IRJET-Security Enhancement in Next Generation Networks using Enhanced AES with RC4 and Dynamic S-box

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 137
Security Enhancement in Next Generation Networks using Enhanced
AES with RC4 and Dynamic S-box
Ripal Patel1, Vikas kaul2
1 PG Student
Information Technology, Thakur College of Engineering and Technology
2 Assistant Professor
Information Technology, Thakur College of Engineering and Technology
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Abstract -Encryptionisprimarymethodofprotecting
valuable electronic information transmitted over the
networks. SSL/TLS can help tosecuretransmitteddata
using various encryption algorithms. AES is one of
ciphering algorithm which is used for encryption,
decryptionofdatatoprovideconfidentialityforend-to-
end data transmission. To provideend-to–endsecurity
TLS/SSL (Transport layer security) is used.
This paper presents an enhancement of AES algorithm
by converting static S-box into dynamic using RC4 and
key scheduling thus making the system resistant to
linear and differential cryptanalysis by preventing
repetition of cipher key.
To increase the complexity of system AES is to be used
in round structure. In round structure, AES S-box
changes in every round.
Comparison of the traditional and enhanced AES will
be made on the basis of encryption Time, decryption
time, CPU usage and throughput. Here focus is to
achieve speed compatible with next generation LTE
network.
Key Words: LTE; AES; S-box; Round structure; RC4
1. INTRODUCTION
The mobile communication systems and the wireless
communicationtechnologieshavebeenimprovingvery
fast day by day. During last few decades, mobile
communication has been developed very rapidly. The
first generation (1G) wireless mobile communication
network which started at early 1980 was analog
system which was used for public voice service. The
second generation (2G) was launched early 1990s it
was based on digital technology and network
infrastructure. As compared to the firstgeneration, the
second generation supports text messaging. 2.5G
networks appearedinyear1999-2000andbroughtthe
internet into personal communication. 3G was
introduced in year 2000. It provides higher data rate
and broader bandwidth and also providesapplications
in wireless voice telephony, mobile, internet access,
fixed wireless internet access, video calls and mobile
TV.
After the release of previous generations of wireless
networks 4G network is considered for security
enhancement and reliable communication. The 4G
wireless networks operates entirely on the TCP/IP, so
it becomes completely IP based. It provides facility to
transfer large amount of data at higher speed from
anywhere and anytime. As large amount of data is
transmitted, security of these data is needed over the
networks.
1.1 Advanced Encryption Standard
AES is also called as Rijndael .It is developed by Joan
Daemen and Vincent Rijmen. It is a symmetric-key
algorithm. AES is a block cipher with a block length of
128 bits. It allows for three different key lengths: 128,
192, or 256 bits. Encryption consists of 10 rounds of
processing for 128-bit keys, 12 rounds for 192- bit
keys, and 14 rounds for 256-bit keys except for thelast
round in each case, all other rounds are identical. For
encryption, each round consists four steps:
Substitution bytes, Shift row, Mix column and Add
round key. For decryption, each round consists of the
four steps: Inverse shift rows, Inverse substitutebytes,
Inverse mix columns and Add round key.
1.1 AES S-box
The Rijndael S-box (substitution box) is a matrix
(square array of numbers) used in the Advanced
EncryptionStandard (AES) cryptographicalgorithm.It

serves as a lookup table. Substitution is a nonlinear
transformationwhichperformsconfusionofbits.S-box
is represented as a 16x16 array, rows and columns
indexed by hexadecimal bits. TheS-boxisgeneratedby
determining the multiplicative inverse for a given
number in GF (28).
1.2 RC4
RC4 is designed by Rivest for RSA Data Security. It is a
variable Key–size stream cipher with byte-oriented
operations. The algorithm is used for random
permutation.
RC4 is used for file encryption and also used for secure
communications, as in encryption oftraffictoandfrom
secure website using the SSL/TLS protocol.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
The whole literature reviewisfocusedonthefollowing
literary works being done by an array of scholars and
researchers from the field of network and data
security. The following papers are selected for review
keeping in mind the traditional and conventional
approaches of ciphering algorithms.
Q. Cheng, C.Chuanhui andW. Li (2006) discussedsome
core technology of 4G mobile system and showed the
comparison between 3G and 4G on the basis of
network structure, core network mobile terminal and
core technology. The paper (2013) explains LTE/SAE
security algorithm and procedure and also summarise
the LTE/SAE 3GcryptographyalgorithmslikeKASUMI,
SNOW-3G, Milenge and ZUC. Razi Hosseinkhani and H.
Haj Seyyed Javadi (2012) introduced new algorithm to
generate dynamic S-box from original S-box using
cipher key. Inyear2012,JuliaJuremi,RamlanMahmod,
Salasiah Sulaiman made AES S-box key dependent
using S-box rotation property to make AES stronger.
Here, only the S-box is made key-dependent without
changing the value. Krishnamurthy G N and V
Ramaswamy (2008) improved the security of AES by
making S-box key dependent without changing its
value and without changing the inverse S-box. The
algorithm ensures that no trapdoor was present in the
cipher and expands the keys space to slow down
attacks. S Shivkumar, Dr.G.Umamaheswai (2011) used
RC4 stream cipher and key expansion procedure to
generate S-boxes and S-box is rotated for each round
based on the value calculated from the round key. In
the paper (2012), Mona Dara and Kooroush
Manochehri generated key dependent flexible S-box.
The Dynamic S-box is generated using RC4 and key
scheduling algorithm. In the paper (2013) Vikas kaul,
Prerna choudhari and S.K Narayankhedkar improved
AES by converting static S-box into dynamic using
cipher key. AES is used in round Structure to increase
complexity ofsystem.Comparisonswasmadebetween
AES and enhanced system basis on performance
evaluation based on runtime and throughput.
3. PROPOSED SYSTEM
To enhance the secure data transmission in next
generation network and make system resistant to
attacks, AES cipher algorithm is used in proposed
system. The work focuses on enhancement of
encryption algorithm. Encryption of transmitted data.
To improve strength of cryptography system AES is
enhanced by making static S-box into dynamic using
RC4 and AES key scheduling. Round structure will be
used to increase complexity of system. RSA and SHA-
256 is used for key exchange and message
authentication respectively.
1. End-to-End security is provided in SSL/TLS using
AES for next generation networks.
2. Integrity of data can be provided using SHA-256
algorithm.
3. RSA is to be used for key exchange mechanism.
4. AES is further enhanced using making static S-box
dynamic using RC4 and AES key scheduling algorithm
to make more secure S-box by preventing repetition
of cipher key.
5. System can be made more complex by using AES
round structure.
6. Performance evaluation of system is to be done by
measuring encryption and decryption time and
throughput.
Fig -1: Proposed System
4. DESIGN METHODOLOGY
1. Input data and key length for enhanced AES is taken
256 bits.

2. Encryption and decryption of proposed system is
same as original AES algorithm.
3. In proposed system S-box is made dynamic by using
RC4 and key expansion procedure.
Fig -2: AES Dynamic S-box
4. The key Expansion transformation takes key and
generates expanded key and output of the key pseudo
expansion algorithm i.e. expanded key is used to
generate S-box by RC4 key Schedule algorithm to
prevent the repetitions.
5. RC4 cipher generate different 256 values each time
depending upon input key.
6. Static S-box is converted into dynamic before sub
byte transformation stage using RC4 cipher and key
expansion .Inverse S-box also modified accordingly.
7. For round structure 256 bits input data is divided
into two blocks of 128 bits.
8. First block is given as input to AES section of the
system and second block is given as input to AES
section of system in the next round as per round
structure.
9. Process is continued until all the fixed number of
round for AES are completed.
10. 256 bits block of encrypted data is constructed by
combining these output all together.
Fig -3: AES in Round structure
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
File: “plaintext.txt”, Size: 144 bytes (1552 bits), Key:
12345678901234561234567890123456
Table -1: Comparative analysis is done based throughput using
text file as input on 1) Microsoft Windows 10, Pentium, 32 bit, 4 GB
RAM and 2) Microsoft windows 8 , Intel i3 ,64-bit,6 GB RAM
Sr.
No
Algorithm Block
size
No. of
Blocks Encryption
Time(Sec)
Decryption
Time(Sec)
Pentium i3 Pentium i3
1
AES 128 12 0.067 0.028 0.082 0.033
2 Enhanced
AES
128 12 0.0679 0.029 0.083 0.035
3 Round
Structure
(1R)
256 6 0.037 0.016 0.0455 0.017
4 Round
structure
with
Enhanced
AES(1R)
256 6 0.041 0.017 0.0481 0.019
5 Round
structure
with
Enhanced
AES(5R)
256 6
0.16142 0.066 0.19174 0.079
6 Round
structure
with
Enhanced
AES(5R)
256 6
0.16216 0.075 0.20169 0.087

7 Round
Structure
(10R)
256 6 0.314 0.137 0.3916 0.166
8
Round
structure
with
Enhanced
AES (10R)
256 6 0.330 0.134 0.3955 0.165
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pentium i3
Time
Encryption Time Decryption Time
Fig -4: Graphical representation of runtime of AES
algorithm for text file
Fig -5: Graphical representation of throughput of AES
algorithm for text file
File: “smily.jpg”, Size: 2.35 KB (19328 bits), Key:
12345678901234561234567890123456
Sr.
No
Algorithm Block
size
No. of
Blocks
Encryption Time
(Sec)
Decryption
Time (Sec)
1
AES 128 151 0.66 0.27 0.80 0.32
2 Enhanced
AES
128 151 0.66 0.28 0.81 0.34
3 Round
Structure
(1R)
256 76 0.33 0.13 0.41 0.16
4 Round
structure
with
Enhanced
AES (1R)
256 76 0.34 0.14 0.42 0.18
5 Round
structure
with
Enhanced
AES (5R)
256 76 1.65 0.67 1.95 0.83
6 Round
structure
with
Enhanced
AES (5R)
256 76
1.67 0.70 2.10 0.914
7 Round
Structure
(10R)
256 76 3.22 1.37 3.96 1.753
8 Round
structure
with
Enhanced
AES (10R)
256 76 3.38 1.46 4.08 1.853
Sr.
No
Algorith
m
Block
size
No. of
Blocks
Throughput
(kbps)
Encryption Time
Throughput
(kbps)
Decryption Time
1 AES 128 12 22.94 53.75 18.77 45.78
2 Enhanced
AES
128 12 22.82 52.59 18.62 43.84
3 Round
Structure
(1R)
256 6 41.240 92.93 34.079 114.0
4 Round
structure
with
Enhanced
AES (1R)
256 6 37.653 90.10 32.225 115.3
5 Round
structure
with
Enhanced
AES (5R)
256 6 9.6146 23.51 8.0942 19.60
6 Round
structure
with
Enhanced
AES (5R)
256 6 9.5707 20.59 7.69497 17.66
7 Round
Structure
(10R)
256 6 4.94 11.27 3.96 9.338
8 Round
structure
with
Enhanced
AES (10R)
256 6 4.69 11.57 3.92 9.371

0
1
2
3
4
5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pentium i3
Time
Encryption time decryption time
Fig -6: Graphical representation of runtime of AES
algorithm for image file
Sr.
No
Algorith
m
Block
size
No. of
Blocks
Throughput
(kbps)
Encryption Time
Throughput(kbps)
Decryption Time
1
AES 128 151 29.27 69.09 23.91 58.79
2 Enhanced
AES
128 151 28.96 67.91 23.82 56.02
3 Round
Structure
(1R)
256 76 58.51 137 46.10 114.8
4 Round
structure
with
Enhanced
AES (1R)
256 76 56.61 132.8 45.96 107
5 Round
Structure
(5R)
256 76 9.614 23.51 9.87 23.28
6 Round
structure
with
Enhanced
AES (5R)
256 76 9.57 20.59 9.18 21.14
5 Round
Structure
(10R)
256 76 4.94 11.27 6.00 14.05
6 Round
structure
with
Enhanced
AES(10R)
256 76 4.69 11.57 5.70 13.16
Fig -7: Graphical representation of throughput of AES
algorithm for image file
5. CONCLUSIONS
As large amountofdatatransmittedoverthenetworks,
end-to-end security of this data is important. Hence
SSL/TLS is used to provide secure data using AES
algorithm. Proposed work is based on enhancing AES
algorithm by converting static S-box into dynamic
using RC4 and key schedulingalgorithm.Complexityof
system is increased the by using an AES Round
structure. It provides better non linearity to the
original AES andbecauseofitsroundstructure,thereis
better diffusion. Aim behind increasing the complexity
is to provide bettersecurityandmakethesystemresist
to various kind of attacks.
Performance is evaluated based on conversion of Text
file and Image file and result calculation is done basis
of Encryption time decryption time, throughput.
REFERENCES
[1] Cheng, C.Chuanhui and W. Li, “A Study of Some Key
Technologies of 4G System”, IEEE conference on Industrial
Electronics and Applications and Technologies, pp. 2292-
2295, June 2008.
[2] A. Bikos, N. Sklavos, “LTE/SAE Security Issues on 4G
Wireless Networks”, IEEE Security & Privacy, vol. 11, no.2,
pp. 55-62, April 2013.
[3] N. Seddigh, B. Nandy, R. Makkar, J.F. Beaumont, “Security
Advances and Challenges in 4G Wireless Networks,”
International Conference on Privacy, Security and
Trust(PST) IEEE, pp.62-71, Aug 2010.
[4] The Verizon Wireless 4G LTE Network: Transforming
Business with Next-Generation Technology, Verizon
Wireless, Http://business.verizonwireless.com.

[5] Razi Hosseinkhani and H. Haj Seyyed Javadi, “Using
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[11]S.Shivkumar, and G.Umamaheswari, “Performance
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generate Dynamic S-box in AES,” Information Security
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IRJET-Security Enhancement in Next Generation Networks using Enhanced AES with RC4 and Dynamic S-box

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IRJET-Security Enhancement in Next Generation Networks using Enhanced AES with RC4 and Dynamic S-box