IRJET- Implementation of Conventional Perturb with different Load for Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Photovoltaic System using an Embedded Microcontroller.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 06 | June -2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 370
Implementation of conventional perturb with different load for
maximum power point tracking algorithm for photovoltaic system
using an embedded microcontroller
Ramya l1 ,Satish B. A2
1 PG student, Electrical and Electronics Department, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru
2 Assistant Professor Electrical and Electronics Department, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru
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Abstract - The traditional calculation of perturb and observe
(P&O) is broadly connectedbecauseofitsstraightforwardness,
ease and easy execution. Notwithstanding, it experiences
hazards amid fast changes of climate as well as swaying
around maximum control point (MPP) at enduring state.
Insecurities happen because of the wrong choice taken by the
customary P&O calculation at the initial step change in
obligation cycle amid the fast change in radiation. The
purpose behind the unfalteringstatewaveringisthepersistent
annoyance and exchangeoff betweenstepsizesandthejoining
time. This examination exhibits an altered P&O calculation to
conquer such downsides. It utilizes a steady load system to
help the regular P&O calculation for perceiving the reason for
control change and to empower it in taking the correct choice
at initial step change in obligation cycle amid quick difference
in climate. The proposed calculation is reenacted utilizing a
solitary sun based photovoltaic module of 80 W and a DC/DC
help converter. It is approved tentativelyandactualized inside
an installed microcontroller. The exploratory setup exhibits a
proposed demonstrates based plan procedure that utilizes
estimations' information for MPP followingframeworks'plan.
It joins equipment on the up and up recreation and model
testing utilizing real climate estimations. Reproduction and
trials demonstrate phenomenal outcomes.
Key Words: Maximum Control Point (MPP), Perturb &
Observe (P&O).
1. INTRODUCTION
The change of energy by methods for photovoltaic boards
has continuously stimulated incredible enthusiasm because
of the enduring increment in oil costs, the ecological
contamination caused by hydrocarbons, also, a steady
lessening in the costs of photovoltaic (PV) boards. By the by,
the low energy effectiveness because of the transformation
of sun based energy into electric energy is one of the
fundamental snags to the far reaching increment ofthiskind
of energy source. Consequently, the extraction of the most
extreme conceivable energy of each board is the primary
innovative test these days. A few calculations have been
proposed in the writing on the greatest power point
following (MPPT) issue, which have enlivened various
methodologies to boost photovoltaic frameworks
effectiveness under different irradiance conditions. For
example, [1] demonstrates five diverse ways to deal with
explain the MPPT: (I) following methods with steady
parameters, that is, calculationsthatconsider,amidthe most
extreme power point (MPP) forecast, parameters, for
example, constants, e.g., voltage of greatest control point
autonomous of temperature andirradiance,straightreliance
the PV current in MPP and the short out current [2], straight
connection between voltage in MPP andopen-circuitvoltage
[3], and so forth; (ii) followingstrategieswith estimation and
examination, to be specific, the look-into table strategy [4]
and direct present control strategy [5]; (iii) following
systems with experimentation, in particular, the annoy and
watch (P&O) calculation [6] and its alterations [7,8]; (iv)
following procedureswithscientificestimation,inparticular,
incremental conductance (INC) [9,10]; lastly (v) following
methods with insightful forecast (delicate figuring), which
will be clarified in detail beneath. Delicate figuring based
systems have uncovered an intense instrument to manage
MPPT streamlining. Besides, theaccessibilityofsuperiorand
moderate micro controllers makes the usage of these
calculations conceivable in down to earth circumstances.
These actualities have supported the look into on delicate
processing based ways to deal with handle the MPPT issue.
Hence, in [11], an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) MPPT
controller, in view of settled and variable advance size, is
proposed. In this work the information required to produce
the ANN demonstrate are created utilizing P&O. The
controller is created in two stages: (I) a disconnected
advance required to characterize the neural systems and
went for finding the ideal structure (the quantity of layers
and neurons, initiationcapacities,parameters,and preparing
calculation) of the MPPT controller; and (ii) an online
advance where the ideal neural system MPPT controller
found in the past advance is utilized as a part of the PV
framework. Different works towardthispathcanbefoundin
[12– 16]. In addition, other delicate registering procedures,
for example, Fuzzy rationale control (FLC) [17– 21] what's
more, Particle swarm enhancement (PSO) [22], can likewise
be utilized for MPPT improvement. An intriguing paper
where a wide range of strategies for MPPT are talked about
is exhibited in [23].
1.1 Concept of conventional P&O algorithm
Customary P&O calculation is the least difficult, least
expensive and most prominently utilizedas a part oftraining
[16]. Be thatas it may, it isn't strong in followingtheprivilege
MPP at fast changes of climate or load [7, 13, 24]. The
flowchart of the essential P&O MPPT calculation is

introduced in Fig. 1a. The fundamental P&O examines the
P−V bend of PV module in scan for the MPP by changing the
working point which is known as bother step, and afterward
estimating the adjustment in P (ΔP),known as perception
step. In the event that ΔP is more prominentthanzero,atthat
point another perturbation is introduced in the same
direction. If ΔP is lower than zero, the direction of the
perturbation is changed. The P&O keeps searching for the
MPP until it has found an operating point such that ΔP is
closely to zero in any direction; thisconditioniscalledsteady
state. At steady state, the operating point oscillates around
the MPP giving rise to the wastage of some amount of
accessible vitality. These motions can be limited by
diminishing the settled advance size, yet it sets aside
generally greater opportunity to achieve MPP. The P&O
continues annoying the framework keeping in mind the end
goal to identify a change intheMPP(causedbyanadjustment
in the ecological conditions), which triggers another sweep
[7, 8].
Fig 1: Conventional P&O algorithm
The progressive quick expanding of radiation causesfloator
unsteadiness issue because of regular P&O calculation.
Assume there is an increment in radiation level from 600 to
1000 W/m2 and the PV framework works at point MPP1 at
bother K as appeared in Fig. 1b. At that point, the working
point will be moved to another point 2 in comparing
radiation bend amid a similarirritation Kwhichbringsabout
positive change in both power (ΔP) and voltage (ΔV) [13].
1.2 Performance of conventionalP&O algorithm during
rapid change of radiation.
Fig. 2 MPPT system and load change.
a .Schematic diagram of MPPT system.
b. Change of operating point with respect to load
resistance.
The data of positive change in control what's more,
voltage amid annoyance K + 1 will make calculation to
increment voltage irritation as opposed to diminishing.
Subsequently, the workingpointmovesfromdirect2toward
point 3 as appeared in Fig. 1b.This wrong choice of
traditional P&O calculation causing the working purpose of
PV framework is strayed far from MPP because of
progressive difference in climate as appeared in Fig. 1b.
Additionally, the progressive quick diminishing of radiation
will go astray the working purposeofPVframework farfrom
MPP as talked about in [2].
1.3 Behavior of conventional P&O algorithm during
steady change of radiation.
The enduring difference in climate will cause wrong
choice of P&O calculation at first irritation as talked aboutin
quick difference in climate, yet the following annoyance will
revise this wrong activity [8]. Assume there is an expansion
in radiation level from 400 to 600 W/m2 also, the PV
framework works at the relentless difference in climate will
cause wrong choice of P&O calculation at first bother as
examined in quick difference in climate, however the
following bother will amend this wrong activity [8].Assume
there is an expansion in radiation level from 400 to 600
W/m2 what's more, the PV framework works at MPP1 as
Begin P&O
algorithm
Measure Vpv(k) , Ipv(k)
Calculate the power P(k) = Vpv(k) * Ipv(k)
δVpv = Vpv(k) –Vpv(k-1)
δP = P(k)-P(k-1)
δP>0
δVpv >0 δVpv >0
Decrease the
module
voltage
Increase the
module voltage
Decrease
module
voltage
Increase
module
voltage
Update History of voltage Vpv(k-1) = Vpv(k),P(k-1) = P(K)

appeared in Fig. 1c. At that point expanding of PV powerand
voltage will build voltage irritation and the working point
from MPP2 will occupy at point 2 as appeared in Fig. 1c. The
following irritation on the same P– V bend – without climate
change – will be negative change in PV control (ΔP < 0) and
the positive change in PV voltage (ΔV > 0) causing diminish
in the voltage irritation towards MPP2 withconsequent next
annoyances as appeared in Fig. 1c.
Fig 3: PV power and voltage due to weather variations
1.4 Conventional P&O algorithm and load change.
The PV load (RL) is connected across PV terminal via DC/DC
boost converter as shown in Fig. 2a. The DC/DC boost
converter matched the load impedance with source
impedance of the PV system to satisfy maximum power
transfer. In addition, P&OMPPtrackersenablePVsystems to
operate at MPP. The relations between input and output
variables of DC/DC boost converter.
Vout = d * Vpv
Iout = Ipv/d
d = 1/(1-D)
SL = Ipv/Vpv = d2 Iout / Vout= d2/RL
RL= d2 Vpv/Ipv .
where Vout and Iout are output voltage and current of boost
converter, d is a linear control variable between Vout and
VPV, D is the duty cycle, SL is the slope of load line and RL is
the output load resistance of DC/DC boost converter. The
operating point of the PV system is determined by the slope
of load line as shown in Fig. 2b. This slope will change the
operating point on I–V characteristic curve of the PV system
by changing the linear variable ‘d’ or load resistance. The
algorithm will take this variable as controlled variable for
voltage change and the computes the duty cycle from (3) as
follow
D = (d − 1)/d (6)
Normally, the PV system operates close to MPP at steady
weather and without change in load as shown in Fig. 2b. The
load change causes the operating point of the PV system to
move away – either right or left side – from MPP at point a of
Fig. 2b. The increasing in load resistance from RL1 to RL2
will move the operating point to the right side of MPP at
point b that is causing decrease in power and increase in
voltage.
1.5 Description of conventional P&O algorithmproblem
The ordinary P&O calculation has poor following of MPP for
climate change and great following for stack change at
steady climate. This poor following of MPP is expectedtothe
calculation can't recognize the reason for control change
either is originating from climate variety or irritation
venture because of load change. The MPPT moves from the
genuine MPP because of the speedy change in the climate
condition. Also, relentless state motions are because of
exchange offs between step size and following pace of MPP.
2. MATLAB Simulation
Fig 4:Simulink Model of P&O MPPT using different
load
3. SIMULATION RESULT
Fig 5: Output of MPP using P&O algorithm for
different load
MPPT algorithms at initial solar radiation level of 0.4
KW/m2 which corresponds to power variance from 0 to
29.5W at the load 94 ohm and then it is increase to 39.5W at

the load 150 ohm in Y -axis at time from 0 to 0.1 s for first
load and 2 to 2.2 s for second load in X –axis
4. CONCLUSION
The P&O algorithm using different load is simulated by
using a 80 W PV module. and it is implemented using an
embedded microcontroller Simulation results show the
ability of P&O algorithm using different load to extract an
accurate maximum power due to rapid changes of radiation
with quick and high response.
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IRJET- Implementation of Conventional Perturb with different Load for Maximum Power Point Tracking Algorithm for Photovoltaic System using an Embedded Microcontroller.

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