introduction.presentation pptx biostatistics

BIOSTATISTICS
DR.LAKSHMI.J
1ST
MDS
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY
1

“Breast cancer is the 2nd
leading cause of cancer
death in women; 1 in 40 womens ”
2

But how do we know this fact is true ??
Where did that information come from??
● Researchers simply followed the numbers –the biostatistics
numbers to be exact
3

Topic: Introduction to Biostatistics
Date: 5/2/2024
Duration: 35 minutes
Setting: classroom
Specific learning objective:
The student should be able to
1. To define statistics and biostatistics
2. To know about the background
3. To enumerate the basics of biostatistics
4. To enumerate the application of biostatistics in different field
Sl no Content Teaching methods Media used time
1 Introduction Lecture Power point 5 mins
2 History Lecture Power point 3 mins
3 Basics of biostatistics Lecture Power point 10 mins
4 Application Lecture Power point 15 mins
5 Summary and conclusion Lecture Power point 2 mins 4

Table of contents
01
03
02
04
Introduction
History
Basics of biostatistics
Applications
05
06
07
Summary
Conclusion
References
5

INTRODUCTION
What is statistics??
Statistics may be defined as the science which deals with
•Collection
•Presentation
•Analysis
•Interpretation
- croxton and cowden
Numerical data
01
6

What is biostatistics ??
● Biostatistics is that branch of statistics concerned with
mathematical facts and data related to biological
events. - Soben Peter 6th Edition, Indian J Pharmacol.2012
jul-aug;44(4):435-442
7

●It’s the science that helps in managing medical
uncertainties
●It mainly consists of various steps like generation of
hypothesis ,collection of data and application of statistical
analysis
8

●Any science needs precision for its development
●Precision is all the more important when it comes to
health science
Precision-facts ,observation or measurements have to
be expressed in figures
9

Why study statistics?
Decision makers use statistics to :
Present and describe data and information properly
Draw conclusion about large groups of individuals or
information collected from subsets of the individuals or
items
Improve the processes
1

Why should medical student learn
biostatistics??
●To clarify the relationship between certain factors and disease
●Enumerate the occurrences of disease
●Explain etiology of disease
11

●Predict number of disease occurrences
●Criticize the medical literature
●Planning ,conduct and interpretation of much of medical
research are becoming increasingly reliant on statistical method
1
2

Role of biostatistics in clinical research
• For proper development of protocol and study design
• To calculate right sample size
• For proper randomization of sample
1
3

• Data management and monitoring
• Provides definition for data analysis
• Data presentation for clinical studies in the form of tabulation
and graphic representation
1
4

HISTORY
02
The science of statistics is said to have originated from two
main sources:
1. Government records.
2. Mathematics.
FATHER OF HEALTH STATISTICS- John Graunt
He is also knows as father of demography who published a
landmark analysis of mortality data 1
5

• He was first to apply statistical method
• It developed from registration of heads of families in
ancient Egypt to the Roman census on military strength,
birth and deaths etc and found its application gradually in
the field of health and medicine
• He is neither a physician nor a mathematician, he is a
haberdasher by profession
1
6

BASICS OF BIOSTATISTICS
02
STATISTICS
Descriptive
statistics
Experimental
statistics
Inferential
statistics
Methods for processing
,
summarizing,
presenting and
describing data
03
Technique for planning
and conducting
experiments
Drawing conclusions
and /or making
decision concerning a
population based only
on sample data
1
7

• Constant – Quantities that do not vary e.g.
in biostatistics, mean, standard deviation
are considered constant for a population.
• Variable – Characteristics which takes
different values for different person, place
or thing such as height, weight, blood
pressure.
1
8

•Parameter – It is a constant that describes a
population
•Statistic – Statistic is a constant that describes
the sample
•
1
9

• Attribute - A characteristic based on which the population
can be described into categories or class e.g. gender,
caste, religion
2
0

APPLICATION
In physiology and Anatomy
• To define what is normal and healthy in a population
• To find the limits of normality in variables such as weight
and pulse rate in a population
• To find the difference between means and proportion of
normal at two different places or in different times
• To find the correlation of two variables X and Y
04
2
5

In pharmacology
● To find the action of a drug
● To compare the action of two different drugs or two
successive dosages of the same drug
● To find the relative potency of new drug with respect to a
standard drug
2
6

In medicine
● To compare the efficacy of particular drug , operation or
line of treatment
● To find the association between two attributes
● To find the signs and symptoms of a disease or syndrome
● To provide the magnitude of any disease in the community
2
7

Biochemistry
● Can focus on –
genetic modification of plant and animals
Gene therapy
Drug manufacturing
● In all these cases research is carried out by either
developing something or testing whether it has desired
performance
2
8

In community medicine and
public health
● To evaluate the efficacy of vaccine in the field
● In epidemiological studies
● To test the difference between two population is
real or a chance of occurrence
2
5
2
9

● To measure morbidity and mortality
● To evaluate achievements of public health program
● To fix priorities in public health program
● To help promote legislation and create administration
standards for oral health
3
0

In environmental science
● Regular monitoring- to detect changes in
environments
● Target studies- likely impact of change by
accidental occurrence
● Baseline studies- document present state of
environment to provide background in case of
unknown changes in future
3
2

In nutrition
● Appropriate statistical analysis are expected to make an
important contribution to solve major nutritional
associated problems in humans.
3
3

Use in dental science
● To find statistical difference between mean of
2 different groups
● To assess the state of oral health in the
community and determine the availability and
utilization of dental care services
3
4

• To indicate the basic factor underlying the state of
oral health by diagnosis the community and find
solution to such problem
• To determine success and failure of specific oral health
program
• Helps students to critically evaluate the articles in
medical and dental journals
3
5

SUMMARY
1. What is biostatistics ??
2. Applications of biostatistics ??
05
3
6

CONCLUSION
● Biostatistical technique can assure that the results found in
such a study are not merely because of chance
● In every case of our life ,statistics plays a major role for
better gaining and accurate results
● A well designed and properly conducted study is a basic
pre requisite to arrive at valid conclusions
06
3
7

REFERENCES
● Methods In Biostatistics Sixth Edition: BK Mahajan
● Fundamentals Of Biostatics ;Sanjeev BS
07
3
8

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