Introduction to java

A Laboratory Manual for
Java Programming
Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
Third year Diploma in
Computer Engineering Group (CO,CM,IF)

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT CELL, MSBTE, MUMBAI.
LABORATORY MANUAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
© 2004,Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,
49,Kherwadi, Aliyawar Jung Road, Bandra (East), Mumbai-400051,
Maharashtra State, India.
No part of this Laboratory Manual may be reproduced, in any form or by any
means, without permission in writing from MSBTE Mumbai.
Educational Consultant/ Dr. R.S. Mahashabde Dr. R.S. Mahashabde
Regional Project Technical Teachers’ Training Technical Teachers’ Training
Coordinator Institute, Extension Centre, Pune Institute, Extension Centre, Pune
Project Institution Cursow Wadia Inst. of Tech., Pune Sou. Venutai Chavan Polytechnic,
Pune
Project Period April 2002 – March 2003 July 2004 – Feb. 2005
Chief Project Coordinator Principal, Shri N. S. Paradkar Principal, Shri. J. K. Warke
Project Coordinator Shri. A. A. Jambhale, Shri. A. V. Kurkute,
H. O. D., Comp. Deptt., H. O. D., Computer Technology
CWIT., Pune Deptt., SVCP, Pune
Course Coordinator Shri. P. S. Desai, —
Lect. in Comp. Engg.,
CWIT., Pune
Subject Experts 1) Shri. A. A. Jambhale, 1) Shri. G.J. Adhegaonkar,
H. O. D., Comp. Deptt., Lect. in Comp. Tech.,
CWIT., Pune SVCP, Pune
2) Shri. P. S. Desai, 2) Shri. P.S. Desai,
Lect. in Comp. Engg., Lect. in Comp. Engg.,
CWIT., Pune CWIT, Pune
3) Shri. G. J. Adhegaonkar, 3) Shri. A. V. Kurkute,
Lect. in Computer Engg., H.O.D. Comp. Tech.,
SVCP, Pune SVCP, Pune
Subject Editor — —
Team for design Team for restructuringItem

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate
This is to certify that, Mr. / Ms.
roll no. of Third Year Diploma in
has completed the term work satisfactorily in Java Programming (1526)
for the academic year 200 to 200 as prescribed in the
curriculum.
Place : Enrolment No.:
Date : Exam. Seat No.:
Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal
Seal of
Institution

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION ♦ 5
Java Programming
LEARNING OVERVIEW
Importance of the subject
Welcome to the amazing and dynamic world of Java! Java is a programming language that was
introduced by Sun Microsystems in June 1995. Java is most favoured language for web enabled
application development. It is widely used for developing distributed and internet based applications.
It is also used in communication programming. It is used for web oriented application development
due to its features such as platform independence and portability. Due to OOPS support it offers
new and powerful way to solve complex problems. It also has a huge collection of built in class
libraries which ease the programming task. It has the most coveted robustness and built in security
measures.Also the programs become clearer, reliable, and easily maintainable. It is widely accepted
and is a well designed programming language.
The students are expected to understand basic concepts of web enabled programming and be able
to develop Java programming skills.
The students are already familiar with object oriented principals through C++ programming, which
serves as a good foundation to learn Java.
Subject Objectives
Today’s programming paradigm involves web enabled and distributed applications. There is heavy
need of web enabled applications to cater to the needs of customers located around the globe.
Java is a major tool used for developing web based applications as it provides platform independence.
It is not only object oriented but also very robust and secure.
Therefore in Software industries Java is widely used and forms a major part of skill set expected
from aspiring software professionals.
Features of Java Language
Java is truly object oriented programming language mainly used for Internet applications. It can
also be used for standalone application development. Following are the main features of Java –
Compiled and Interpreted
Java is a two stage system because it combines two approaches which are compiled and interpreted.
First Java compiler translates source code into what is known as bytecode instructions. Byte codes are not
machine instructions and therefore in the second stage, Java interpreter generates machine code that can
be directly executed by the machine that is running the Java program. Thus the Java is both a compiled
and interpreted language.
Platform Independent and Portable
Java programs can be easily moved from one computer system to another, anywhere and anytime.
Changes in upgrades in operating systems, processors and system resources will not force any changes
in Java programs.
Java ensures portability in two ways. First, Java compiler generates bytecode instructions that can
be implemented on any machine. Secondly, the sizes of the data types are machine independent.
Object Oriented
Almost everything in Java is an object. All program code and data are placed within objects and
classes. Java comes with an extensive set of classes and classes, arranged in packages that we can use
in our programs by inheritance. This Java is a true object oriented language.
Robust and Secure
Java is a robust language. It provides many safeguards to give reliable code. It has strict compile
time and run time checking for data types. It is designed as garbage collected language, so no need to
worry about all memory management problems. Java also supports the concept of exception handling
which captures serious errors and eliminates any risk of crashing the system.
Security is the most important thing for a language i.e. used for programming on Internet. Threat of
viruses and misuse of resources is everywhere. Java systems not only verify all memory access but also
♦ i

6 ♦ MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Java Programming
ensure that no viruses are communicated with an applet. The absence of pointers in Java ensures that
programs cannot gain access to memory locations without proper authorization.
Distributed
Java is designed as a distributed language for creating applications on networks. It has the ability to
share both data and programs. Java applications can open and access remote objects on Internet as
easily as they can do in a local system. This enables multiple programmers at multiple remote locations to
work together on a single object.
Multithreaded and Interactive
Multithreaded means handling multiple tasks simultaneously. Java supports multithreaded programs.
This means that we need not wait for the application to finish one task before beginning another. For e.g.
we can listen to music while scrolling a page and at the same time download an applet from a distant
computer. This feature improves interactive performance of graphical applications.
High Performance
Java performance is high due to the use of intermediate bytecode. Java architecture is also designed
to reduce overheads during runtime. The use of multithreading also increases overall execution speed of
Java program.
Dynamic and Extensible
Java is a dynamic language. Java is capable of dynamically linking in new class libraries, methods
and objects.
Java programs support functions written in other languages such as C and C++. These functions
are known as native methods. The efficient functions available in these languages can be used. Native
methods are linked dynamically at run time.
Principles and Concepts
The Teacher will guide the students and give proper direction to learn following concepts & principles-
Platform independence through Java virtual machine, Distributed applications, Security over network,
Multithreaded applications, Understanding applet programming and event handling, Understanding
polymorphism, Handling error using exception handling, Inheritance and types of inheritance, Using
readymade classes in various packages, Accessing databases using Java open database
connectivity, Communication using sockets, Application of Java language features in programs.
Java Development Kit (JDK)
The JDK comes with a collection of tools that are used for developing and running Java programs
which include:
appletviewer (for viewing Java applets)
javac (Java compiler)
java (Java interpreter)
javap (Java disassembler)
javah (for C header files)
javadoc (for creating HTML documents)
jdb (Java debugger)
Following table lists these tools and their descriptions.
Tool Description
appletviewer Enables us to run Java applets (without using a Java compatible browser)
java Java Interpreter, which runs applets and applications by reading and interpreting byte
code files.
javac Java compiler, which translates Java source code to bytecode files that the interpreter
can understand.
javadoc Creates HTML format documentation from Java source code files.
javah Produces header files for use with native methods.
javap Java disassembler, which enables us to convert bytecode files into a program.
jdb Java debugger, which finds errors in programs.
ii ♦

Java Programming
The way these tools are applied to build and run application programs are shown below -
To create a Java program we need to create a source code file using a text editor. The source code
is compiled using javac and executed using Java interpreter java. The Java debugger jdb is used to find
errors. A compiled Java program can be converted into a source code using Java disassembler javap.
Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
All language compilers translate source code into machine code for a specific computer. Java
compiler produces an intermediate code known as bytecode for a machine that does not exist. This
machine is called as Java Virtual Machine and it exists only inside the computer memory. Following
figure shows the process of compiling a Java program into bytecode which is also called as Java
Virtual Machine code.
The Java Virtual Machine code is not machine specific. The machine specific code (known as
machine code) is generated by the Java interpreter by acting as an intermediate between the virtual
machine and the real machine as shown in following figure. The interpreter is different for different machines.
♦ iii

Java Programming
LINK / BLOCK DIAGRAM
SHOWING INTER RELATIONSHIP OF SUBJECT AREAS,
CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES & JOB PROFILE.
iv ♦
HUMAN SCIENCE
1. Communication
skills
2. Development of
Generic skills
ENGG. SCIENCE
1. Engineering
Mathematics
2. Electrical
Engineering
CORE TECHNOLOGY
1. Computer Fundamental &
Organization.
2. Programming in C
3. Digital Techniques
4. Microprocessor &
Programming.
5. Computer Networks
6. Object Oriented
Programming.
7. Database Management
System.
8. System Analysis & Design.
9. Computer Architecture &
Maintenance.
10.Peripherals, Testing &
Measuring Instruments.
(IT & CO)
11. Operating System.
12.Data Structure (CM)
13.Computer Peripherals &
Interfacing.
TECHNOLOGY SUBJECTS
1. Network Administration
(IT & LM)
2. Web Page Designing.
3. Web Server Application.
(CM)
4. Visual Basic Programming.
5. Java Programming.
6. N/W installation &
Maintenance (IT & CO).
7. Troubleshooting & Repair of
Computer System (CO).
8. Digital Computer Control (CO)
JOB PROFILE
1. Entrepreneur
2. Industry
• Customer Support
Engineer
• Technical Assistant
• Project Manager.
• System Analyst.
• Database Administrator.
• Software Developer.
• N/W Administrator.
• Web Page (Application)
• Developer.
• Hardware/Software
• Consultant.
• Customer Support.
CURRICULUM OBJECTIVES
1. Develop attitudes for
personal development.
2. Develop social skills for
social development.
3. Develop continued learning
skills for life long learning.
4. Develop Technical skills for
industry activity.
• Project management skills
• Plan, Estimate, Procure &
install hardware & software
systems
• Test & Certify software &
hardware
• Analyze & design software
systems
• Develop programming
skills
• Web server administration
skills
• Documentation skills
• Troubleshooting, repair &
maintenance of computer
system
• Installation, Maintenance &
Administration of hardware
• Manage computer
resources
• Develop marketing skills
BASIC SCIENCE
1. Applied Physics
2. Applied
Mathematics

Java Programming
GRAPHICAL STRUCTURE OF SUBJECT AREA
Third year- Computer Engineering
JAVA PROGRAMMING (1526)
♦ v

Java Programming
DEVELOPMENT OF SKILLS
Following intellectual skills will be developed through the subject of Java Programming -
Intellectual Skills Description
I1 Identify syntax for given program.
I2 Select control statement.
I3 Select built in classes and methods.
I4 Develop algorithm.
I5 Write program for given problem statement.
I6 Analyze for given problem statement.
Students will practice following motor skills-
Motor Skills Description
M1 Give proper indentation.
M2 Follow naming conventions.
GRID TABLE
Following table gives grid of the experiments and related intellectual and motor skills.
• Teacher shall ensure for development of generic skills during the practicals.
• Students are expected to focus on acquiring specific skills mentioned therein.
SN Experiment Title Intellectual skills Motor
skills
I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 M1 M2
1 Introduction to Laboratory Work - -
2 Program to define a class and instantiate its object. - -
3 Program using String class. -
4 Program using wrapper class.
5 Program to define a class and create array of objects.
6 Program using Vector class.
7 Program to implement single inheritance. - -
8 Program to implement multiple inheritance using interface. - -
9 Program using user-defined exception. - -
10 Program to implement multithreading. - -
11 Program to implement synchronization. - -
12 Program using Applet. -
13 Program to design applet using AWT components. -
14 Program using Applet to handle events. -
15 Program for file processing.
16 Program to implement communication between client and server
sockets.
17 Program to access database using JDBC-ODBC.
18 Mini Project
NOTE : - Identified Skills
STRATEGY FOR IMPLEMENTATION
It is suggested that 40 to 50% experiments shall be completed in first term and remaining experiments
in the second term.
vi ♦

Java Programming
GUIDELINES FOR TEACHERS
Teachers shall discuss the following points with students before start of practicals of the subject.
1) Learning Overview: To Develop better understanding of importance of the subject. To Know related
skills to be developed such as intellectual skills and Motor Skills.
2) Link / Block Diagram : Context of the subject in the form of link diagram showing interrelationship
of various subject areas, curriculum objectives and job profile.
3) Graphical structure: In this topics and sub topics are organized in systematic way so that ultimate
purpose of learning the subject is achieved. This is arranged in the form of fact, concept, principle,
procedure, application and problem.
4) Know your Laboratory work : To understand the layout of laboratory, specifications of Equipment
/Instruments/ Materials, procedure, working in groups, planning time etc. Also to know total amount
of work to be done in the laboratory.
5) Teacher shall ensure that required equipment are in working condition before start of experiment,
also keep operating instruction manual available.
6) Explain prior concepts to the students before starting of each experiment.
7) Involve students activity at the time of conduct of each experiment.
8) While taking reading/observation each student (from batch of 20 students) shall be given a chance
to perform/observe the experiment.
9) List of questions is given at the end of each experiment. Teacher shall instruct the students to
attempt all questions given at the end each experiment / exercise. Teacher shall ensure that each
student writes the answers to the allotted questions in the laboratory manual after performance is
over.
10) If the experimental setup has variations in the specifications of the equipment, the teachers are
advised to make the necessary changes, wherever needed
11) Teacher shall assess the performance of students continuously as per norms prescribed by MSBTE.
12) Teacher should ensure that the respective skills and competencies are developed in the students
after the completion of the practical exercise.
13) Teacher is expected to share the skills and competencies to be developed in the students.
14) Teacher may provide additional knowledge and skills to the students even though not covered in
the manual but are expected from the students by the industries.
15) Teachers shall ensure that industrial visits recommended in the manual are covered.
16) Teacher may suggest the students to refer additional related literature of the technical papers /
reference books / Seminar Proceedings, etc.
17) During assessment teacher is expected to ask questions to the students to tap their achievements
regarding related knowledge and skills so that students can prepare while submitting record of the
practicals. Focus should be given on development of enlisted skills rather than theoretical/codified
knowledge.
18) Teacher should enlist the skills to be developed in the students that are expected by the industry.
19) Teacher should organised Group discussions / brain storming sessions/ Seminars to facilitate the
exchange of knowledge amongst the students.
20) Teacher should ensure that revised CIAAN-2004 norms are followed simultaneously and
progressively.
21) Teacher should give more focus on hands on skills and should actually share the same.
22) Teacher shall also refer to the Circular No. MSBTE/D-50/Lab Mannual / 2005 / 3183 dated 5th May,
2005 for additional guidelines.
♦ vii

Java Programming
INSTRUCTIONS FOR STUDENTS
Students shall read the points given below for understanding the theoretical concepts & practical
applications.
1) Listen carefully to the lecture given by teacher about importance of subject, curriculum philosophy,
graphical structure, skills to be developed, information about equipment, instruments, procedure,
method of continuous assessment, tentative plan of work in laboratory and total amount of work to
be done in a year.
2) Students shall undergo study visit of the laboratory for types of equipment, instruments, material to
be used, before performing experiments.
3) Read the write up of each experiment to be performed, a day in advance.
4) Organize the work in the group and make a record of all observations.
5) Understand the purpose of experiment and its practical implications.
6) Write the answers of the questions allotted by the teacher during practical hours if possible or
afterwards, but immediately.
7) Student should not hesitate to ask any difficulty faced during conduct of practical / exercise.
8) The student shall study all the questions given in the laboratory manual and practice to write the
answers to these questions
9) Student shall visit the recommended industries and should study the knowhow of the shop floor
practices and the operations of machines.
10) Student shall develop maintenance skills as expected by the industries.
10) Student should develop the habit of pocket discussion / group discussion related to the experiments
/ exercises so that exchanges of knowledge / skills could take place.
12) Student shall attempt to develop related hands-on-skills and gain confidence.
13) Student shall focus on development of skills rather than theoretical or codified knowledge.
14) Student shall visit the nearby workshops, workstation, industries, laboratories, technical exhibitions,
trade fair etc. even not included in the Lab Manual. In short, students should have exposure to the
area of work right in the student hood.
15) Student shall insist for the completion of recommended Laboratory Work, industrial visits, answers
to the given questions, etc.
16) Student shall develop the habit of evolving more ideas, innovations, skills etc. than included in the
scope of the manual.
17) Student shall refer technical magazines, proceedings of the Seminars, refer websites related to the
scope of the subjects and update their knowledge and skills.
18) Student should develop the habit of not to depend totally on teachers but to develop self learning
techniques.
19) Student should develop the habit to react with the teacher without hesitation with respect to the
academics involved.
20) Student should develop habit to submit the practicals exercise continuously and progressively on
the scheduled dates and should get the assessment done.
21) Student should be well prepared while submitting the write up of the exercise. This will develop the
continuity of the studies and he will not be over loaded at the end of the term.
viii ♦

Java Programming
1 Introduction to Laboratory Work 1
2 Program to define a class and instantiate 5
its object.
3 Program using String class. 11
4 Program using wrapper class. 17
5 Program to define a class and create 23
array of objects.
6 Program using Vector class. 29
7 Program to implement single inheritance. 37
8 Program to implement multiple 45
inheritance using interface.
9 Program using user-defined exception. 54
10 Program to implement multithreading. 60
11 Program to implement synchronization. 67
12 Program using Applet. 73
13 Program to design applet using AWT 80
components.
14 Program using Applet to handle events. 88
15 Program for file processing. 93
16 Program to implement communication 100
between client and server sockets.
17 Program to access database using 113
JDBC-ODBC.
18 Mini Project 122
Exp. Page Date of Date of Assess- Sign. of
No. Name of the Experiments No. Perfor- submi - ment teacher &
mance ssion Max. Remarks
Marks 15
List of Experiments & Record of Progressive Assessment
* To be transferred to proforma of CIAAN- 2004
Total
Marks
…………
Average
Marks
out of
15……*
♦ ix

Introduction to java

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