Introduction to Vitess on Kubernetes for MySQL - Webinar
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During this joint webinar our speakers, Alkin Tezuysal, Technical Expert at Percona and Sugu Sougoumarane, Co-Founder and CTO at PlanetScale, will provide attendees with hands-on experience using Vitess using Kubernetes. They will start by providing a quick overview of Vitess – including key concepts and terminology, and then describe the deployment options for both in Kubernetes. The hands-on exercises will cover many of the key workflows with running a sharded system: – Moving from an unsharded system to a vertical split one (moving some tables to a different host) – Sharding large tables across several instances – Backups, Recoveries, and failovers (both planned and unplanned). Attendees are not expected to have any prior experience with Vitess but will find it useful if they have prior experience completing these tasks in a MySQL environment and general know-how on Kubernetes operations. The tutorial will be in three parts as follows: Introduction to Vitess History and background Setting up Vitess in Kubernetes Initial deployment and configurations Management Workflow Scalability Operational tasks with Vitess Vertical Split Horizontal Split Shard Management Performance Considerations Schema Changes
![© 2020 Percona
301_customer_sharded.yaml (commerce
VSchema)
{
"sharded": true,
"vindexes": {
"hash": {
"type": "hash"
}
},
"tables": {
"customer": {
"column_vindexes": [
{
"column": "customer_id",
...
"corder": {
"column_vindexes": [
{
"column": "customer_id",
"name": "hash"
}
],
"auto_increment": {
"column": "order_id",
"sequence": "order_seq"
}
}
}
}
Primary
Vindexes, aka
Sharding Keys
37
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Introduction to Vitess on Kubernetes for MySQL - Webinar
- 1. Introduction to Vitess on Kubernetes for MySQL Alkin Tezuysal - Sr. Technical Manager, Percona Sugu Sougoumarane - CTO/Co-Founder, PlanetScale 2020 Webinar Series - May 11th 2020
- 2. © 2020 Percona Who are we? Sr. Technical Manager at Percona Open Source Database Evangelist Global Database Operations Expert Inspiring Technical and Strategic Leader Creative Team Builder Speaker, Mentor, and Coach Co-creator of Vitess, CTO at PlanetScale. Scalability at YouTube, PayPal in the early days. Argues about distributed systems and consensus algorithms. Occasionally blogs at ssougou.blogspot.com. 2 Alkin Tezuysal - @ask_dba Born to Sail, Forced to Work Sugu Sougoumarane - @ssougou Storage Geek @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 3. © 2020 Percona A Database Clustering System for Horizontal Scaling of MySQL 3 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 4. © 2020 Percona Introduction to Vitess 4 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 5. © 2020 Percona Vitess in CNCF (Cloud Native Computing Foundation) 5 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 6. © 2020 Percona True Multi-Cloud Clusters for PlanetScaleDB 6 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 7. © 2020 Percona Kubernetes on Google Cloud (GKE) ● Google Cloud's load-balancing for Compute Engine instances ● Node pools to designate subsets of nodes within a cluster for additional flexibility ● Automatic scaling of your cluster's node instance count ● Automatic upgrades for your cluster's node software ● Node auto-repair to maintain node health and availability ● Logging and monitoring with Google Cloud's operations suite for visibility into your cluster 7 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 8. © 2020 Percona Installation and Configuration ● Vitess on Google Cloud Platform Prerequisites ○ Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) ○ Cluster with 7 nodes ○ K8s Version 1.15.11-gke.1 ○ Helm Version 3 ● Requirements ○ RBR ○ GTID ○ MySQL 5.6+ MariaDB 10.x+ 8 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 9. © 2020 Percona Create Vitess Cluster GKE 9 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 10. © 2020 Percona Setup Basics 10 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 11. © 2020 Percona Configure Cluster 11 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 12. © 2020 Percona Connect to K8s Cluster 12 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 13. © 2020 Percona Download and install Helm 3.X $ wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.1.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz $ tar xvfz helm-v3.1.2-linux-amd64.tar.gz $ sudo cp linux-amd64/helm /usr/local/bin/helm $ go get vitess.io/vitess/go/cmd/vtctlclient $ git clone git@github.com:vitessio/vitess.git $ cd vitess/examples/helm 13 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 14. © 2020 Percona Install Vitess $ helm install vitess ../../helm/vitess -f 101_initial_cluster.yaml NAME: vitess LAST DEPLOYED: Thu May 7 13:55:49 2020 NAMESPACE: default STATUS: deployed REVISION: 1 TEST SUITE: None NOTES: Release name: vitess To access administrative web pages, start a proxy with: kubectl proxy --port=8001 Then use the following URLs: vtctld: http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/default/services/vtctld:web/proxy/app/ vtgate: http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/default/services/vtgate-zone1:web/proxy/ 14 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 15. © 2020 Percona Run Proxy and access to Web Portal(s) To access administrative web pages, start a proxy with: kubectl proxy --port=8001 Then use the following URLs: vtctld: http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/default/services/vtctld:web/proxy/app/ vtgate: http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/default/services/vtgate-zone1:web/proxy/ 15 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 16. © 2020 Percona Vitess Control Panel 16 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 17. © 2020 Percona vtgate status dashboard 17 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 18. © 2020 Percona kubectl status $ kubectl get pods,jobs NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE pod/commerce-apply-schema-initial-z27sm 0/1 Completed 0 14m pod/commerce-apply-vschema-initial-292nc 0/1 Completed 0 14m pod/vtctld-c56d6c788-t9xlc 1/1 Running 0 14m pod/vtgate-zone1-7d4957f6-49xsr 1/1 Running 0 14m pod/zone1-commerce-0-init-shard-master-69fbc 0/1 Completed 0 14m pod/zone1-commerce-0-replica-0 6/6 Running 0 14m pod/zone1-commerce-0-replica-1 6/6 Running 0 14m pod/zone1-commerce-0-replica-2 6/6 Running 0 14m NAME COMPLETIONS DURATION AGE job.batch/commerce-apply-schema-initial 1/1 59s 14m job.batch/commerce-apply-vschema-initial 1/1 62s 14m job.batch/zone1-commerce-0-init-shard-master 1/1 57s 14m 18 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 19. © 2020 Percona Port-forwarding kubectl port-forward service/vtctld 15000 15999 & process_id1=$! kubectl port-forward service/vtgate-zone1 15306:3306 15001 & process_id2=$! sleep 2 echo "You may point your browser to http://localhost:15000 for vtctld." echo "You may point your browser to http://localhost:15001 for vtgate, use the following aliases as shortcuts:" echo 'alias vtctlclient="vtctlclient -server=localhost:15999"' echo 'alias mysql="mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 15306"' echo "Hit Ctrl-C to stop the port forwards" wait $process_id1 wait $process_id2 19 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 20. © 2020 Percona Connect to MySQL $ mysql Handling connection for 15306 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 7 Server version: 5.7.9-Vitess Percona Server (GPL), Release 29, Revision 11ad961 Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +-----------+ | Databases | +-----------+ | commerce | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.11 sec) 20 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 21. © 2020 Percona Creating a Keyspace mysql> show tables; +--------------------+ | Tables_in_commerce | +--------------------+ | corder | | customer | | product | +--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.11 sec) $ mysql < ./vitess/examples/common/insert_commerce_data.sql 21 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 22. © 2020 Percona Verify data mysql> select * from corder; select * from customer; select * from product; +----------+-------------+----------+-------+ | order_id | customer_id | sku | price | +----------+-------------+----------+-------+ | 1 | 1 | SKU-1001 | 100 | | 2 | 2 | SKU-1002 | 30 | | 3 | 3 | SKU-1002 | 30 | | 4 | 4 | SKU-1002 | 30 | | 5 | 5 | SKU-1002 | 30 | +----------+-------------+----------+-------+ 5 rows in set (0.11 sec) 22 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 23. © 2020 Percona Verify data +-------------+--------------------+ | customer_id | email | +-------------+--------------------+ | 1 | alice@domain.com | | 2 | bob@domain.com | | 3 | charlie@domain.com | | 4 | dan@domain.com | | 5 | eve@domain.com | +-------------+--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.11 sec) +----------+-------------+-------+ | sku | description | price | +----------+-------------+-------+ | SKU-1001 | Monitor | 100 | | SKU-1002 | Keyboard | 30 | +----------+-------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.11 sec) 23 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 24. © 2020 Percona Similarities and Differences Similarities ● If Vitess was treated as MySQL Server, a Keyspace would be a database. ● A Keyspace can have one or many shards ● Each Shard is one MySQL cluster: master+replicas Differences ● If a table name is unique across all keyspaces, it can be accessed without the qualifying it with db name ● You can “use `keyspace@master`” or “use `keyspace@replica`” ● Bypass shard routing with “use `keyspace:-80@master`” 24 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 25. © 2020 Percona Moving Tables Use case Customer load is increasing, MySQL is reaching its limits. We want to move the customer and corder tables to a separate MySQL cluster, aka “unsharded keyspace”. 25 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 26. © 2020 Percona Create customer keyspace keyspaces: - name: "commerce" shards: - name: "0" tablets: - type: "replica" vttablet: replicas: 3 - name: "customer" shards: - name: "0" tablets: - type: "replica" vttablet: replicas: 3 26 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 27. © 2020 Percona Bring up customer keyspace $ helm upgrade vitess ../../helm/vitess/ -f 201_customer_tablets.yaml Release "vitess" has been upgraded. Happy Helming! NAME: vitess LAST DEPLOYED: Sun May 10 14:21:14 2020 NAMESPACE: default STATUS: deployed REVISION: 2 TEST SUITE: None NOTES: Release name: vitess To access administrative web pages, start a proxy with: kubectl proxy --port=8001 Then use the following URLs: vtctld: http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/default/services/vtctld:web/proxy/app/ vtgate: http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/default/services/vtgate-zone1:web/proxy/ a 27 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 28. © 2020 Percona Verify upgrade zone1-customer-0-replica-0 2/2 Running 0 108s zone1-customer-0-replica-1 2/2 Running 0 108s zone1-customer-0-replica-2 2/2 Running 0 108s mysql> show databases; +-----------+ | Databases | +-----------+ | commerce | | customer | +-----------+ 2 rows in set (0.04 sec) 28 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 29. © 2020 Percona Initiate move tables $ vtctlclient MoveTables -workflow=commerce2customer commerce customer '{"customer":{}, "corder":{}}' 29 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 30. © 2020 Percona Sanity check mysql> use commerce:0 mysql> select count(*) from corder; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 5 | +----------+ mysql> use customer:0 mysql> select count(*) from corder; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 5 | +----------+ 30 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 31. © 2020 Percona VDiff ~/...vitess/examples/helm> vtctlclient VDiff customer.commerce2customer Summary for corder: {ProcessedRows:5 MatchingRows:5 MismatchedRows:0 ExtraRowsSource:0 ExtraRowsTarget:0} Summary for customer: {ProcessedRows:5 MatchingRows:5 MismatchedRows:0 ExtraRowsSource:0 ExtraRowsTarget:0} 31 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 32. © 2020 Percona Switch Traffic $ vtctlclient SwitchReads -tablet_type=rdonly customer.commerce2customer $ vtctlclient SwitchReads -tablet_type=replica customer.commerce2customer $ vtctlclient SwitchWrites customer.commerce2customer 32 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 33. © 2020 Percona Clean-up $ vtctlclient DropSources customer.commerce2customer 33 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 34. © 2020 Percona Reshard Use case Traffic has continued to grow, but the corder table is getting too big to fit in a single database. There is a relationship between corder and customer. It will be beneficial to co-locate every orders with their customer rows. Auto-inc won’t work. Solution: Vitess Sequences. 34 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 35. © 2020 Percona Creating sequences 301_customer_sharded.yaml (commerce schema) create table customer_seq(id int, next_id bigint, cache bigint, primary key(id)) comment 'vitess_sequence'; insert into customer_seq(id, next_id, cache) values(0, 1000, 100); create table order_seq(id int, next_id bigint, cache bigint, primary key(id)) comment 'vitess_sequence'; insert into order_seq(id, next_id, cache) values(0, 1000, 100); 35 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 36. © 2020 Percona Creating sequences 301_customer_sharded.yaml (customer VSchema) { "tables": { "customer_seq": { "type": "sequence" }, "order_seq": { "type": "sequence" }, "product": {} } } 36 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 37. © 2020 Percona 301_customer_sharded.yaml (commerce VSchema) { "sharded": true, "vindexes": { "hash": { "type": "hash" } }, "tables": { "customer": { "column_vindexes": [ { "column": "customer_id", ... "corder": { "column_vindexes": [ { "column": "customer_id", "name": "hash" } ], "auto_increment": { "column": "order_id", "sequence": "order_seq" } } } } Primary Vindexes, aka Sharding Keys 37 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 38. © 2020 Percona Apply Changes $ helm upgrade vitess ../../helm/vitess/ -f 301_customer_sharded.yaml 38 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 39. © 2020 Percona - name: "customer" shards: - name: "0" tablets: - type: "replica" vttablet: replicas: 3 - name: "-80" tablets: - type: "replica" vttablet: replicas: 3 copySchema: source: "customer/0" - name: "80-" tablets: - type: "replica" vttablet: replicas: 3 copySchema: source: "customer/0" Create Target Shards 39 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 40. © 2020 Percona Apply Changes $ helm upgrade vitess ../../helm/vitess/ -f 302_new_shards.yaml 40 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 41. © 2020 Percona Verify cluster zone1-customer-80-x-replica-0 2/2 Running 0 115s zone1-customer-80-x-replica-1 2/2 Running 0 115s zone1-customer-80-x-replica-2 2/2 Running 0 115s zone1-customer-x-80-init-shard-master-6zhhn 0/1 Completed 0 114s zone1-customer-x-80-replica-0 2/2 Running 0 114s zone1-customer-x-80-replica-1 2/2 Running 0 114s zone1-customer-x-80-replica-2 2/2 Running 0 114s 41 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 42. © 2020 Percona Initiate Resharding $ vtctlclient Reshard customer.cust2cust '0' '-80,80-' 42 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 43. © 2020 Percona mysql> use customer:0 mysql> select count(*) from corder; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 5 | +----------+ mysql> use customer:-80 mysql> select count(*) from corder; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 4 | +----------+ mysql> use customer:80- mysql> select count(*) from corder; +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 1 | +----------+ Sanity Check 43 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 44. © 2020 Percona VDiff ~/...vitess/examples/helm> vtctlclient VDiff customer.cust2cust Summary for corder: {ProcessedRows:5 MatchingRows:5 MismatchedRows:0 ExtraRowsSource:0 ExtraRowsTarget:0} Summary for customer: {ProcessedRows:5 MatchingRows:5 MismatchedRows:0 ExtraRowsSource:0 ExtraRowsTarget:0} 44 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 45. © 2020 Percona Switch over $ vtctlclient SwitchReads -tablet_type=rdonly customer.cust2cust $ vtctlclient SwitchReads -tablet_type=replica customer.cust2cust $ vtctlclient SwitchWrites customer.cust2cust 45 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 46. © 2020 Percona Down Shard 0 $ helm upgrade vitess ../../helm/vitess/ -f 306_down_shard_0.yaml $ vtctlclient DeleteShard -recursive customer/0 46 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 47. © 2020 Percona Tear-down Cluster $ helm delete vitess $ kubectl delete pvc -l "app=vitess" $ kubectl delete vitesstoponodes --all 47 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 48. © 2020 Percona Q&A 48 @@ask_dba, @ssougou
- 49. @ 2020 Percona Introduction to Vitess on Kubernetes for MySQL - Part I of III Vitess.io PlanetScale Operating Vitess – Square Cloud Native Computing Foundation: Home Page CNCF Cloud Native Interactive Landscape PlanetScaleDB delivers true multi-cloud, multi-region clusters on AWS, GCP, and Azure - Blog Vitess Demo References 49