Introduction to Computers Lecture # 11
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This document provides an overview of different types of software, including system software and application software. It defines software and describes system software such as operating systems, device drivers, firmware, translators, and utility software. It also defines application software and describes types including commercial software, customized software, and freeware. Specific examples are provided for each type of software discussed.
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Introduction to Computers Lecture # 11
- 1. Introduction to Computer Lecture # 11 Course Instructor : Sehrish Rafiq Govt. Girls Degree College Maneri Swabi Higher Education Department KP
- 2. Lecture Overview • Software • Types of Software System Software Operating System Device Drivers Firmware Translators Utility Software Application Software Commercial Software Customized Software Freeware
- 3. Software • Software is a general term used to refer to various kinds of programs used to operate computers and related devices. • It is a set of instructions which tell the computer to perform some particular task. • A computer cannot think about what to do with data and how to process it. • It must be told exactly what to do i.e. from where to take the data, how to process it and where to put the result. • All these steps must be written in to a particular computer language. • These set of steps are known as software/ programs.
- 4. Continued… • In other words we can say that the set of instructions which take data from input devices, process that data and send the output to output devices are known as software. • There are two types of software. System software Application software
- 5. System Software • System software are programs consisting of instructions related with working of hardware and software. • It behaves like an incharge and performs the activity of overall supervision of input, processing and output of data. • The purpose of system software is to increase the capability of the system and to make the computer more effective. • System software is a base for application software and is responsible for managing hardware . • In other words we can say that system software acts as an intermediator between user and hardware.
- 6. Types of System Software • Operating system • Device drivers • Firmware • Language Translators • Utility Software
- 7. Operating System • The operating system is a type of system software which acts like an interface between computer hardware and end user. • It is installed first on a computer to allow devices and applications to be identified by the computer. • • Operating system is the first layer of software to be loaded into memory every time a computer is powered up. • It is the most important type of software in a system. • It is a set of programs which coordinate and control different activities of the computer. • Operating system is a resource manager which controls different hardware and software resources of a computer system. • A resource may be an input/output or storage device or it can be a program/ data file.
- 8. Operating System Examples • Windows Operating system Series Windows 1-3 Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows XP 2000-2006 Windows 7-8 Windows 10 • Linux Operating system series Ubunto Arch Linux Fedora Red Hat BackBox Lunar Linux • Unix Operating system series Ultrix Sun OS Solaris
- 9. Device Drivers • Device Driver software brings computer devices and peripherals to life. • Drivers make it possible for all connected components and external add-ons perform their intended tasks and as directed by the OS. • Without drivers, the OS would not assign any duties. • Usually, the operating system ships with drivers for most devices already in the market. • By default, input devices such as the mouse and keyboard will have their drivers installed. • They may never require third-party installations.
- 10. Continued… • If a device is newer than the operating system, the user may have to download drivers from manufacturer websites or alternative sources. • Examples of devices which require drivers: Mouse Keyboard Soundcard Display card Network card Printer
- 11. Firmware • Firmware is the operational software embedded within ROM, or EPROM memory chip by the computer manufacturer. • Traditionally, firmware used to mean fixed software as denoted by the word firm. • It is installed on non-volatile chips usually ROM and could be upgraded only by swapping them with new, preprogrammed chips. • Types of firmware embedded on chips include: Bootstrap routine BIOS Assembler
- 12. Translators • A translator is a program which translates source program in to object program. • A source program is a program written in a high level language(non- machine language) e.g. assembly language, C, C++, C#, Java etc. • An object program is a program in machine language obtained after translation process. • A computer understands machine language only therefore programs written in high level language or assembly language must be translated in to machine language before execution. • Types of translators Assembler Compiler Interpreter
- 13. Assembler • A computer cannot understand assembly language code therefore it has to be converted in to machine language. • Assembler is a translator software used to convert assembly language code in to machine language code. • Assembly language is machine dependent, therefore assemblers are supplied on ROM chips by the computer manufacturer.
- 14. Compiler • A compiler is a translator software which converts programs written in a high level language in to machine code. • The process of translation is known as compilation. • Before translation the compiler first checks the syntax of the source program and report the errors to the programmer if found. • If the program is correct according to source language then the compiler translates it in to machine language. • A compiler compiles the whole program at once and save the object code for future use. • The object code can then be executed by the CPU.
- 15. Continued… • Every high level language has its own compiler /interpreter. • If a program has too many errors then the compiler works fast than interpreter. • Once a program is compiled, it always run fast than an interpreted program.
- 16. Interpreter • Interpreter is a translator software and like compiler it is also used for translating source program in to object program. • An interpreter translates the program line by line. • After translating a line in to machine code, the interpreter sends that line to CPU for execution and then translates another line. • It does not store any object code for future use. • If a program has too many errors, the interpreter stuck at each line which contains any error. • If a program is free of errors then the interpreter works fast than compiler.
- 17. Utility Software • Utility programs are a type of system software. • These are programs intended for diagnostic and maintenance tasks for the computer. • They ensure that the computer functions optimally. • Their tasks vary from crucial data security to disk drive defragmentation. • Most are third-party tools but they may come bundled with the operating system. • Examples and features of utility software include: Antivirus software Disk defragmentation tools File Compression tools Data backup tools Data recovery tools Firewall
- 18. Application software • Application software, or simply applications, are also called productivity programs , end-user programs or packages. • Application software is designed for performing specific tasks. • They are designed by experts for the non-experts. • They enable the user to complete tasks, such as creating documents, spreadsheets, databases and publications, doing online research, sending email, designing graphics, running businesses, and even playing games. • Examples of application software Microsoft office suite(word, excel, access, power point) Vlc Media Player, Real Player, Adobe Flash Player Street Fighter, Need for speed, Zuma Delux
- 19. Types of Application Software • Commercial software Commercial software are software which are designed for public use and sold in market. Examples:- Microsoft Office, Adobe Photoshop, Dreamweaver etc. • Customized software • Customized software is that application software which are designed on order by the customer and according to specific customer needs. • Examples:- Management Information Systems, Online Admission system, Attendance Management system. • Freeware software • Freeware are those application software which can be downloaded for free from the internet. • Examples:- VlC media Player, Real Player, Skype, Adobe Reader, PDF X- change Viewer etc.