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Tutorial DasarArsitekturJaringan GSM/UMTS ejlp12@gmail.com, 30 July 2009
1GGenerasipertama (1G) merupakansistemseluler analog.Jaringankomersialmulai 1998Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) di Scandinavia danbeberapanegaradiEropaAdvanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) di US, Australia, AsiaTotal Access Communications System (TACS) di UK danbeberapanegaradiEropa
2GSistem wireless digitalKapasitas, utilitasspektrum, kualitassuarameningkat . KonsumsidayamenurunStandarisasi core networkMulaidikembanganlayanan data
2G4 standarutama yang banyakdipakaiadalah:Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications danturunanannya.  GSM sepertijuga AMPS, menggunakanteknologi TDMA  Digital AMPS (disebutjuga D-AMPS, US-TDMA, IS-136, atau TDMA)Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 2000 1x atau IS-95Jaringan IS-95 dikenaljugadengannamaCdmaOnedikembangkanoleh QualcommPersonal Digital Cellular (PDC) atau PHSPertama kali bernamaJapanesse Digital Celullar (JDC) yang merupakanstandar 2G diJepang
GSMPadadasarnya GSM menggunakan band 900 MHz, tetapibeberapaturunan GSM menggunakan band 1800 dan 1900, yaitu: Digital Cellular/Communication(?) System 1800 (DCS-1800 atau GSM-1800) Personal Communication System-1900 (PCS-1900 atau GSM-1900) European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) jugamembuatspesifikasiuntuk GSM-400 dan GSM-800
Digital cordless systemsSystem initidakmemilikikomponenjaringan (network component), biasanyahanyaterdiridarisebuah base station dansejumlah handset.Lingkupareanya pun terbatasbiasanyahanyasatu area gedung.CT2, Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT),Personal Handyphone System (PHS).
2.5GGSMPeningkatan data rate per user (25kbps)Layanan Data (GPRS) denganpenambahan packet-switched core networkCDMA IS-95B (64kbps)
2.75G/GSMEDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) or EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS)Perbaikanpadajaringanakses radio GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network) Perbaikanmodulasi 8-Phase Shift Keying (8PSK)kecepatanlebihtinggi 126-473,8 kbpskapasistastransmisi data lebihtinggiKualitas audio streaming, video steraming, on line gaming. high speed download, hiqh speed network connection, push to talk, dll
3GVisiUniversal global roamingMendukungkomunikasi multimedia (voice, data & video)Peningkatan data rates384 kbps saatbergerak2 Mbps saat ‘diam’Increased capacity (more spectrally efficient)IP architecture
3G Standard (IMT-2000)IMT-SC*  Single Carrier (UWC-136):  EDGEGSM evolution (TDMA);  200 KHz channels; sometimes called “2.75G”IMT-MC*  Multi Carrier CDMA:  CDMA2000Evolution of IS-95 CDMA, i.e. cdmaOneIMT-DS*  Direct Spread CDMA:  W-CDMANew from 3GPP; UTRAN FDDIMT-TC**  Time Code CDMANew from 3GPP;  UTRAN TDDNew from China;  TD-SCDMAIMT-FT**  FDMA/TDMA (DECT legacy)
3G/UMTSUniversal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) distandarisaioleh 3GPPTeknologi W-CDMA (Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access)Peningkatankecepatanaksessampai 384 kbps danterus1920- 1980 Mhzuntuk down link,  2120-2180 Mhzuntuk up linkUsing Wideband-AMR (Adaptive Multi-rate) for voice codec makes quality enchancement
3G/CDMA 2000 Distandarisasioleh 3GPP2CDMA2000 1x (IS-2000 and IS-856)menggunakan 1.25 MHz, data rates sampai 144 kbps (1X RTT)
CDMA Evolution
3.5GUMTS/HSDPA3GPP Release 5CDMA 1xEV-DO Revision B atau CDMA2000 3x
3.75GUMTS/HSUPA/HSPA3GPP Release 6CDMA 2000 1X EV-DV (Evolution of Data Voice) atau CDMA Release C & D (EV-DV)Tahun 2005 Qualcomm menghentikanpemengembangan EV-DV.
GSM, UMTS, IMS and beyond
GSM Architecture – Phase 1
GSM Sub-SystemArsitektur GSM terdiridari 3 Sub-System yaitu: Mobile Station (MS) atauteleponselularME (IMEI) + SIM (IMSI) Base Station Sub-System (BSS) mengontrolhubungan radio (radio link) dengan MS Network Sub-System (NS) atau Network Switching Sub System (NSS) Operation Sub-System (OSS)
BTStranceiver yang mendefinisikansebuahsel (cell) menanganihubungan radio link dengan MS (pemrosesansinyal, transimisinyal, encoding dan decoding suara)berkomunikasidengan BSC menggunakanAter interface
BSCmengatur radio resource yang ditanganiolehsatu BTS ataulebih (RRM)menangani radio-channel setup, frequency hopping, handover antar BSC
MSCperangkatdasar switching (call handling)mengelola logical radio-link channel yang dibutuhkansaat call terjadimengelola signaling protocol antara MSC-BSSmengatur inter-BSS atau inter-MSC handoversmengumpulkan data untuk chargingsebuah MSC biasanyamenaganibanyak BSC
AuCMenyimpan parameter-parameter untukotentikasipelangganketikamenggunakanjaringan GSM, yaitu:Authentication Keys (Ki), Algoritma A3 Algoritma A8Menghasilkan 3 parameter otentikasiSigned Response (SRES), RAND, CipherKey (Kc) Parameter otentikasitersebutkemudiandisimpannyadi VLRRAND = 128-bit random yang di-generate olehAuCSRES = 32-bit one-way hash dari RAND danKi yang dikalkulasidenganAlgoritma A3Kc = 64-bit dari RAND danKi yang dikalkulasidenganAlgoritma A8
HLRMenyimpan data pelanggan, secarapermanendiantaranyaIMSI, MSISDNsupplementary service yang digunakanpembatasanlayanan (service restrictions)informasitentanglayananteleservicesdan bearer lokasiterkinidari MS untuk call routingBeberapa data diupdatesecaraberkalamisalnyalokasi subscriber (VLR, Cell ID)
VLRVLR menyimpansementaradaridata pelangganlokalataupelanggan roaming (MSISDN, TMSI)location area dimana MS teregistercopy data dari subscriber dari HLRdata yang digunakanuntukproses encryption Men-generate MSRN
GSM Architecture – Phase 2/2+
Pembagian domainSC DomainPS Domain
SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node)Penyimpansementara data subscriber (seperti VLR)Mobility management (attach/detach, location update)Otentifikasi, enkripsiLogical link management, TunnelingRouting packet (downlink)Charging/Billing
GGSNPenghubungke external PS networks (internet ataujaringan X.25)GTP Tunneling (menambahkanataumenghilangkan GTP dan layer protokoldibawahnya)
Additional ElementsDNS ServersWAP GatewayBoarder GatewaySMSCMMSCRBT Server
UMTS Release 99Difinalisasipadatahun 2000GSM RAN (Radio Access Network) digantikan UTRAN (UMTS Radio Access Network), yaituMenggunakan WCDMA sebagai air interface, tapijugamendukung GSM/EDGE/GPRS radio-access network.Pita frekuensi (bandwidth) yang lebihlebarMacrodiversity, soft handoverUL/DL konfigurasi RAB yang lebihfleksibelDedicated and shared resource usageHandovers dari/ke GSM
UMTS Release 4Hampirtidakadaperubahanpada FDDDiperkenalkan Low ChipRate TDDMendukung MMSPemisahanantara user-plane (Transport) dan control-plane pada domain CS. Pemisahantersebutdilakukandenganmemperkenalkanarsitektur Mobile Switching Server yaitumenggunakan MGW (Media Gateway) sebagaielemen yang mengatur user-plane dan MSS (Mobile Switching Server) sebagaielemen yang pengotrol MGW.Domain CS dapatberbasis IP (tidaklagiharus TDM/ATM)
UMTS R4 Architecture
UMTS Release 5 HSDPA menggunakan  Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ),   link adaptation, ordemodulasi yang lebihtinggiuntukmeningkatkanefisiensispektralyaitumenggunakan 16QAM  Hybrid ARQ  Turbo Codes Core network mengalamiperubahanyaituadanyaarsitektur IMS (IP Multimedia Solution) denganmemperkenalkanjaringan yang berbasis IP danelemen-elemenfungsionalbaru yang mendukung VoIP (Voice overIP) yang menggunakanprotokol SIP (Session Initiation Protocol). IP UTRAN (Layer 2 antara RNC dan GGSN tidakharusberbasis ATM)
UMTS R5/IMS Architecture
UMTS Release 6HSUPA denganmenggunakan Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH) Multicast and broadcast service menggunakan Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS)Extended location based services (LBS), with built in anonymizationPS streaming service with adaptation to available network resources (GERAN/GPRS, UTMS, WLAN)DRMCharging Management Framework (for extended payment system)
UMTS Release 7Disebutjuga HSPA+ atau HSPA EvolvedOrdemodulasi yang lebihtinggi (HOMs) Multi-antenna techniques (MIMO)Arsitektur RAN: "one tunnels solution" (OTS), mulaimenuju Flat ArchitectureOptimasipada VoIP lewat HSPA
4GIMT-Advanced
UMTS Release 8 danselanjutnyaLTELTE-Advanced
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GSM/UMTS network architecture tutorial (Indonesia)

  • 1. Tutorial DasarArsitekturJaringan GSM/UMTS ejlp12@gmail.com, 30 July 2009
  • 2. 1GGenerasipertama (1G) merupakansistemseluler analog.Jaringankomersialmulai 1998Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) di Scandinavia danbeberapanegaradiEropaAdvanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) di US, Australia, AsiaTotal Access Communications System (TACS) di UK danbeberapanegaradiEropa
  • 3. 2GSistem wireless digitalKapasitas, utilitasspektrum, kualitassuarameningkat . KonsumsidayamenurunStandarisasi core networkMulaidikembanganlayanan data
  • 4. 2G4 standarutama yang banyakdipakaiadalah:Global System for Mobile (GSM) communications danturunanannya. GSM sepertijuga AMPS, menggunakanteknologi TDMA Digital AMPS (disebutjuga D-AMPS, US-TDMA, IS-136, atau TDMA)Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA) 2000 1x atau IS-95Jaringan IS-95 dikenaljugadengannamaCdmaOnedikembangkanoleh QualcommPersonal Digital Cellular (PDC) atau PHSPertama kali bernamaJapanesse Digital Celullar (JDC) yang merupakanstandar 2G diJepang
  • 5. GSMPadadasarnya GSM menggunakan band 900 MHz, tetapibeberapaturunan GSM menggunakan band 1800 dan 1900, yaitu: Digital Cellular/Communication(?) System 1800 (DCS-1800 atau GSM-1800) Personal Communication System-1900 (PCS-1900 atau GSM-1900) European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) jugamembuatspesifikasiuntuk GSM-400 dan GSM-800
  • 6. Digital cordless systemsSystem initidakmemilikikomponenjaringan (network component), biasanyahanyaterdiridarisebuah base station dansejumlah handset.Lingkupareanya pun terbatasbiasanyahanyasatu area gedung.CT2, Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT),Personal Handyphone System (PHS).
  • 7. 2.5GGSMPeningkatan data rate per user (25kbps)Layanan Data (GPRS) denganpenambahan packet-switched core networkCDMA IS-95B (64kbps)
  • 8. 2.75G/GSMEDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) or EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS)Perbaikanpadajaringanakses radio GERAN (GSM EDGE Radio Access Network) Perbaikanmodulasi 8-Phase Shift Keying (8PSK)kecepatanlebihtinggi 126-473,8 kbpskapasistastransmisi data lebihtinggiKualitas audio streaming, video steraming, on line gaming. high speed download, hiqh speed network connection, push to talk, dll
  • 9. 3GVisiUniversal global roamingMendukungkomunikasi multimedia (voice, data & video)Peningkatan data rates384 kbps saatbergerak2 Mbps saat ‘diam’Increased capacity (more spectrally efficient)IP architecture
  • 10. 3G Standard (IMT-2000)IMT-SC* Single Carrier (UWC-136): EDGEGSM evolution (TDMA); 200 KHz channels; sometimes called “2.75G”IMT-MC* Multi Carrier CDMA: CDMA2000Evolution of IS-95 CDMA, i.e. cdmaOneIMT-DS* Direct Spread CDMA: W-CDMANew from 3GPP; UTRAN FDDIMT-TC** Time Code CDMANew from 3GPP; UTRAN TDDNew from China; TD-SCDMAIMT-FT** FDMA/TDMA (DECT legacy)
  • 11. 3G/UMTSUniversal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) distandarisaioleh 3GPPTeknologi W-CDMA (Wideband Code-Division Multiple Access)Peningkatankecepatanaksessampai 384 kbps danterus1920- 1980 Mhzuntuk down link, 2120-2180 Mhzuntuk up linkUsing Wideband-AMR (Adaptive Multi-rate) for voice codec makes quality enchancement
  • 12. 3G/CDMA 2000 Distandarisasioleh 3GPP2CDMA2000 1x (IS-2000 and IS-856)menggunakan 1.25 MHz, data rates sampai 144 kbps (1X RTT)
  • 14. 3.5GUMTS/HSDPA3GPP Release 5CDMA 1xEV-DO Revision B atau CDMA2000 3x
  • 15. 3.75GUMTS/HSUPA/HSPA3GPP Release 6CDMA 2000 1X EV-DV (Evolution of Data Voice) atau CDMA Release C & D (EV-DV)Tahun 2005 Qualcomm menghentikanpemengembangan EV-DV.
  • 16. GSM, UMTS, IMS and beyond
  • 18. GSM Sub-SystemArsitektur GSM terdiridari 3 Sub-System yaitu: Mobile Station (MS) atauteleponselularME (IMEI) + SIM (IMSI) Base Station Sub-System (BSS) mengontrolhubungan radio (radio link) dengan MS Network Sub-System (NS) atau Network Switching Sub System (NSS) Operation Sub-System (OSS)
  • 19. BTStranceiver yang mendefinisikansebuahsel (cell) menanganihubungan radio link dengan MS (pemrosesansinyal, transimisinyal, encoding dan decoding suara)berkomunikasidengan BSC menggunakanAter interface
  • 20. BSCmengatur radio resource yang ditanganiolehsatu BTS ataulebih (RRM)menangani radio-channel setup, frequency hopping, handover antar BSC
  • 21. MSCperangkatdasar switching (call handling)mengelola logical radio-link channel yang dibutuhkansaat call terjadimengelola signaling protocol antara MSC-BSSmengatur inter-BSS atau inter-MSC handoversmengumpulkan data untuk chargingsebuah MSC biasanyamenaganibanyak BSC
  • 22. AuCMenyimpan parameter-parameter untukotentikasipelangganketikamenggunakanjaringan GSM, yaitu:Authentication Keys (Ki), Algoritma A3 Algoritma A8Menghasilkan 3 parameter otentikasiSigned Response (SRES), RAND, CipherKey (Kc) Parameter otentikasitersebutkemudiandisimpannyadi VLRRAND = 128-bit random yang di-generate olehAuCSRES = 32-bit one-way hash dari RAND danKi yang dikalkulasidenganAlgoritma A3Kc = 64-bit dari RAND danKi yang dikalkulasidenganAlgoritma A8
  • 23. HLRMenyimpan data pelanggan, secarapermanendiantaranyaIMSI, MSISDNsupplementary service yang digunakanpembatasanlayanan (service restrictions)informasitentanglayananteleservicesdan bearer lokasiterkinidari MS untuk call routingBeberapa data diupdatesecaraberkalamisalnyalokasi subscriber (VLR, Cell ID)
  • 24. VLRVLR menyimpansementaradaridata pelangganlokalataupelanggan roaming (MSISDN, TMSI)location area dimana MS teregistercopy data dari subscriber dari HLRdata yang digunakanuntukproses encryption Men-generate MSRN
  • 25. GSM Architecture – Phase 2/2+
  • 27. SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node)Penyimpansementara data subscriber (seperti VLR)Mobility management (attach/detach, location update)Otentifikasi, enkripsiLogical link management, TunnelingRouting packet (downlink)Charging/Billing
  • 28. GGSNPenghubungke external PS networks (internet ataujaringan X.25)GTP Tunneling (menambahkanataumenghilangkan GTP dan layer protokoldibawahnya)
  • 29. Additional ElementsDNS ServersWAP GatewayBoarder GatewaySMSCMMSCRBT Server
  • 30. UMTS Release 99Difinalisasipadatahun 2000GSM RAN (Radio Access Network) digantikan UTRAN (UMTS Radio Access Network), yaituMenggunakan WCDMA sebagai air interface, tapijugamendukung GSM/EDGE/GPRS radio-access network.Pita frekuensi (bandwidth) yang lebihlebarMacrodiversity, soft handoverUL/DL konfigurasi RAB yang lebihfleksibelDedicated and shared resource usageHandovers dari/ke GSM
  • 31. UMTS Release 4Hampirtidakadaperubahanpada FDDDiperkenalkan Low ChipRate TDDMendukung MMSPemisahanantara user-plane (Transport) dan control-plane pada domain CS. Pemisahantersebutdilakukandenganmemperkenalkanarsitektur Mobile Switching Server yaitumenggunakan MGW (Media Gateway) sebagaielemen yang mengatur user-plane dan MSS (Mobile Switching Server) sebagaielemen yang pengotrol MGW.Domain CS dapatberbasis IP (tidaklagiharus TDM/ATM)
  • 33. UMTS Release 5 HSDPA menggunakan Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), link adaptation, ordemodulasi yang lebihtinggiuntukmeningkatkanefisiensispektralyaitumenggunakan 16QAM Hybrid ARQ Turbo Codes Core network mengalamiperubahanyaituadanyaarsitektur IMS (IP Multimedia Solution) denganmemperkenalkanjaringan yang berbasis IP danelemen-elemenfungsionalbaru yang mendukung VoIP (Voice overIP) yang menggunakanprotokol SIP (Session Initiation Protocol). IP UTRAN (Layer 2 antara RNC dan GGSN tidakharusberbasis ATM)
  • 35. UMTS Release 6HSUPA denganmenggunakan Enhanced Dedicated Channel (E-DCH) Multicast and broadcast service menggunakan Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS)Extended location based services (LBS), with built in anonymizationPS streaming service with adaptation to available network resources (GERAN/GPRS, UTMS, WLAN)DRMCharging Management Framework (for extended payment system)
  • 36. UMTS Release 7Disebutjuga HSPA+ atau HSPA EvolvedOrdemodulasi yang lebihtinggi (HOMs) Multi-antenna techniques (MIMO)Arsitektur RAN: "one tunnels solution" (OTS), mulaimenuju Flat ArchitectureOptimasipada VoIP lewat HSPA
  • 38. UMTS Release 8 danselanjutnyaLTELTE-Advanced
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