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Linux commands
- 1. Linux Commands Top linux commands for basic usage and pentesters
- 2. mkdir : • Use mkdir command to make a new directory — if you type mkdir Music it will create a directory called Music. There are extra mkdir commands as well: • To generate a new directory inside another directory, use this Linux basic command mkdir Music/Newfile
- 3. rmdir : • If you need to delete a directory, use the rmdir command. However, rmdir only allows you to delete empty directories.
- 4. ps • ps for viewing information related with the processes on a system which stands as abbreviation for “Process Status”
- 5. whoami • It displays the username of the current user when this command is invoked.
- 6. df • Use df command to get a report on the system’s disk space usage, shown in percentage and KBs. If you want to see the report in megabytes, type df -m.
- 7. date • date command is used to display the system date and time
- 8. ping • Use the ping command to check your connectivity status to a server. For example, by simply entering ping google.com, the command will check whether you’re able to connect to Google and also measure the response time
- 9. wget • The Linux command line is super useful — you can even download files from the internet with the help of the wget command. To do so, simply type wget followed by the download link.
- 10. whois • The whois system is a listing of records that contains details about both the ownership of domains and the owners. • A typical whois record will contain the following information: The name and contact information of the registrant: The owner of the domain. The name and contact information of the registrar: The organization that registered the domain name. The registration date. When the information was last updated. The expiration date.
- 11. cd • To navigate through the Linux files and directories, use the cd command. It requires either the full path or the name of the directory, depending on the current working directory that you’re in • cd .. (with two dots) to move one directory up
- 12. ls • The ls command is used to view the contents of a directory. By default, this command will display the contents of your current working directory. If you want to see the content of other directories, type ls and then the directory’s path. For example, enter ls /home/username/Documents to view the content of Documents. There are variations you can use with the ls command: ls -R will list all the files in the sub-directories as well ls -a will show the hidden files ls -al will list the files and directories with detailed information like the permissions, size, owner, etc
- 13. man • man command in Linux is used to display the user manual of any command that we can run on the terminal. It provides a detailed view of the command which includes NAME, SYNOPSIS, DESCRIPTION, OPTIONS, EXIT STATUS, RETURN VALUES, ERRORS, FILES, VERSIONS
- 14. Cat • Display text file on screen • Read text file
- 15. cp • Use the cp command to copy files from the current directory to a different directory. For instance, the command cp scenery.jpg /home/username/Pictures would create a copy of scenery.jpg (from your current directory) into the Pictures directory
- 16. mv • The primary use of the mv command is to move files, although it can also be used to rename files. The arguments in mv are similar to the cp command. You need to type mv, the file’s name, and the destination’s directory. For example: mv file.txt /home/username/Documents. To rename files, the Linux command is mv oldname.ext newname.ext
- 17. rm • rm command is used to remove objects such as files, directories, symbolic links and so on from the file system like UNIX
- 18. touch • The touch command allows you to create a blank new file through the Linux command line. As an example, enter touch /home/username/Documents/Web.html to create an HTML file entitled Web under the Documents directory.
- 19. Grep • Another basic Linux command that is undoubtedly helpful for everyday use is grep. It lets you search through all the text in a given file. To illustrate, grep blue notepad.txt will search for the word blue in the notepad file. Lines that contain the searched word will be displayed fully.
- 20. sudo • Short for “SuperUser Do”, this command enables you to perform tasks that require administrative or root permissions.
- 21. head • The head command is used to view the first lines of any text file. By default, it will show the first ten lines, but you can change this number to your liking. For example, if you only want to show the first five lines, type head -n 5 filename.ext
- 22. tail • This one has a similar function to the head command, but instead of showing the first lines, the tail command will display the last ten lines of a text file. For example, tail -n filename.ext
- 23. Histroy • history command is used to view the previously executed command
- 24. Chmod • chmod is another Linux command, used to change the read, write, and execute permissions of files and directories.
- 25. Some More Commands : • w : w command in Linux is used to show who is logged on and what they are doing. This command shows the information about the users currently on the machine and their processes • ps : It provides useful commands for investigating process IDs, shows the status of a running process. Use this command to determine a running application or confirm an expected process • Ifconfig : ifconfig is used to configure, or view the configuration of, a network interface. • Dig : The dig command in Linux is used to gather DNS information.