation around.
• Engineering teams love IRC, but business and
PM’s might not as much.
• Transitioned to Slack/Hipchat (integrations and
message history)
• Leads to visibility and builds trust 74

End Result
• Metrics drive conversations between everyone.
• Enhances productivity.
• Helped us streamline our process.

Large Mature Org
• Hundreds of developers
• Many teams (many goals, processes)
• Distributed teams
• International teams
• Outsourcers
• Various Weird Partner Relationships
77

Large Org Problems
• Silos Galore
• Communication Problems
• Annoying Compliance Requirements
• Profitability Actually Important
• Less pure greenfield work – also
responsibility for many existing
mature systems

Story Time
• Story Time: SaaS product, 40 Engineers, 2/3
outsourced, mostly maintenance but extreme
scale (1/3 of staff were Ops)
• Lots of support initiated urgent customer
requests
• Dev still required for features,
integration/transition with newer services, bug
fix, scaling
• Team morale issues

Metrics 101
• First, add Agile. (Previously the ‘stew method’)
• Basic Metrics – number of tickets (100+ in queue
at any time), size of backlog (500 or so bugs
and stories), rate of new inflow and completion.
• Used to fix misunderstanding from upper
management and correct resourcing
• Next step on metrics – how to balance the
support work and new work?

Metrics 201
• Metrics 201
Velocity

Metrics 201
• Balancing these two metrics was the key to
satisfying customers short and long term.
• But it’s not an either-or - by seeing the effects
of people, process, and technology changes on
those metrics we drove SLA from <50% to
100% and kept velocity growing (20.. 50… 200…)
• Having the metrics to focus on gave shared
purpose and eased communication with the large
distributed team
• Experiment, see the impact, pivot.

Metrics 301
• Monthly “Operational
Excellence (Metrics)
Meeting”
• Teams presented their
metrics portfolio – with
some variation as
appropriate
• Drawn from system info,
app metrics, db reports,
Salesforce, surveys, etc.
• Keep it lean!!!
• Revenue and Cost
• Product Usage
• Performance
• Availability
• Client Satisfaction
• Employee Satisfaction
• Quality
• Security

Metrics 401 - A/B Testing
• All features had usage measured
• Feature flags would turn features on for
customer subsets to measure usage, effect on
conversion, etc. before committing
• Sometimes you had to kill it despite work spent
• Retooling could save a high profile failure
• “Yes, product guy, you have to.”
• Look for things metrics say you can kill – it’s the
only way to stay lean long term

KANBAN

Here’s why…
• How many meetings?
• “Short planning meeting”?
• How often do these go long?
• Wait how long before prioritizing a feature/bug?
• Role of a dedicated scrum master is a luxury.
• Derailed sprints because of changing business
priorities…

Why Kanban?
• Limited number of WIP tasks in play.
• Easier to prioritize. There is only 1 list!
• Standups are simpler.
• Task estimates in days versus hours (1/2 day->7
day).
• Research tasks to figure out how long something
may take.
94

Kanban benefits
• Kanban + CI == Solved our issue of “when to
release”. Didn’t have to wait for release windows
like in scrum.
• Less stressful == Only x number of tasks going
on at once. Easier to measure.
• Velocity is awesome!
95

Kanban Metrics
• Things we track:
– Visualized board (JIRA Greenhopper)
– Cycle Time (How fast something gets done)
– WIP (Work/Tasks in progress)
– Flow diagram
– %of bugs

SCRUM

Scrum Rules
• Have used Scrum for both pure Ops and
Dev+Ops teams

Kanban Drools
• Deadlines help maintain tempo – we had multiple
releases a sprint, don’t need to tie them together
• You can reliably commit to a near term ETA with
Scrum instead of just “when it’s done”
• Scrum has a better backlog (esp. in JIRA!)
• Many people “doing Kanban” are really “doing
nothing”, like some doing “Agile” are really doing
“cowboy coding.” Kanban takes more discipline
and training than Scrum.

Scrum and Metrics
• Velocity is easier for people to understand than
flow diagrams

But I Hear Kanban Is Better For Ops
• In a DevOps world, most Ops work SHOULD
NOT be interrupt driven – it’s project work just
like the devs are doing
• Dev and Ops expedite work approach each other
in magnitude over time assuming appropriate
investment in automation
• You may be thinking of “Level 1 Support” or “The
Helpdesk” – that is NOT an Ops Engineer

Scrum for Ops?
• Devs have to be involved in major incidents too!
• Over the length of a sprint, the interrupt level
evens out – my metrics show that velocity
doesn’t vary more than with dev teams
• You manage WIP in your scrum too

Complications Scrum Helps
• Distributed teams need more communication
ceremonies
• Foreign/contract workers need more
communication ceremonies
• Same process across teams is better – in most
cases other teams were using Scrum
• Simple common metrics -> better collaboration
• When starting from zero, Scrum was the
quickest path to team continuous improvement

YOU
DECIDE@ernestmueller @iteration1#Agile2014

Using Metrics For Evil

Demand Perfection

Recap
• Metrics are good - use them, be
guided by them, communicate with
them.

Recap
• Metrics can enhance your:
–Culture
–Productivity
–Process

Recap
• Use them for good, not for evil.

@ernestmueller
@iteration1
theagileadmin.com

Metrics Driven Development and DevOps - Agile 2014

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