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Lesson #04 - Software Engineering - Lecture.pdf
- 1. Software Engineering Lesson #04 - Lecture
- 2. Lesson #04 - Lecture
- 3. Your KBTU 202409 Software Engineering class information is updating … Lesson #04 update is in progress This will take around 2 hours to complete Please, don’t turn off your head
- 4. Software Engineering Part 1. Introduction to Software Engineering
- 5. Part 1. Introduction to Software Engineering #include<iostream> Using namespace std; int main() { cout << “System modeling” << endl; return 0; }
- 7. Agenda: Lesson #04 - Software Engineering - Lecture 1 Introduction & Context models 2 Interaction models & Structural models 3 Behavioral models 4 Model-driven engineering
- 8. Agenda: Lesson #04 - Software Engineering - Lecture 1 Introduction & Context models 2 Interaction models & Structural models 3 Behavioral models 4 Model-driven engineering
- 9. System modeling is the process of developing abstract models of a system, with each model presenting a different view or perspective of that system System modeling now usually means representing a system using some kind of graphical notation based on diagram types in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) Introduction & Context models Introduction
- 10. Models are used during the requirements engineering process to help derive the detailed requirements for a system, during the design process to describe the system to engineers implementing the system, and after implementation to document the system’s structure and operation Introduction & Context models Introduction
- 11. You may develop models of both the existing system and the system to be developed: ■ Models of the existing system are used during requirements engineering ■ They help clarify what the existing system does, and they can be used to focus a stakeholder discussion on its strengths and weaknesses Introduction & Context models Introduction
- 12. You may develop models of both the existing system and the system to be developed: ■ Models of the new system are used during requirements engineering to help explain the proposed requirements to other system stakeholders ■ Engineers use these models to discuss design proposals and to document the system for implementation Introduction & Context models Introduction
- 13. It is important to understand that a system model is not a complete representation of system Introduction & Context models Introduction
- 14. The detail and rigor of a model depend on how you intend to use it There are three ways in which graphical models are commonly used: - As a way to stimulate and focus discussion about an existing or proposed system Introduction & Context models Introduction
- 15. The detail and rigor of a model depend on how you intend to use it There are three ways in which graphical models are commonly used: - As a way of documenting an existing system Introduction & Context models Introduction
- 16. The detail and rigor of a model depend on how you intend to use it There are three ways in which graphical models are commonly used: - As a detailed system description that can be used to generate a system implementation Introduction & Context models Introduction
- 17. UML (Unified Modelling Language) -> 14 diagram types Widely used 5 diagram types ● Activity diagrams ● Use case diagrams ● Sequence diagrams ● Class diagrams ● State diagrams Introduction & Context models Introduction
- 20. At an early stage in the specification of a system, you should decide on the system boundaries, that is, on what is and is not part of the system being developed This involves working with system stakeholders to decide what functionality should be included in the system and what processing and operations should be carried out in the system’s operational environment Introduction & Context models Context models
- 21. Context models are used to illustrate the operational context of a system - they show what lies outside the system boundaries The definition of a system boundary is not a value-free judgment Social and organizational concerns may mean that the position of a system boundary may be determined by nontechnical factors Introduction & Context models Context models
- 22. Once some decisions on the boundaries of the system have been made, part of the analysis activity is the definition of that context and the dependencies that a system has on its environment Normally, producing a simple architectural model is the first step in this activity Introduction & Context models Context models
- 23. Agenda: Lesson #04 - Software Engineering - Lecture 1 Introduction & Context models 2 Interaction models & Structural models 3 Behavioral models 4 Model-driven engineering
- 24. All systems involve interaction of some kind. This can be user interaction, which involves user inputs and outputs; interaction between the software being developed and other systems in its environment; or interaction between the components of a software system User interaction modeling is important as it helps to identify user requirements Interaction models & Structural models Interaction models
- 25. This section discusses two related approaches to interaction modeling: ● Use case modeling, which is mostly used to model interactions between a system and external agents (human users or other systems) ● Sequence diagrams, which are used to model interactions between system components, although external agents may also be included Interaction models & Structural models Interaction models
- 26. Use case modeling - A use case can be taken as a simple description of what a user expects from a system in that interaction - Each use case represents a discrete task that involves external interaction with a system Interaction models & Structural models Interaction models
- 27. Use case modeling Interaction models & Structural models Interaction models
- 28. Sequence diagrams ● Sequence diagrams in the UML are primarily used to model the interactions between the actors and the objects in a system and the interactions between the objects themselves ● The UML has a rich syntax for sequence diagrams, which allows many different kinds of interaction to be modeled Interaction models & Structural models Interaction models
- 29. Sequence diagrams Interaction models & Structural models Interaction models
- 30. Structural models of software display the organization of a system in terms of the components that make up that system and their relationships Structural models may be ● static models, which show the organization of the system design, or ● dynamic models, which show the organization of the system when it is executing Interaction models & Structural models Structural models
- 31. Class diagrams ● Class diagrams are used when developing an object-oriented system model to show the classes in a system and the associations between these classes ● Loosely, an object class can be thought of as a general definition of one kind of system object Interaction models & Structural models Structural models
- 32. Class diagrams ● An association is a link between classes indicating that some relationship exists between these classes ● Consequently, each class may have to have some knowledge of its associated class Interaction models & Structural models Structural models
- 33. Class diagrams Interaction models & Structural models Structural models
- 34. Agenda: Lesson #04 - Software Engineering - Lecture 1 Introduction & Context models 2 Interaction models & Structural models 3 Behavioral models 4 Model-driven engineering
- 35. Behavioral models are models of the dynamic behavior of a system as it is executing They show what happens or what is supposed to happen when a system responds to a stimulus from its environment Behavioral models Behavioral models
- 36. These stimuli may be either data or events: ● Data becomes available that has to be processed by the system. The availability of the data triggers the processing ● An event happens that triggers system processing. Events may have associated data, although this is not always the case Behavioral models Behavioral models
- 37. Data-driven modeling ● Data-driven models show the sequence of actions involved in processing input data and generating an associated output ● They can be used during the analysis of requirements as they show end-to-end processing in a system Behavioral models Behavioral models
- 38. Event-driven modeling ● Event-driven modeling shows how a system responds to external and internal events ● It is based on the assumption that a system has a finite number of states and that events (stimuli) may cause a transition from one state to another Behavioral models Behavioral models
- 39. Model-driven engineering ● Model-driven engineering (MDE) is an approach to software development whereby models rather than programs are the principal outputs of the development process (Brambilla, Cabot, and Wimmer 2012) ● The programs that execute on a hardware/software platform are generated automatically from the models Behavioral models Behavioral models
- 40. Agenda: Lesson #04 - Software Engineering - Lecture 1 Introduction & Context models 2 Interaction models & Structural models 3 Behavioral models 4 Model-driven engineering
- 41. Model-driven architecture (Mellor, Scott, and Weise 2004; Stahl and Voelter 2006) is a model-focused approach to software design and implementation that uses a subset of UML models to describe a system Model-driven engineering Model-driven engineering
- 42. The MDA method recommends that three types of abstract system model should be produced: ● A computation independent model (CIM) CIMs model the important domain abstractions used in a system and so are sometimes called domain models. You may develop several different CIMs, reflecting different views of the system. Model-driven engineering Model-driven engineering
- 43. The MDA method recommends that three types of abstract system model should be produced: ● A platform-independent model (PIM) PIMs model the operation of the system without reference to its implementation. A PIM is usually described using UML models that show the static system structure and how it responds to external and internal events Model-driven engineering Model-driven engineering
- 44. The MDA method recommends that three types of abstract system model should be produced: ● Platform-specific models (PSM) PSMs are transformations of the platform-independent model with a separate PSM for each application platform. In principle, there may be layers of PSM, with each layer adding some platform-specific detail Model-driven engineering Model-driven engineering
- 46. MD engineering
- 47. 10 to 3 to 1 or Pixel Perfect Prototype
- 48. Agenda: Lesson #04 - Software Engineering - Lecture Q & A