Inside CynosDB: MariaDB optimized for the cloud at Tencent

Mar 12, 20193 likes750 views

Qinglin Zhang, Database Kernel Engineer at Tencent, introduces CynosDB, Tencent's self-developed database for the cloud. CynosDB is based on MariaDB Server, but separates computing and storage. Zhang goes on to provide a detailed explanation of the architecture with a focus on how Tencent implemented the computing and storage layers, and created Tencent’s MariaDB-based “Aurora”.

Qinglin Zhang
TXSQL Team @ Tencent
CynosDB @ Tencent Cloud
guyue.zql@gmail.com

Agenda
• Why CynosDB ?
• Architecture
• TXStore for CynosDB
• TXSQL for CynosDB
• Future of CynosDB

User Challenges:
✓ Scalability: fast scale up/down, fast scalable read
✓ Cost: pay on-demand
✓ Replication: binlog, DDL/big transaction
✓ BufferPool: read & write cache, the disadvantage of flushing
Traditional MySQL Challenges:

✓ Separate storage from MySQL
✓ Log is database, write once
Architecture
slave
TXSQL
master
TXSQL
slave
TXSQL
…CELL CELL CELLCELL
TXStore
MDS
redo

TXStore core for CynosDB
✓ Replication protocol
✓ Computational storage
✓ Multi version page

MySQL Master
SQL Layer
Engine Layer
①send log record
LogPool
RingQueue
MemTable
InnoDB Page
③ack
②Replicate log record
Primary Storage Node
Replica Storage Node
Replica Storage Node
④push to memtable
⑤Apply logs to InnoDB Page
sync
async
TXStore core details
Disk
②flush to disk

TXStore performance for CynosDB
✓ SPDK（user space api）
✓ RDMA
✓ Reconstruct redo log
✓ …
✓ Jemalloc integrated

The Brief of TXSQL
✓ Tencent MySQL(Compatible with Oracle MySQL5.5/5.6/5.7)
✓ Support Tencent Cloud (TencentDB for CDB)
✓ The Component of TXSQL
TXSQL for MySQL TXSQL for NewCDB TXSQL for RocksDB
TXSQL CynosDB TXRocks TXTools
Backup/Recovery/Checksum

TXSQL core for CynosDB
✓ Crash Recovery
✓ Remote Storage based on TXStore
✓ System tables converted to Innodb
✓ Redo log Replication
✓ Redo for bulk load create index
✓ Parallel redo log copy optimization
✓ MVCC

Parallel redo log copy optimization
mtr_commitTrx_1
Trx_2
Trx_m
mtr_commit
Reduce log_sys->mutex occupancy time to improve perforemance
mtr_commit
mutex_enter calc lsn mutex_exit copy redo log
mutex_enter calc lsn mutex_exit copy redo log
mutex_enter calc lsn mutex_exit copy redo log

Parallel redo log replication
mtr_commit
mtr_commit
……
mtr_commit
log_sys->write_buf
log_write_thread
redo_log_receiver_thread redo_log_coor_thread
redo_log_worker_thread
redo_log_worker_thread
redo_log_worker_thread

TXSQL performance for CynosDB
✓ Redo Log optimization for flush
✓ Asyc Thread Pool Commit
✓ Trx sys optimization
✓ …
✓ Jemalloc integrated
✓ Async DDL Replication

Async Thread Pool Commit
listener thread (pollfd)
... wroker threadwroker thread
high_prio_queue queue
handle_event
get_event
handle_event
get_event
clientclient …… client
thread_group_oversubscribe
log_write_up_to log_write_up_to
✓ Sync wait converted to async
✓ Enlarge high-priority-queue
✓ Thread pool & one-thread-per-connection

Async DDL Replication
Async DDL Support in CynosDB
Frm files stored in Innodb
Multi page version from TXStore
Synchronized by redo log

master slave
read old Table
begin
end
DDL start
DDL end
read new Table
table was locked
Asynchronous DDL
cost most time of DDL,replica can read
cost little time of DDL,master can't read

TXSQL feature for CynosDB
✓ Aggregate pushdown to InnoDB
✓ Enterprise Encryption
✓ INVISIBLE INDEX
✓ Instant DDL Operation
✓ Asynchronous DROP TABLE
✓ …

Instant DDL Operation
✓ Add column at designed order
✓ Change column order
✓ Change default value

Future of CynosDB
✓ CDBTune（Intelligent tuning）
✓ Multi Master
✓ …
✓ PITR

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Ansell Guardian® faced challenges with their previous database replication solution as their data and usage grew globally. They evaluated MariaDB/Galera and implemented it to replace their legacy solution. The implementation was smooth using automation scripts. MariaDB/Galera provided increased performance, faster deployment times, and more reliable data synchronization across their 3 data centers compared to their previous solution. It helped resolve a critical data divergence issue and improved the user experience. They plan to further enhance their database infrastructure using MaxScale in the future.

Introducing workload analysisMariaDB plc

SkySQL is the first and only database-as-a-service (DBaaS) to perform workload analysis with advanced deep learning models, identifying and classifying discrete workload patterns so DBAs can better understand database workloads, identify anomalies and predict changes. In this session, we’ll explain the concepts behind workload analysis and show how it can be used in the real world (and with sample real-world data) to improve database performance and efficiency by identifying key metrics and changes to cyclical patterns.

Under the hood: SkySQL monitoringMariaDB plc

SkySQL uses best-of-breed software, and when it comes to metrics and monitoring that means Prometheus and Grafana. SkySQL Monitor is built on both, and provides customers with interactive dashboards for both real-time and historic metrics monitoring. In addition, it meets the same high availability and security requirements as other SkySQL components, ensuring metrics are always available and always secure. In this session, we’ll explain how SkySQL Monitor works, walk through its dashboards and show how to monitor key metrics for performance and replication.

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Inside CynosDB: MariaDB optimized for the cloud at Tencent

1. Qinglin Zhang TXSQL Team @ Tencent CynosDB @ Tencent Cloud guyue.zql@gmail.com

2. Preview Tencent Tencent Cloud TXSQL CDB

3. Agenda • Why CynosDB ? • Architecture • TXStore for CynosDB • TXSQL for CynosDB • Future of CynosDB

4. Why CynosDB？

5. User Challenges: ✓ Scalability: fast scale up/down, fast scalable read ✓ Cost: pay on-demand ✓ Replication: binlog, DDL/big transaction ✓ BufferPool: read & write cache, the disadvantage of flushing Traditional MySQL Challenges:

6. The Architecture of CynosDB

7. ✓ Separate storage from MySQL ✓ Log is database, write once Architecture slave TXSQL master TXSQL slave TXSQL …CELL CELL CELLCELL TXStore MDS redo

8. TXStore for CynosDB

9. TXStore core for CynosDB ✓ Replication protocol ✓ Computational storage ✓ Multi version page

10. MySQL Master SQL Layer Engine Layer ①send log record LogPool RingQueue MemTable InnoDB Page ③ack ②Replicate log record Primary Storage Node Replica Storage Node Replica Storage Node ④push to memtable ⑤Apply logs to InnoDB Page sync async TXStore core details Disk ②flush to disk

11. TXStore performance for CynosDB ✓ SPDK（user space api） ✓ RDMA ✓ Reconstruct redo log ✓ … ✓ Jemalloc integrated

12. TXSQL for CynosDB

13. The Brief of TXSQL ✓ Tencent MySQL(Compatible with Oracle MySQL5.5/5.6/5.7) ✓ Support Tencent Cloud (TencentDB for CDB) ✓ The Component of TXSQL TXSQL for MySQL TXSQL for NewCDB TXSQL for RocksDB TXSQL CynosDB TXRocks TXTools Backup/Recovery/Checksum

14. TXSQL core for CynosDB ✓ Crash Recovery ✓ Remote Storage based on TXStore ✓ System tables converted to Innodb ✓ Redo log Replication ✓ Redo for bulk load create index ✓ Parallel redo log copy optimization ✓ MVCC

15. Parallel redo log copy optimization mtr_commitTrx_1 Trx_2 Trx_m mtr_commit Reduce log_sys->mutex occupancy time to improve perforemance mtr_commit mutex_enter calc lsn mutex_exit copy redo log mutex_enter calc lsn mutex_exit copy redo log mutex_enter calc lsn mutex_exit copy redo log

16. Parallel redo log replication mtr_commit mtr_commit …… mtr_commit log_sys->write_buf log_write_thread redo_log_receiver_thread redo_log_coor_thread redo_log_worker_thread redo_log_worker_thread redo_log_worker_thread

17. TXSQL performance for CynosDB ✓ Redo Log optimization for flush ✓ Asyc Thread Pool Commit ✓ Trx sys optimization ✓ … ✓ Jemalloc integrated ✓ Async DDL Replication

18. Async Thread Pool Commit listener thread (pollfd) ... wroker threadwroker thread high_prio_queue queue handle_event get_event handle_event get_event clientclient …… client thread_group_oversubscribe log_write_up_to log_write_up_to ✓ Sync wait converted to async ✓ Enlarge high-priority-queue ✓ Thread pool & one-thread-per-connection

19. Async DDL Replication Async DDL Support in CynosDB Frm files stored in Innodb Multi page version from TXStore Synchronized by redo log

20. master slave read old Table begin end DDL start DDL end read new Table table was locked Asynchronous DDL cost most time of DDL,replica can read cost little time of DDL,master can't read

21. TXSQL feature for CynosDB ✓ Aggregate pushdown to InnoDB ✓ Enterprise Encryption ✓ INVISIBLE INDEX ✓ Instant DDL Operation ✓ Asynchronous DROP TABLE ✓ …

22. Instant DDL Operation ✓ Add column at designed order ✓ Change column order ✓ Change default value

23. Future of CynosDB ✓ CDBTune（Intelligent tuning） ✓ Multi Master ✓ … ✓ PITR

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