Hadoop Tutorial

Aug 7, 2009Download as ppt, pdf1 like3,317 views

This document provides an overview and instructions for using Hadoop including: - Hadoop uses HDFS for distributed storage and divides files into 64MB chunks across data servers. - The master node tracks the namespace and metadata while slave nodes store data blocks. - Commands like start-all.sh and stop-all.sh are used to start and stop Hadoop across nodes. - The hadoop dfs command is used to interact with files in HDFS using options like -ls, -put, -get. Configuration files allow customizing Hadoop.

Hands-On Hadoop Tutorial Chris Sosa Wolfgang Richter May 23, 2008

General Information Hadoop uses HDFS, a distributed file system based on GFS, as its shared filesystem HDFS architecture divides files into large chunks (~64MB) distributed across data servers HDFS has a global namespace

General Information (cont’d) Provided a script for your convenience Run source /localtmp/hadoop/setupVars from centurtion064 Changes all uses of {somePath}/command to just command Goto http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~cbs6n/hadoop for web access. These slides and more information are also available there. Once you use the DFS (put something in it), relative paths are from /usr/{your usr id}. E.G. if your id is tb28 … your “home dir” is /usr/tb28

Master Node Hadoop currently configured with centurion064 as the master node Master node Keeps track of namespace and metadata about items Keeps track of MapReduce jobs in the system

Slave Nodes Centurion064 also acts as a slave node Slave nodes Manage blocks of data sent from master node In terms of GFS, these are the chunkservers Currently centurion060 is also another slave node

Hadoop Paths Hadoop is locally “installed” on each machine Installed location is in /localtmp/hadoop/hadoop-0.15.3 Slave nodes store their data in /localtmp/hadoop/hadoop-dfs (this is automatically created by the DFS) /localtmp/hadoop is owned by group gbg (someone in this group must administer this or a cs admin) Files are divided into 64 MB chunks (this is configurable)

Starting / Stopping Hadoop For the purposes of this tutorial, we assume you have run the setupVars from earlier start-all.sh – starts all slave nodes and master node stop-all.sh – stops all slave nodes and master node

Using HDFS (1/2) hadoop dfs [-ls <path>] [-du <path>] [-cp <src> <dst>] [-rm <path>] [-put <localsrc> <dst>] [-copyFromLocal <localsrc> <dst>] [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> <dst>] [-get [-crc] <src> <localdst>] [-cat <src>] [-copyToLocal [-crc] <src> <localdst>] [-moveToLocal [-crc] <src> <localdst>] [-mkdir <path>] [-touchz <path>] [-test -[ezd] <path>] [-stat [format] <path>] [-help [cmd]]

Using HDFS (2/2) Want to reformat? Easy hadoop namenode –format Basically we see most commands look similar hadoop “some command” options If you just type hadoop you get all possible commands (including undocumented ones – hooray)

To Add Another Slave This adds another data node / job execution site to the pool Hadoop dynamically uses filesystem underneath it If more space is available on the HDD, HDFS will try to use it when it needs to Modify the slaves file In centurion064:/localtmp/hadoop/hadoop-0.15.3/conf Copy code installation dir to newMachine:/localtmp/hadoop/hadoop-0.15.3 (very small) Restart Hadoop

Configure Hadoop Can configure in {$installation dir}/conf hadoop-default.xml for global hadoop-site.xml for site specific (overrides global)

Hadoop is an open-source framework for distributed storage and processing of large datasets across clusters of commodity hardware. It uses a programming model called MapReduce where developers write mapping and reducing functions that are automatically parallelized and executed on a large cluster. Hadoop also includes HDFS, a distributed file system that stores data across nodes providing high bandwidth. Major companies like Yahoo, Google and IBM use Hadoop to process large amounts of data from users and applications.

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Hadoop has a master/slave architecture. The master node runs the NameNode, JobTracker, and optionally SecondaryNameNode. The NameNode stores metadata about data locations. DataNodes on slave nodes store the actual data blocks. The JobTracker schedules jobs, assigning tasks to TaskTrackers on slaves which perform the work. The SecondaryNameNode assists the NameNode in the event of failures. MapReduce jobs split files into blocks, map tasks process the blocks in parallel on slaves, and reduce tasks consolidate the results.

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Hadoop is a distributed processing framework for large datasets. It stores data across clusters of commodity hardware in a Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and provides tools for distributed processing using MapReduce. HDFS uses a master-slave architecture with a namenode managing metadata and datanodes storing data blocks. Data is replicated across nodes for reliability. MapReduce allows distributed processing of large datasets in parallel across clusters.

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Hadoop Tutorial

1. Hands-On Hadoop Tutorial Chris Sosa Wolfgang Richter May 23, 2008

2. General Information Hadoop uses HDFS, a distributed file system based on GFS, as its shared filesystem HDFS architecture divides files into large chunks (~64MB) distributed across data servers HDFS has a global namespace

3. General Information (cont’d) Provided a script for your convenience Run source /localtmp/hadoop/setupVars from centurtion064 Changes all uses of {somePath}/command to just command Goto http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~cbs6n/hadoop for web access. These slides and more information are also available there. Once you use the DFS (put something in it), relative paths are from /usr/{your usr id}. E.G. if your id is tb28 … your “home dir” is /usr/tb28

4. Master Node Hadoop currently configured with centurion064 as the master node Master node Keeps track of namespace and metadata about items Keeps track of MapReduce jobs in the system

5. Slave Nodes Centurion064 also acts as a slave node Slave nodes Manage blocks of data sent from master node In terms of GFS, these are the chunkservers Currently centurion060 is also another slave node

6. Hadoop Paths Hadoop is locally “installed” on each machine Installed location is in /localtmp/hadoop/hadoop-0.15.3 Slave nodes store their data in /localtmp/hadoop/hadoop-dfs (this is automatically created by the DFS) /localtmp/hadoop is owned by group gbg (someone in this group must administer this or a cs admin) Files are divided into 64 MB chunks (this is configurable)

7. Starting / Stopping Hadoop For the purposes of this tutorial, we assume you have run the setupVars from earlier start-all.sh – starts all slave nodes and master node stop-all.sh – stops all slave nodes and master node

8. Using HDFS (1/2) hadoop dfs [-ls <path>] [-du <path>] [-cp <src> <dst>] [-rm <path>] [-put <localsrc> <dst>] [-copyFromLocal <localsrc> <dst>] [-moveFromLocal <localsrc> <dst>] [-get [-crc] <src> <localdst>] [-cat <src>] [-copyToLocal [-crc] <src> <localdst>] [-moveToLocal [-crc] <src> <localdst>] [-mkdir <path>] [-touchz <path>] [-test -[ezd] <path>] [-stat [format] <path>] [-help [cmd]]

9. Using HDFS (2/2) Want to reformat? Easy hadoop namenode –format Basically we see most commands look similar hadoop “some command” options If you just type hadoop you get all possible commands (including undocumented ones – hooray)

10. To Add Another Slave This adds another data node / job execution site to the pool Hadoop dynamically uses filesystem underneath it If more space is available on the HDD, HDFS will try to use it when it needs to Modify the slaves file In centurion064:/localtmp/hadoop/hadoop-0.15.3/conf Copy code installation dir to newMachine:/localtmp/hadoop/hadoop-0.15.3 (very small) Restart Hadoop

11. Configure Hadoop Can configure in {$installation dir}/conf hadoop-default.xml for global hadoop-site.xml for site specific (overrides global)

12. That’s it for Configuration!

13. Real-time Access

Hadoop Tutorial

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Hadoop Tutorial