Introduction of DBMS,RDBMS,SQL

CH.PRANAVI
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGG

PREVIOUS HISTORY OF DBMS
 Before the concept of DBMS, they used to store
the data (i.e information) in the form of written
copies and store them....
This made the retrieve process very difficult.
It made wastage of paper, files, storage and
precious time.

CONCEPT OF DBMS...
 In order to make the retrieving process easy,
the concept of was DBMS raised .
 The introduction of term database coincided
from the mid-1960s onwards.
 As computers grew in speed and capability, a
number of general-purpose database systems
emerged; by the mid-1960s a number of such
systems had come into commercial use.

In 1971 the Database Task Group delivered
their standard known as "CODASYL approach“.
Both concepts later became known as
NAVIGATIONAL DATABASES due to
the way data was accessed.
IBM also had their own DBMS in 1968, known
as Information Management System (IMS).

• CHARLES BACHMAN,
was awarded with
ACM TURING award in 1973,
for his work on
development of
“DATABASE
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS.”

What is DBMS???
A Database Management System (DBMS) is a
software system designed to store, manage, and
facilitate access to databases….
(or)
A database management system (DBMS) is a set of
related software applications that provide end
users and application programmers with a
systematic way to create and manage databases.

IN GENERAL TERMS.....
Data base management system is nothing but
storing of data which we can access whenever we
will need.
Collection of inter-related data.
It provides an convenient environment for the
efficient use.
Database touch all aspects of our day to day life.
In modern days business, data base management
system can be never avoided.

APPLICATIONS OF DBMS....
Banking: for transactions
Airlines: reservation and schedules
Tele communications: for retrieving data of user
Credit card: for transactions
Universities: registration, retrieving marks,
applications, grades
Human resources: employee records, salaries, tax
deductions,

Introduction of DBMS,RDBMS,SQL

RDBMS...
• Most popular database system.
• Simple and sound theoretical basis.
• Developed by E F Codd in the early 1970's.
• The model is based on tables, rows and columns and the
manipulation of data stored within.
• Relational database is a collection of these tables.
• First commercial system: MULTICS in 1978.
• Has overtaken Hierarchical and Network models.
• Main feature: Single database can be spread across several tables.
• Examples include: Oracle, IBM's DB2, Sybase, MySQL & Microsoft
Access.

RDBMS Advantages
• Increases the sharing of data and faster development of new applications
• Support a simple data structure, namely tables or relations
• Limit redundancy or replication of data
• Better integrity as data inconsistencies are avoided by storing data in one
place
• Provide physical data independence so users do not have to be aware of
underlying objects
• Offer logical database independence - data can be viewed in different ways
by different users.
• Expandability is relatively easy to achieve by adding new views of the data
as they are required.
• Support one off queries using SQL or other appropriate language.
• Better backup and recovery procedures
• Provides multiple interfaces
• Solves many problems created by other data models
• The ability to handle efficiently simple data types
• Multiple users can access which is not possible in DBMS

RDBMS Disadvantages
• Software is expensive
• Complex software means expensive hardware
• Requires skilled knowledge to implement
• Certain applications are slower processing
• Increased vulnerability
• More difficult to recover if data is lost
• Seen as a poor representation of the real world
• Difficult to represent hierarchies
• Difficult to represent complex data type.

DBMS
Data is stored in a single large table
Single record modification affects the whole
database
RDBMS
Database is 'broken down' into smaller pieces
The changes will not affect the entire database

SQL…
The most basic Oracle Database utility
A Basic command-line interface
The first thing you work with it in Oracle DBMS

What is SQL?
– When a user wants to get some
information from a database file, he
can issue a query.
– A query is a user–request to retrieve
data or information with a certain
condition.
– SQL is a query language that allows
user to specify the conditions. (instead
of algorithms)

INTRODUCTION TO SQL…
Concept of SQL
– The user specifies a certain condition.
– The result of the query will then be
stored in form of a table.
– Statistical information of the data.
– The program will go through all the
records in the database file and
select those records that satisfy the
condition.(searching).

STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE ...
Relational Database Management Systems
use the language known as SQL
SQL is a simple programming language used
for accessing and managing data in relational
databases.
Developed by IBM in 1970 to support its
various relational products.
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Introduction of DBMS,RDBMS,SQL

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