IRJET- Secure Data Deduplication and Auditing for Cloud Data Storage

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 03 | Mar-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 516
Secure Data Deduplication and Auditing for Cloud Data Storage
Patil Varsha1, Prof. K. N. Shedge2
Abstract - To avoid redundant data storage on cloud data,
deduplication is important aspect in cloud storage platform.
Cross client data deduplication technique is widely used on
cloud storage servers. The MLE scheme supports secure data
deduplication checking. Along with the data security data
integrity is important aspect. This work aims to provide a
framework for secure data deduplication and data auditing.
UR-MLE2 scheme helps to check deduplication whereas data
auditor is responsible for data integrity checking. To improve
the system performance dynamic binary decision tree is used
to check data deduplication. Dynamic binary tree updates the
tree data as per user modification or deletion of userdata.The
systemperformance will be evaluated based onexecutiontime.
Key Words: binary decision tree data deduplication,
Convergent key, data auditing, message locked
encryption
1. INTRODUCTION
Large amount of data is stored on cloud. Many organization,
companies even the common user uses cloud for data
storage. End user tries to outsource the data maintenance
task to the cloud server. Cloud server takestheresponsibility
of data storage, space availability for large scale data and
data protection. The data backup service isincludedincloud
data management servers in case of anynaturaldisaster.The
cloud provides various benefits to the end user such as: cost
saving, scalable service, mobility Opportunities and
simplified access convenience. One of the survey report[2]
predicted that the cloud storage will be reached tothesizeof
40 trillion gigabytes in 2020.
In business sectors data redundancy isgrowing extensively.
To protect data, data-backup isone of the solutions. Another
aspect is data version. A small change in one or more files
may create a huge change in business documentation. To
preserve the old data, data versions are created. The one of
the challenge in today’s life is the management of ever
increasing volume of data on cloud. Instead of keeping
multiple copies of same data on a cloud server, a single copy
can be preserved. The deduplication technique removes the
data redundancy and preserves a single copy of data and
generates the references of redundant data copies. To make
data management scalable, data deduplication is important
technique. It reduces the server storage space and also
provides efficient bandwidth usage.Whendataisoutsourced
to the third party cloud servers, the issues aeries like data
security and privacy. To preserve data security and privacy,
encryption is important technique proposed in literature.
But traditional encryption schemes do not supports the
deduplication technique. In the traditional deduplication
technique, every user uses his/her own private key to
encrypt the data. As key changes the cipher-text generated
from a same document also changes. For a single document
different cipher-texts are generated using traditional
encryption system and hence it is not at all used for
deduplication checking mechanism.
To overcome the problem of traditional encryption
technique convergent key mechanism is proposed in a
literature[21]. This technique encrypts and/or decrypts the
data using convergent key. The convergent key is also called
as content hashing key. For key generation, Convergent key
generation algorithm uses the content hashing techniquei.e.
key is generated using data content. Using this convergent
key cryptosystem technique identical cipher-text are
generated based on identical plaintext files. A convergent
key may faces ’confirmation of a file attack’.In this attack,
attacker can confirm whether the target posses the file with
the with some selected plaintext content or not by simply
matching the content with the generated hash key value. To
avoid such attacks, Message lockedencryptionisproposedin
literature. This technique provides a secure deduplication.
To provide higher security R-MLE and RMLE2 schemes are
proposed using randomized tag generation. But these
schemes do not provide good support for data deduplication
and these systems are computationally expensive. To avoid
these problems of R-MLE scheme, R-MLE2 is proposed in
literature. The second important problem faced by thecloud
server is data integrity checking. As the user data is
transferred to the third part cloud server via internet, client
has main concern of data integrity along with the data
security. Data integrity checking is nothing but the data
maintenance at the cloud end and the assurance for data
accuracy and consistency. Cloud data storage is susceptible
for threats that arise from both inside and outside of the
cloud. The second scenario may arise like cloud server do
not notify to the end user in case of any data loss to simply
maintain their reputation. To check the data integrity, a
system is required that automatically check the data
availability and its accuracy without keeping the original
copy replica.
Many services provided by the cloud to the third parties
which have some limitations such as, data duplication,
integrity verification, problem during data transmissionetc.
There are main two problems in cloud computing such as,
data deduplication and data integrity check due to rapid
growth of outsourcing data to the cloud are focused in our
work. The proposed work present a solution for secure data
deduplication and data auditing. For Secure data
deduplication URMLE-2 scheme isproposed.Toimprovethe
2Asst. Professor, Computer Engineering Department, SVIT, Nashik, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
1PG Student, Computer Engineering Department, SVIT, Nashik, India

deduplication testing efficiency dynamic deduplication
decision tree is used.
1.1 LITERATURE SURVEY
Lot of cloud system studied in this work. Google cloud
storage, Drop-Box are widely used cloud applications.These
applications also support the deduplication technique.
Google simply preserves different version offilesratherthan
keeping bunch of duplicate files.
Some cloud storage systems uses distributed file
storage technique. Mark W. Storer Kevin Greenan Darrell D.
E. Long Ethan L. Miller[6] proposes a technique for single
storage as well as and distributed file storage.
Common user preserves his/her data on mobiledevices.Due
to space limitation of such handheld devices user prefer to
outsource and sync the data on cloud storage such as
Microsoft cloud or icloud. Luis Marques and Carlos J.
Costa[7] proposes a solution for data deduplication for
handheld devices cloud data.
A block level data deduplicationisproposedin[8].In
this technique along with the file level deduplication
checking block level deduplication is also checked. Thefileis
divided in number of blocks. If no file level deduplication
found then block level deduplication is checked. A
convergent key mechanism is used to check deduplication
over encrypted data. For each data block a new convergent
key is generated. Lots of keys are generated for single file.
The process of deduplication checking, file upload and
download is quit time consuming.
To distribute the deduplication checking and data
uploading and downloading the work and to improve
efficiency, distribution is done using distributed cloud
environment [9]. In this technique hybrid cloudarchitecture
is proposed in which public cloud and privatecloudconcepts
are introduced. This resolves the key management and
access privilege problems.
Based on the convergent key technique and block
level deduplication checking, Jin Li, Xiaofeng Chen [10]
proposes a convergent key deduplication along with key
management. Large numbers of convergent keys are
generated for cloud data. This technique provides an
efficient and reliable key management solution.Usersdonot
need to manage any data keys. The data keys are outsourced
to the multiple servers using Decay technique multiple key
shares are generated and distributed among multiple
servers for security.
To overcome the problem of convergent key
problem a ramp secret sharing scheme is proposed by Jin Li,
Xiaofeng Chen.[11] In this technique data is divided in
number of blocks. For every block ramp secrets are
generated. There is no need to create any key for secret
generation. These secrets are distributedonmultipleservers
to provide better security.
The convergent keys are derived from message
itself. Hence there is loss of data security. It leaks sort of
information namely the plaintext of two messages are
identical or not. To overcome this problem, Message lock
encryption[4] scheme is proposed in literature. In this
scheme along with the convergent key, a public parameteris
used to encrypt the data.
This scheme is composed by 5 polynomial time
algorithms. To make MLE scheme morestronger,R-MLE2[5]
scheme is proposed. In MLE scheme data security depends
on the public parameter. In R-MLE scheme fullyrandomtags
and deterministic tags are generated.Thistechniqueisbased
on the entropy-based DDH assumption. In this scheme
payload isused to store encryption message.TheEncryption
is done using randomized encryption scheme based on the
common key generator g. Equality testing algorithm is
proposed to compare tags generated from 2 cipher text,
maps the same plaintext or not. For such matching the
equality testing algorithm need to be run for entire dataset.
This is highly time consuming and impractical toimplement
in live cloud storage environment.
To overcome the problem of R-MLE2 scheme,UR-
MLE-2[1] scheme is proposed by Tao Jiang, Xiaofeng Chen.
This scheme uses binary tree structure to preserve the tags.
The tag matching is done using equality testing algorithm
over binary decision tree. System traverse the tree based on
the tag value and matching can be done. This improves the
efficiency of tag matching technique using equality testing
algorithm. Dynamic updates in tree are also proposed inthis
work. These dynamic updates are done based onthenewfile
upload and/or cloud file modification.
Along with the data security, data integritychecking
is also important. Secure data auditing and data
deduplication checking[12] is proposed in literature. In this
technique block level deduplication is proposed. An auditor
service provides the data deduplication checking and data
integrity checking. This technique uses convergent key
mechanism for data deduplication and MR-tree for data
integrity checking.
1.2 ANALYSIS AND PROBLEM FORMULATION
Due to large outsource data on cloud, there is
redundancycloud storage. This causes cloud space wastage.
There is need of a system to avoid redundancy in cloud
storage environment and provide data deduplication
technique over cloud data. The deduplication system must
be efficient and can be able to provide deduplication over
encrypted data. Along with the deduplication checkingthere
is need to provide data integrity checking on cloud storage
environment.

2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW
The proposed system provides a framework for data
deduplication checking and data integritychecking.Thedata
deduplication is checked using UR-MLE2 scheme whereas
data auditor is responsible for data integrity checking. This
system uses dynamic decision tree to check data
deduplication. The dynamic decision tree is based on the
selfgeneration tree. It allows data update such as data
insertion, deletion and modification. The data deduplication
checking uses fully random message-locked encryption
scheme with randomized tag isan eight-tupleofpolynomial-
time. The algorithm (PPGen; KeyGen; Enc; Dec; TreeInit;EQ;
Valid; Dedup) run by a client and a deduplication server.
The data integrity checking algorithm (metadataGen
,chalgGen, proofGen, verify) run by a data auditor and a
deduplication server.The metadata is genrated using SHA1
algorithm.
Following fig. 1 shows the system architecture.
Fig. 1. System Architecture
A. Algorithms
B. R-MLE2 Algorithm
This algorithm is run by a client and a deduplication server.
A client does not need to upload its encrypted data item to
the storage server when there is a duplicate copy stored.
Otherwise, the client needs to upload its data. The server
stores a sequence of data fc1,c2,..,cng and the corresponding
tag values fT1,T2,..,Tngat some point. The system can
efficiently direct to the identical data copy if a duplicate
value is stored in the storage server.
Algorithm Steps:
Input: message m,
Output: message derived key km,
Cipertext c,
Decypted Message Dm(equal to m)
Processing:
1) PPGen :genrates the public parameter pp
2) KeyGen: The key generation algorithm takes the public
parameters pp and a message m as inputs, and outputs a
message-derived key km using SHA-1
3) Enc: The encryption algorithm takes the public
parameters pp and the message derived key km as inputs,
and returns a ciphertext c using AES-256.
4) TreeInit: outputs the tree state ts of the current database.
5) EQ: takes the public parameter pp and the tags T1 and T2
of two ciphertexts as inputs, and outputs 1 if the tags of the
ciphertexts are generated from identical messages.
6) Valid: The validity-testing algorithm takes public
parameters pp and the ciphertext c as input. It outputs 1 if
the ciphertext c is a valid input and 0 otherwise.
7) Dedup: The data deduplication algorithm takes thepublic
parameters pp, T1, and tag T2 asinputs. It returns whethera
duplicate data copy has been found.
8) Dec :The takes the public parameter pp and the message
derived key km as inputs. If the algorithm runs successfully,
it will return the plaintext Dm using AES 256.
C. EQ: Equality Test Over Dynamic Deduplication Decision
Tree The deduplication test is conducted by the storage
server.
The dynamic deduplication decision tree is a self-generation
tree. The tree construction relies on the self-generated hash
value in self-generation tree, and clients can generate the
tree paths themselves of the owned data items.
Algorithm Steps:
Input: Tag T
output: Deduplication result :0(Not Found) or 1(Found)
Processing:
1) Client Server : The client asks for the deduplication of

new data m and sends the server T and bi. (Initially, b = -1,
which means that the current node is the root ofthe treeand
the corresponding tag is T
2) Server: The server verifies whether
3) Server - Client: The server returns 1 when the equation
holds, and 0 otherwise.
4) Client: When the client receives 0 from the server, the
client computes s0 Then it computes bi.
5) Client - Server: The client sends bi+1 to the server.Server:
The server moves the current pointer over the tree
according to bi+1. If bi+1 = 0, the server movesthepointerto
its left child. Otherwise, it moves the node to its right child.
Then, go to step 3. The algorithm stops when the server
receives ”duplication find”or it needs to move the pointerto
an empty node.
D. Mathematical Model
System S can be defined as
S= I, O,F
Where
I = fI1, I2, I3g, Set of inputs
I1 = User Authentication details
I2 = Registration details
I3 = User data
O= fO1,O2, O3, O4, O5, O6, O7g Set of outputs
O1 = Encryption Key
O2 = encrypted data
O3 = Decrypted data
O4 = Binary decision tree
O5 = Deduplication result
O6 = Metadata
O7 = Generated Proof
F =f PPGen, KeyGen, Enc, Dec, TreeInit, EQ, Valid,
Dedup, metaGen,chalGen, proofGen, verifyg Set of
Functions
KeyGen = Generate key
Enc = Encrypt Data
Dec= Decrypt Data
TreeInit = Binary Tree initialization
EQ = equality-testing algorithm
Valid =validity-testing algorithm
Dedup = data deduplication algorithm
MetadataGen = Metadata generation
chalGen = Challenge Message Generation
proofGen = Proof Generation
verify = Verify Proof
3. IMPLEMENTATION
A. Experimental Setup:
For system implementation, Client server architecture is
developed. A distributed system is implemented for testing.
3 separate machines are used for implementation. A server
side environment is established using apache tomcat-7 and
mysql on two system for cloud and auditor. A desktop
application is created on third system for client side to
communicate with auditor and server. A http Protocol is
used to communicate between different entities.
B. Dataset:
A multimedia file dataset is used containing text files, audio,
video and images. Compressed files are also used for testing.
A synthetic dataset is generated using multimedia files.The
sizes of files are ranging from 1mb to 500mb.
C. Performance Metric:
The performance of a system is evaluated in terms of time
required for processing for following activities:
1) Deduplication Checking:
2) Data Storage Time
3) Auditing Time
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all my special thanks to head of Department of
Computer Engineering, SVIT, Chincholi, Nashik Prof. Prof. K.
N. Shedge, principal Dr. S. N. Shelke for their kind support
and suggestions. It would not have been possiblewithoutthe
kind support. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to
all the faculty members the department of Computer
Engineering for their help. We are also thankfultocolleagues
for moral support and encouragement. At the end, We are
very much thankful to all for direct and indirect help.
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