Is2215 lecture7 lecturer_ado_intro

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This document discusses ADO.NET and how it can be used to interact with databases in Visual Basic.NET. ADO.NET uses a disconnected data model that allows applications to query databases without maintaining an open connection. It keeps a local copy of queried data in a dataset object. The main components of ADO.NET - connection, command, data adapter, and dataset - are introduced. Code examples are provided to demonstrate connecting to an Access database and retrieving, displaying, and navigating records using ADO.NET.

ADO .NET

 ADO.NET is an OO framework that allows
you to interact with DBs
 Can use ADO.NET through code, or by using
bounded controls
 ADO.NET extremely flexible and efficient

ADO.NET

 Previously applications would talk to Database
using SQL
 The application would be constantly connected
to the DB
 We still use SQL but the data is disconnected
 It will connect to a database server when it
needs to run a query and then disconnects
immediately
 ADO.NET still provides the connection
oriented traditional approach.

Traditional Data Access
Architecture

1. Makes a Connection
2. Pass some query to DB and reads result
3. Pass another query to DB and reads result
4. Disconnects from DB System

ADO.NET Disconnected Model

1. Make a connection
2. Pass query and gets back result
3. Disconnects
4. Makes connection again
5. Passes another query and gets result
6. Disconnects from the DB

ADO.NET

 Keeps a local virtual copy of the database in
your application
 All of the generic classes for data access are
stored in the System.Data Namespace.

ADO.NET

 ADO.NET uses managed providers to
connect to databases
 Managed providers allow fast data streams
from databases
 Deals with security such as database locks,
passwords etc.,

Main Components of ADO.NET

Object Description

Connection Creates a connection to the data
source
Command Provides access to commands
that can be executed against the
data source
DataAdapter Serves as an ambassador
between your dataset and
datasource, maps instructions
between the two
DataSet Provides an in-memory
representation of your data source
DataReader Read-Only forward stream
containing your data

Advantages

 Interoperability
 Data is transported as XML
 Can be read by anyone on any platform
 Scalability
 Client Server model is gone
 ADO promotes the use of disconnected datasets
 Productivity
 Quicker
 Less Bugs

Advantages Cont’d

 Performance
 Disconnected datasets
 Database Server is no longer a bottleneck
 Performance boost
 Concurrency
 Database not locked out all the time

Using ADO.NET in Code

1. Set up your objects
2. Connect to DB using connection object
3. Set up the data adapter
4. Copy data from data adapter to Dataset

Connecting to a DB in Code
USING ADO.NET WITH ACCESS DB

Doing it In Code

 An access Database Table
 It will be represented in our DataSet as a Table
 The first table is given an index of 0
 The first row in the table has an index value of 0
also
 The first column has a value of 0

The Code

Fill the DataSet using the DataAdapter

The Code – Displaying the
DataSet Contents
 Point a textbox to a row and column of the dataset
Table
 Point a DataGrid control at a DataSet

.........................................................................................................
.

 Point a textbox to a row and column of the dataset
Table
 Point a DataGrid control at a DataSet

.........................................................................................................
.

ADO.NET provides a disconnected data access model that establishes connections to databases only when needed to execute commands or retrieve data. This improves performance, security, and scalability compared to ADO which uses a connected model. ADO.NET relies on two main components - the DataSet, which stores an in-memory copy of retrieved data, and Data Providers which include Connection, Command, DataReader and DataAdapter classes to interface with databases and populate/update the DataSet.

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Ado.netOm Prakash

Connected data classesaspnet123

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Microsoft data access componentsShiva Krishna Chandra Shekar

Marmagna desaijmsthakur

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Risk08adannygriff1

The document discusses risk and return, including expected return, variance, and standard deviation. It provides examples of how to calculate expected return by taking the returns of individual outcomes and multiplying by their probabilities. It also explains how to calculate variance and standard deviation as measures of risk and dispersion around the mean. The standard deviation is the square root of the variance and provides a measure of risk in the same units as the data. Riskier investments are expected to provide higher returns through a risk premium.

Npvriskdannygriff1

The document discusses risk in investment projects. It defines risk as the possibility of more than one outcome for an investment. It then discusses various ways to incorporate risk into a project appraisal, including sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, and adjusting the discount rate used. Sensitivity analysis involves changing individual variables to see the impact on NPV, while scenario analysis considers the joint impact of changes to multiple variables simultaneously.

Npv2214(1)dannygriff1

The document discusses key concepts related to value, money, wealth, and investment decision making. It defines monetary value as the common denominator used to determine an asset's worth. It also explains that future cash flows determine an asset's value, but more distant cash flows are less valuable due to factors like the ability to invest money now and earn returns. The document recommends investing in projects with internal rates of return higher than the cost of capital in the market.

Irr(1)dannygriff1

This document discusses several capital budgeting techniques: 1) The payback period measures the number of years to recover the initial investment of a project. However, it ignores cash flows beyond the payback period. 2) The book rate of return measures average income divided by average book value of assets. It does not consider the time value of money. 3) The internal rate of return (IRR) is the discount rate that sets the net present value (NPV) of a project to zero. It is commonly used but can be problematic for multi-period projects or when projects have different scales. 4) The profitability index is the NPV divided by initial investment. It generally agrees with NPV

Npv ruledannygriff1

The document discusses investment decision rules for maximizing wealth. It illustrates that the best strategy is to invest in real assets only if their rate of return exceeds the capital market rate of return. The decision rule is to accept projects with an expected rate of return greater than the capital market. It also discusses using net present value (NPV) to directly measure how much a project adds to wealth, and to accept projects where NPV is positive to maximize wealth.

Ec2204 tutorial 8(2)dannygriff1

Ec2204 tutorial 3(1)dannygriff1

This document provides an overview of elasticity concepts including definitions of price elasticity of demand, income elasticity, and cross price elasticity. It discusses how price elasticity of demand is calculated using the percentage change in quantity demanded over the percentage change in price. Demand can be elastic, inelastic, or unit elastic based on this calculation. Factors that affect elasticity include availability of substitutes, necessity of the good, total expenditure, and adjustment time. The relationship between price changes, elasticity, and changes in total revenue is also covered.

Ec2204 tutorial 1(2)dannygriff1

This document provides an overview of a tutorial on managerial economics and economic theory for an academic year at the Centre for Policy Studies, University College Cork. It discusses key concepts like resource allocation and levels of decision making. It also summarizes the importance of environmental analysis for organizations, breaking the environment into internal, micro-environment and macro-environment factors. The macro or PEST factors of political, economic, sociocultural and technological forces that influence organizations are defined.

6 price and output determination- monopolydannygriff1

5 industry structure and competition analysisdannygriff1

This document discusses industry structure and competition analysis. It defines the four main market structures - perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. It explains how to calculate concentration ratios and interpret Herfindahl index values to determine the level of competition within an industry. The document provides examples of concentration ratios for various industries and demonstrates how to calculate a 4-firm concentration ratio to compare the competitiveness of the computer and mobile phone industries.

4 production and costdannygriff1

This document discusses production and cost concepts. It begins by listing learning outcomes related to production functions, costs, efficiency, and Cobb-Douglas production functions. It then covers short-run and long-run production functions, the law of diminishing returns, costs including total, average, and marginal costs, and the three stages of production. It provides examples of production functions and discusses the relationship between inputs and output as well as returns to scale.

3 consumer choicedannygriff1

This document discusses consumer choice theory and how consumers make decisions. It covers key concepts like indifference curves, which represent different combinations of goods that provide the same level of utility. Budget constraints show the combinations of goods that can be purchased given an income level. The consumer equilibrium occurs at the point where the indifference curve is tangent to the budget constraint, maximizing utility subject to the budget. Changes in prices can cause the budget constraint to shift, changing consumption. Demand curves can be derived from indifference curves at different price points. Income and substitution effects also influence demand in response to price changes.

2 demand-supply and elasticitydannygriff1

Okay, here are the steps: 1) Demand function: P = 15 - Q/10 2) Total Revenue function: TR = P * Q 3) Substitute P into TR: TR = (15 - Q/10) * Q 4) Take the derivative of TR with respect to Q to find MR: MR = 15 - 2Q/10 5) Set MR = 0 to find the quantity where TR is maximized: 15 - 2Q/10 = 0 2Q/10 = 15 Q = 75 So total revenue is maximized at a quantity of 75 units, where the price is €7.50 (using the demand function) and elasticity is

1 goals of the firmdannygriff1

This document provides an overview of economics of enterprise. It begins by outlining the learning outcomes which include describing objectives of firms, theories of profit, and distinguishing between accounting and economic costs. It then discusses the business environment using PEST analysis, describing the political/legal, economic, social/cultural and technological factors firms must consider. Next, it explains the decision making process firms use to establish objectives and strategies. It also discusses objectives of firms including profit maximization. Theories of profit like risk-bearing, monopoly, and innovation are also summarized. Not-for-profit sectors and their objectives are briefly covered. Finally, it distinguishes between accounting and economic costs.

Is2215 lecture3 student (1)dannygriff1

The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts in VB.NET including inheritance, polymorphism, and garbage collection. It provides examples of defining base and derived classes, using inheritance to share properties and methods between classes, overriding and overloading methods, and preventing inheritance. It also explains how garbage collection works in .NET by scanning for object references and removing unused objects.

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Is2215 lecture3 student (1)dannygriff1

Is2215 lecture7 lecturer_ado_intro

1. DATABASES IN VISUAL BASIC.NET ADO.NET

2. ADO .NET  ADO.NET is an OO framework that allows you to interact with DBs  Can use ADO.NET through code, or by using bounded controls  ADO.NET extremely flexible and efficient

3. ADO.NET  Previously applications would talk to Database using SQL  The application would be constantly connected to the DB  We still use SQL but the data is disconnected  It will connect to a database server when it needs to run a query and then disconnects immediately  ADO.NET still provides the connection oriented traditional approach.

4. Traditional Data Access Architecture 1. Makes a Connection 2. Pass some query to DB and reads result 3. Pass another query to DB and reads result 4. Disconnects from DB System

5. ADO.NET Disconnected Model 1. Make a connection 2. Pass query and gets back result 3. Disconnects 4. Makes connection again 5. Passes another query and gets result 6. Disconnects from the DB

6. ADO.NET  Keeps a local virtual copy of the database in your application  All of the generic classes for data access are stored in the System.Data Namespace.

7. ADO.NET  ADO.NET uses managed providers to connect to databases  Managed providers allow fast data streams from databases  Deals with security such as database locks, passwords etc.,

8. Main Components of ADO.NET Object Description Connection Creates a connection to the data source Command Provides access to commands that can be executed against the data source DataAdapter Serves as an ambassador between your dataset and datasource, maps instructions between the two DataSet Provides an in-memory representation of your data source DataReader Read-Only forward stream containing your data

9. Advantages  Interoperability  Data is transported as XML  Can be read by anyone on any platform  Scalability  Client Server model is gone  ADO promotes the use of disconnected datasets  Productivity  Quicker  Less Bugs

10. Advantages Cont’d  Performance  Disconnected datasets  Database Server is no longer a bottleneck  Performance boost  Concurrency  Database not locked out all the time

11. Using ADO.NET in Code 1. Set up your objects 2. Connect to DB using connection object 3. Set up the data adapter 4. Copy data from data adapter to Dataset

13. Connecting to a DB in Code USING ADO.NET WITH ACCESS DB

14. A Simple DB Application

15. Code Cont’d

16. Code Cont’d

17. Code Cont’d

18. Doing it In Code  An access Database Table  It will be represented in our DataSet as a Table  The first table is given an index of 0  The first row in the table has an index value of 0 also  The first column has a value of 0

20. Code Cont’d

21. The Code Set up the objects

23. The Code Set up the objects

25. The Code Set up the objects

27. The Code Set up the objects

29. The Code Set up the objects

31. The Code Fill the DataSet using the DataAdapter

32. The Code – Displaying the DataSet Contents  Point a textbox to a row and column of the dataset Table  Point a DataGrid control at a DataSet ......................................................................................................... .

33. The Code: Counting the Number of Rows

34.  Point a textbox to a row and column of the dataset Table  Point a DataGrid control at a DataSet ......................................................................................................... .

35. Customising the Generic Code

36. Set Up the Objects

37. The Form Load Code

38. The UpdateTextBoxes Sub Procedure

39. Navigation Code: Previous Record

40. Navigation Code: Next Record

41. Navigation Code: Find Record

Is2215 lecture7 lecturer_ado_intro

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