IRJET - Energy Efficient Approach for Data Aggregation in IoT

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 08 Issue: 01 | Jan 2021 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2021, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 91
ENERGY EFFICIENT APPROACH FOR DATA AGGREGATION IN IOT
Amrit Pal Kaur1, Naveen Dhillon2
1M.Tech Scholar in R.I.E.T, Phagwara
2Principal in R.I.E.T, Phagwara
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Abstract - With the emergence of Internet of Thing (IoT), a
gigantic rise has been seen in smart applications. IoT is going
to be ubiquitous in the near future. Billions of sensors will be
installed for the implementation of IoT applications which
will generate a massive amount of data. Such massive
amount of sensors, data and devices would cost huge amount
of money. In addition to the installation cost, energy
consumption by the IoT devices emerges as a prominent area
of concern. Although IoT applications in themselves are
considered to be very energy efficient, however their own
energy consumption ratio is very high. Energy efficiency of
IoT would make it the long term technology in the upcoming
years. Due to small size of the sensor nodes, the energy
consumption is the major issue of the network. The LEACH is
the energy efficient protocol which can divide whole network
into fixed size clusters. In each cluster, cluster heads are
selected which can transmit data to base station. The cluster
heads are selected in network based on the energy of each
node and distance from sensor node to base station. The
energy of the sensor node is dissipated wheneachnodereceive
or transmit data to base station. Intheproposedapproach, the
cache nodes are deployed between the cluster head and base
station. The cluster heads will transmit the data to nearest
gateway node and then gateway send data to thebasestation.
The simulation of the proposed technique is done in NS2 and
results are compared with the existing approach in terms of
certain parameters. It is analyzed that proposed technique
performs well as compared to existing technique.
Key Words: IoT, LEACH, NS2.
1. INTRODUCTION
The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm that
enables the communication between electronic devices and
sensors through the internet in order to facilitate our lives.
IoT use smart devices and internet to provide innovative
solutions to various challenges and issues related to various
business, governmental andpublic/privateindustriesacross
the world [1]. IoT is progressively becoming an important
aspect of our life that can be sensed everywhere around us.
In whole, IoT is an innovation that puts together extensive
variety of smart systems, frameworks andintelligentdevices
and sensors.
Energy consumption by IoT devices is one of the challenges
related to environmental impact. Energy consumption is
increasing at a high rate due to internet enabledservicesand
edge cutting devices. Moreover, it takes advantage of
quantum and nanotechnology in terms of storage, sensing
and processing speed which were not conceivable
beforehand [2]. Extensive research studies have been done
and available in terms of scientific articles, press reports
both on internet and in the form of printed materials to
illustrate the potential effectiveness and applicability of IoT
transformations.
The IoT application may range from a simple monitoring
application such as gauging the temperature in a building, to
a complex application such as providing complete energy
automation of a campus. IoT communications may be
required offline, where information is exchanged every day
or on demand, or online allowing for real-time control.
Building control applications can provide efficient useofthe
energy in a building while insuring comfort to building
occupants [3].
IoT stands for internet of things which is termed by the of
the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) development
community in 1999. The applicationoftheIoTiswidelyused
in many applications due to large growth of mobile devices,
embedded and omnipresent communication, cloud
computing and data analytics. Large numbers of devices are
connected over public or private InternetProtocol networks
with the help of billions of objects can sense, communicate
and share information [4]. The data collected by these
interconnected devices continuously, after which it is
analyzed to perform action in order to provide a wealth of
intelligence for planning, management and decisionmaking.
Internet of Things in the upcoming years will be widely
utilized in almost every application. The IoT applications
provide Internet and various advance software and
communication services. Here, the objects can be connected
to each other or to the things and can access the media
present [5].
2. APPLICATIONS
2.1 Smart city, transport and vehicles:
IoT is transforming the traditional civil structure of the
society into high tech structure with the concept of smart
city, smart home and smart vehicles and transport. Rapid
improvements are being done with the help of supporting
technologies such as machine learning, natural language
processing to understand the need and use of technology at
home [58]. Various technologies such as cloud server
technology, wirelesssensor networksthatmustbeusedwith
IoT servers to provide an efficient smart city. Another
important issue is to think about environmental aspect of
smart city. Therefore, energy efficient technologies and

Green technologies should also be considered for the design
and planning of smart city infrastructure.
2.2 Agriculture and industry automation
The world’s growing population is estimated to reach
approximate 10 billion by 2050. Agriculture plays an
important role in our lives. In order to feed such a massive
population, we need to advance the current agriculture
approaches. Therefore, there is a need to combine
agriculture with technology so that the production can be
improved in an efficient way. Greenhouse technology is one
of the possible approaches in this direction. It provides a
way to control the environmental parameters in order to
improve the production. Automationofindustriesisanother
advantage of IoT. IoT has been providing game changing
solutions for factory digitalization, inventory management,
quality control, logistics and supply chain optimization and
management.
2.3. Emerging economy, environmental and health-care
IoT is completely devoted to provide emerging public and
financial benefits anddevelopmenttothesocietyandpeople.
This includes a wide range of public facilities i.e. economic
development, water quality maintenance, well-being,
industrialization. Environmental sustainability is another
important concern. IoT developers mustbeconcernedabout
environmental impact of the IoT systems and devices to
overcome the negative impact. HighlyefficientIoTdevicesto
monitor several health issues such as diabetes, obesity or
depression. Several issues related to environment, energy
and healthcare are considered by several studies.
Figure 1: IOT Architecture
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The IoT network is the self-configuring network in which
sensor nodes sense information and pass it to base station.
Due to decentralized nature of the network, energy
consumption, data aggregation and security are three major
issues of the networks. This research work is focused on the
energy consumption of the wireless sensor networks. The
energy consumption is the major issues of the sensor
network due to far deployment and small size of the sensor
nodes.
The hierarchal routing protocol is the energy efficient
structure free data aggregation protocol which works in the
structural manner. The hierarchal routing protocol works in
the three phases, in the first phase base station send the
hello message to each node in the network.
The node reverts back to base station withtheirlocationand
other information. In the second phase, whole network is
divided into hierarchal structure based on the network
density.
In the third phase, the next hop node is selectedbasedon the
next node buffer size, residual energy and link strength. In
this research work, hierarchal routing protocol will be
improved to reduce routing overhead in the network.
The energy consumption issues are raised due to small size
of the sensor nodes. The clustering is the efficient approach
which increase lifetime of the sensor networks. In the
clustering approach, the whole network is divided intofixed
size clusters. The cluster heads are selected in each cluster
and sensor nodes in each cluster will aggregate data to
cluster head. The cluster head will transmit data to the base
station.
To increase lifetime of the sensor network, the optimization
is proposed in the LEACH protocol. In the proposed
approach, the cache nodes are deployed between thecluster
head and base station. The cluster heads will transmit the
data to nearest gateway node and then gateway senddata to
the base station. The cache aggregate data from the nearest
cluster head. The distance between the gateway node and
cluster head is calculated using Euclidian distance formula.
The following points of flow chart:-
1. The wireless sensor network is deployed with the finite
number of sensor nodes and deployed network is divided
into fixed size clusters using location based clustering.
2. The cluster head is selected in each clustering using the
technique of LEACH protocol in which node which has
maximum energy and least distance to the other nodes is
selected as the cluster head.
3. The cluster heads aggregate the data to the nearest cache
node. The distance between the cluster head andcachenode
is calculated with Euclidian distance.

4. This step 3 is repeated until required data get aggregated
to base station.
4. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The proposed work has been implemented in NS2 and the
results have been analyzed against existing technique in
terms of packet loss, throughput, and energy consumption.
Figure 2: Communication in the network.
As shown in figure 2, when the cluster heads get selected in
the network on the basis of distance and energy and cluster
heads will aggregate data from sensor nodes. The cluster
heads can communicate with each other and information
will be received at base station.
Figure 3: Cluster Head Selection
As shown in figure 3, the network is deployed with the finite
number of sensor nodes. The whole network is divided into
fixed size clusters and in each cluster, cluster head is
selected on the basis of distance.
Figure 4: Packet loss Comparison
As shown in figure 4, the packet loss of existing technique in
which LEACH protocol is applied will be compared with the
proposed technique in which gateways are applied. It has
been analyzed Packet loss is reduced as compared to
proposed technique.
Figure 5: Energy Consumption Graph
As shown in figure 5, the energy consumption of proposed
technique is less as compared to existing technique due to
the use of gateways in the network.

5. CONCLUSIONS
Recent advancements in IoT have drawn attention of
researchers and developers worldwide. IoT developers and
researchers are working together to extend the technology
on large scale and to benefit the society to the highest
possible level. The clustering is the efficent approach which
divide whole network into fixed size clusters and cluster
heads are selected in each cluster. The cluster heads are
selected on the basis of diatence and energy. In the IoT
network, IoT gateway is considered as the important
component. Thesensornode whichhasminimudiatance and
maximum energy is selected as the cluster head. In this
research work, the LEACH protocol is improved with the
gateway node. The gateway node will aggregate data from
the cluster head. The cluster head tramsmit data to base
station which is static in nature. The simulation of the
proposed and existing technique is done in NS2 and it is
analyzed that proposed technique perform well in terms of
throughput, packet loss and delay.
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