Server computing involves physical computers that provide services to client computers connected to them, allowing clients to access information and resources. Servers can be hardware or software and manage network resources and service requests from clients. Common types of servers include web servers, application servers, real-time communication servers, FTP servers, name servers, database servers, game servers, media servers, and proxy servers. Servers are optimized for 24/7 operation, support multiple users and applications, and have features like multiple processors, RAM, storage, and network interfaces that make them more powerful than standard workstations.