Ict 9 module 3, lesson 1.3 computer systems, devices, and peripherals

ICT 9:
COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING
MODULE 3, LESSON 1: PLAN AND PREPARE FOR INSTALLATION
COMPUTER SYSTEM, DEVICES AND PERIPHERALS

As an aspiring computer technician, it is very
important to know the system that runs your computer
and different devices attached to it. Each device plays
an important role, without each other computer
system will not work properly.
6/27/2017PREPARED BY LMCADAPAN KNHS2017 2

What is an Operating System?

The operating system is the most
important program that runs on a
computer.
Every general-purpose computer
must have an operating system to
run other programs.

Operating systems perform basic
tasks, such as recognizing input from
the keyboard, sending output to the
display screen, keeping track of files
and directories on the disk, and
controlling peripheral devices such as
disk drives and printers.

For large systems, the operating system
has even greater responsibilities and
powers.
It is like a traffic cop -- it makes sure that
different program and users running at the
same time do not interfere with each
other.

The operating system is also responsible
for security, ensuring that unauthorized
users do not access the system.

Operating systems can be classified as follows:
• Multi-user: Allows two or more users to run programs at the same
time. Some operating systems permit hundreds or even thousands of
concurrent users.
Linux
Unix
Windows 2000

• Multiprocessing : Supports running a program on more than one
CPU.
Linux
Unix
Windows 2000

• Multitasking : Allows more than one program to run concurrently.
Unix
Windows 2000 and Windows multi point

• Multithreading : Allows different parts of a single program to run
concurrently.
Linux
Unix
Windows 2000 and Windows 7

• Real time: Responds to input instantly. General-purpose operating
systems, such as DOS and UNIX, are not real-time.

Operating systems provide a software platform on
which other application programs can run.
The application programs must be written to run on
top of a particular operating system.

Your choice of operating system, therefore, determines
to a great extent the applications you can run.

For PCs, the most popular operating systems are DOS,
OS/2, and Windows, but others are available, such as
Linux.

What are the devices of a computer?

The physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical
parts of a computer are called the hardware which is
composed of different devices attached to the
computer.

The following list represents a basic set of devices found in most Personal
Computers.
1. System Unit- The main part of a
microcomputer, sometimes called
the chassis. It includes the following
parts: Motherboard,
Microprocessor, Memory Chips,
Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and
Cards.

Computers.
2. Motherboard / Mainboard /
System Board- The main circuit
board of a computer. It contains all
the circuits and components that
run the computer.

Computers.
3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) -
The processor is the main “brain” or
“heart” of a computer system. It
performs all of the instructions and
calculations that are needed and
manages the flow of information
through a computer.

Computers.
4. Primary storage- (internal storage,
main memory or memory) is the
computer's working storage space
that holds data, instructions for
processing and processed data
(information) waiting to be sent to
secondary storage.

Computers.
4. Primary storage- Physically,
primary storage is a collection of
RAM chips.

Computers.
Two (2) Types of Memory
a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM
is non-volatile, meaning it holds
data even when the power is ON or
OFF.

Computers.
Two (2) Types of Memory
b. RAM – (Random Access Memory)
RAM is volatile, meaning it holds
data only when the power is on.
When the power is off, RAM's
contents are lost.

Computers.
5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data
pathway between several hardware
components inside or outside a
computer. It does not only connect
the parts of the CPU to each other,
but also links the CPU with other
important hardware.

Computers.
6. Adapters- Printed-circuit boards
(also called interface cards) that
enable the computer to use a
peripheral device for which it does
not have the necessary
connections or circuit boards.

Computers.
6. Adapters- They are often used to
permit upgrading to a new different
hardware.

Computers.
7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) -
Installed in the back corner of the
PC case, next to the motherboard.
It converts 120vac (standard house
power) into DC voltages that are
used by other components in the
PC.

Computers.
8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - In a
Windows computer, the hard drive
is usually configured as the C: drive
and contains the operating system
and applications.

Computers.
9. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a
storage device that uses lasers to
read data on the optical media.
There are three types of optical
drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital
Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray
Disc (BD).

Computers.
10.Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) -
Designed to optically access data
stored on a DVD. A laser moves
back and forth near the disk surface
and accesses data at a very fast
rate.

What are the input and output devices of
a computer?

The devices attached to a personal computer can be
classified into two- the input and output devices.
Input Device is composed of a device that accepts
data and instructions from the user or from another
computer system.

The devices attached to a personal computer can be
classified into two- the input and output devices.
Output device is any piece of computer hardware that
displays results after the computer has processed the
input data that has been entered.

INPUT DEVICES

Two (2) Types of Input Devices
1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer through a
keyboard.
Keyboard - The first input device developed for the PC. Data is
transferred to the PC over a short cable with a circular 6-pin mini-
din connector that plugs into the back of the motherboard.

Two (2) Types of Input Devices
2. Direct Entry – A form of input that does not require data to be keyed
by someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices create
machine-readable data on paper, or magnetic media, or feed it directly
into the computer’s CPU.

Three Categories of Direct Entry Devices
1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to move the pointer (cursor)
on screen.
Mouse - The most common 'pointing device' used in PCs.
Every mouse has two buttons and most have one or two scroll
wheels.

on screen.
Touch screen- A display screen that is sensitive to the touch of
a finger or stylus. Used in myriad applications, including ATM
machines, retail point-of-sale terminals, car navigation and
industrial controls. The touch screen became wildly popular for
smart phones and tablets.

on screen.
Light Pen - A light-sensitive stylus wired to a video terminal
used to draw pictures or select menu options. The user brings
the pen to the desired point on screen and presses the pen
button to make contact.

on screen.
Digitizer Tablet - A graphics drawing tablet used for sketching
new images or tracing old ones. Also called a "graphics tablet,"
the user contacts the surface of the device with a wired or
wireless pen or puck. Often mistakenly called a mouse, the
puck is officially the "tablet cursor."

1. Pointing Devices

2. Scanning Devices- A device that can read text or illustrations printed
on paper and translates the information into a form the computer can
use.

3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices also known as speech or
voice recognition systems that allow a user to send audio signals to a
computer for processing, recording, or carrying out commands. Audio
input devices such as microphones allow users to speak to the
computer in order to record a voice message or navigate software.

3. Voice- Input Devices

OUTPUT DEVICES

Output Devices
1. Computer Display Monitor- It displays information in visual form,
using text and graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the
information is called the screen or video display terminal.

Output Devices
1. Computer Display Monitor
a. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT)
were the only type of displays for use with
desktop PCs. They are relatively big (14" to
16" deep) and heavy (over 15 lbs).

Output Devices
b. LCD Monitors – Liquid Crystal Display
(LCD) technology has been used in laptops
for some time. It has recently been made
commercially available as monitors for
desktop PCs.

Output Devices
c. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A
display and lighting technology used in
almost every electrical and electronic
product on the market, from a tiny on/off
light to digital readouts, flashlights, traffic
lights and perimeter lighting.

Output Devices
2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets of
polarizing material with a liquid crystal
solution between them.

Output Devices
2. LCD Projectors- An electric current
passed through the liquid causes the
crystals to align so that light cannot pass
through them.

Output Devices
2. LCD Projectors- Each crystal, therefore,
is like a shutter, either allowing light to
pass through or blocking the light.

Output Devices
3. Smart Board - A type of display screen
that has a touch sensitive transparent
panel covering the screen, which is
similar to a touch screen.

Output Devices
4. Printer - A device that
prints text or illustrations
on paper.

Output Devices
Types of printer
a) Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - spays ink
at a sheet of paper. Ink-jet printers
produce high-quality text and graphics.

Output Devices
Types of printer
b) Laser Printer - Uses the same technology
as copy machines. Laser printers produce
very high quality text and graphics.

Output Devices
Types of printer
c) LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser
printer, but uses liquid crystals or light-
emitting diodes rather than a laser to
produce an image on the drum.

Output Devices
Types of printer
d) Line Printer - Contains a chain of
characters or pins that print an entire line
at one time. Line printers are very fast, but
produce low-quality print.

Output Devices
Types of printer
e) Thermal Printer- An inexpensive printer
that works by pushing heated pins against
heat-sensitive paper. Thermal printers are
widely used in calculators and fax
machines.

Output Devices
5. Speakers - Used to play sound. They
may be built into the system unit or
connected with cables. Speakers allow
you to listen to music and hear sound
effects from your computer.

What is a Storage Device?

Aside from the devices attached on a PC, there are
also the so called storage devices that perform a
special task in computing system.

Types of storage devices
• Floppy diskette- is a random access,
removable data storage medium that can be
used with personal computers.

• Floppy diskette- The term usually refers to
the magnetic medium housed in a rigid
plastic cartridge measuring 3.5 inches
square and about 2millimeters thick.

• Floppy diskette- Also called a "3.5-inch
diskette," it can store up to 1.44 megabytes
(MB) of data.

• Compact disc (CD) – also called optical
disc is a nonmagnetic, polished metal disk
used to store digital information. The disc is
read by the CD- ROM.

• Digital Versatile Disc (DVD)- an optical
disc technology with a 4.7 gigabyte storage
capacity on a single-sided, one-layered
disk, which is enough for a 133-minute
movie.

• Jump drive and USB flash drive- is a
plug-and-play portable storage device that
uses flash memory and is lightweight
enough to attach to a key chain. A USB
drive can be used in place of a floppy disk,
Zip drive disk, or CD.

• Hard drive- is the main, and usually largest,
data storage device in a computer. The
operating system, software titles and most
other files are stored in the hard disk drive.

• LS-120- is a drive which supports a special
floppy diskette which can store up to 120MB
of information as well as being backwards
compatible and still supporting the standard
1.44MB floppy diskettes.

• Zip drive-is a small, portable disk drive
used primarily for backing up and archiving
personal computer files.

ACTIVITY

Direction: In the puzzle on the next slide, look for the 10 hidden
computer devices and determine whether it belongs to INPUT, OUTPUT
or STORAGE DEVICE.

QUIZ

1. It serves as the brain of computer.

2. Printed-circuit boards (also called
interface cards) that enable the computer
to use a peripheral device

3. Also called read/write memory

4. A small, portable disk drive used primarily
for backing up files

5. The main circuit board of a computer

6. Also called diskette

7. Acts as a pointing device

8. Device that makes sounds, clips and any
audio materials be heard.

9. Component that reads and record data in
CDs and DVDs.

10. It is a visual device that displays the
information

Watch Videos

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:
1. What are the different types of motherboard shown in the
video?
2. What are the different sizes of a motherboard?
3. What are the different types of CPU?

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:
4. Describe the different types of memory cited in the video.
5. What do you think is the most efficient monitor used in our
computers nowadays?
6. Give at least 5 input devices featured in the video
presentation.

END OF MODULE 3, LESSON 1: PLAN AND PREPARE FOR INSTALLATION

Ict 9 module 3, lesson 1.3 computer systems, devices, and peripherals

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