Semantic elements like <form>, <table>, and <img> clearly define their content, while non-semantic elements like <div> and <span> provide no information about meaning. The <nav> element is for major navigation blocks only, <article> is for independent compositions, and <section> represents database records. The <footer> contains information about the parent section like authors and copyright. Geolocation can obtain or watch a user's location. Canvas draws graphics via scripting while SVG uses XML for scalable vectors. Audio and video embed media with native playback and events, offering Flash as fallback. Storage interfaces include local and session storage and databases for persistent data, while the application cache provides local caching.