introduction to programming using scratch.ppt

Nov 13, 2022Download as ppt, pdf0 likes98 views

This document provides an introduction and overview of computer programming and the Scratch programming environment. It discusses what programming is, why it's useful to learn, and how Scratch allows anyone to program without needing knowledge of complex syntax. It outlines homework assignments to install Scratch, work through tutorials, and experiment. It also covers Scratch programming concepts like statements, Boolean expressions, conditions, loops, variables, threads, events, and how to add levels and code flight for a copter game.

Computer Programming?
 What is programming?
 The process of writing, testing, and maintaining
the source code of computer programs.
 Telling the computer what to do
 Why learn to program?
 Develops logic and problem-solving skills
 Improves attention to detail
 It’s fun!

But I’m Not a Geek!
 Until recently, programming required
knowledge of computer language syntax

Anyone Can Program!
 New tools, like Scratch, allow ANYONE to
create computer programs without learning
complicated syntax.

Programming with Scratch
 Open Scratch from either the desktop icon or
Start Menu

introduction to programming using scratch.ppt

Homework
 Make sure you have the latest version of
Scratch installed on your Tablet PC
 Finish working through the Scratch Getting
Started Guide
 Feel free to experiment and explore!

Statements
 In programming, a statement is simply a
directive that tells the computer to do
something. Think of it as a command or an
instruction.
 In Scratch, any block whose label reads like a
command is a statement.

Boolean Expressions
 Sometimes, you only want a statement to be
executed under certain conditions. Such
conditions are defined in terms of Boolean
expressions.
 In programming, a Boolean expression is
an expression that is either true or false. In
Scratch, any block shaped like an elongated
diamond is a Boolean expression.

Boolean Expressions
 One such block is:
After all, it is either true that the mouse button
is down or it is false.
 Another such block is:
After all, it is either true that some number is
less than another number or it is false.
 With Boolean expressions can we construct
conditions.

Conditions
 In programming, a condition is something
that must be true in order for something to
happen.
 A condition is thus said to "evaluate to true"
or "evaluate to false."
 In Scratch, any block whose label says "if,"
"when," or "until" is a sort of conditional
construct.

Conditions
 If Construct: Instruct a sprite to say hello
only if, say, the user has depressed the
mouse button:
 If-Else Construct: Instruct a sprite to say
hello or goodbye, depending on whether the
user has depressed the mouse button:

Conditions
 When Construct: Instruct a sprite to do
something when an event occurs:
 When Construct: Instruct a sprite to wait to
do something until a condition is true:

Loops
 In programming, a loop can induce multiple
executions of statements.
 In Scratch, any block whose label begins with
"forever" or "repeat" is a looping construct.

Homework 1
 Complete the Cat Walk Project
 Read more from online resources
 Completed the projects and submitted via
Google Classroom.
 NB. Save the project

Variables
 In programming, a variable is a placeholder
for some value, much like x and y are popular
variables in algebra.
 In Scratch, variables are represented with
blocks shaped like elongated circles, uniquely
labeled by you.

Threads
 In programming, a thread is like a mini-
program within a program that can execute at
the same time as other threads.
 In Scratch, any block whose label begins with
"when" essentially demarks the start of a
thread.

Events
 An event is a signal from one thread to
another.
 Blocks whose labels begin with "broadcast"
signal events whereas blocks whose labels
begin with "when" handle events.

Pac Man and Pong
 Games like Pac Man
use Threads
 A Variable could be
added to Pong

Homework
 Complete the Tweak a Game Project
 Read more from online resources
 Completed the projects and submitted via
Google Classroom.
 NB. Save the project

Adding a Level
 Levels can be added using threads and
events.

Homework 3
 Complete the Your First Game Project
 Read more from online resources
 Completed the projects and submitted via
Google Classroom.
 NB. Save the project

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1. Intro to Programming Sir Lamini

2. Computer Programming?  What is programming?  The process of writing, testing, and maintaining the source code of computer programs.  Telling the computer what to do  Why learn to program?  Develops logic and problem-solving skills  Improves attention to detail  It’s fun!

3. But I’m Not a Geek!  Until recently, programming required knowledge of computer language syntax

4. Anyone Can Program!  New tools, like Scratch, allow ANYONE to create computer programs without learning complicated syntax.

5. Programming with Scratch  Open Scratch from either the desktop icon or Start Menu

7. Homework  Make sure you have the latest version of Scratch installed on your Tablet PC  Finish working through the Scratch Getting Started Guide  Feel free to experiment and explore!

8. Scratch Syntax: Part 1

9. Statements  In programming, a statement is simply a directive that tells the computer to do something. Think of it as a command or an instruction.  In Scratch, any block whose label reads like a command is a statement.

10. Boolean Expressions  Sometimes, you only want a statement to be executed under certain conditions. Such conditions are defined in terms of Boolean expressions.  In programming, a Boolean expression is an expression that is either true or false. In Scratch, any block shaped like an elongated diamond is a Boolean expression.

11. Boolean Expressions  One such block is: After all, it is either true that the mouse button is down or it is false.  Another such block is: After all, it is either true that some number is less than another number or it is false.  With Boolean expressions can we construct conditions.

12. Conditions  In programming, a condition is something that must be true in order for something to happen.  A condition is thus said to "evaluate to true" or "evaluate to false."  In Scratch, any block whose label says "if," "when," or "until" is a sort of conditional construct.

13. Conditions  If Construct: Instruct a sprite to say hello only if, say, the user has depressed the mouse button:  If-Else Construct: Instruct a sprite to say hello or goodbye, depending on whether the user has depressed the mouse button:

14. Conditions  When Construct: Instruct a sprite to do something when an event occurs:  When Construct: Instruct a sprite to wait to do something until a condition is true:

15. Loops  In programming, a loop can induce multiple executions of statements.  In Scratch, any block whose label begins with "forever" or "repeat" is a looping construct.

16. Follow Me Follow Me applet

17. Homework 1  Complete the Cat Walk Project  Read more from online resources  Completed the projects and submitted via Google Classroom.  NB. Save the project

18. Scratch Syntax: Part 2

19. Variables  In programming, a variable is a placeholder for some value, much like x and y are popular variables in algebra.  In Scratch, variables are represented with blocks shaped like elongated circles, uniquely labeled by you.

20. Threads  In programming, a thread is like a mini- program within a program that can execute at the same time as other threads.  In Scratch, any block whose label begins with "when" essentially demarks the start of a thread.

21. Events  An event is a signal from one thread to another.  Blocks whose labels begin with "broadcast" signal events whereas blocks whose labels begin with "when" handle events.

22. Pac Man and Pong  Games like Pac Man use Threads  A Variable could be added to Pong

23. Homework  Complete the Tweak a Game Project  Read more from online resources  Completed the projects and submitted via Google Classroom.  NB. Save the project

24. Scratch Syntax: Your First Game

25. Adding a Level  Levels can be added using threads and events.

26. Copter Game Flight Code

27. Copter Game—One Level

28. Homework 3  Complete the Your First Game Project  Read more from online resources  Completed the projects and submitted via Google Classroom.  NB. Save the project

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