The document discusses GridFS, a specification for storing and retrieving files that are larger than the BSON-document size limit of 16MB in MongoDB. It describes how GridFS stores file data as fragments in collections and uses a separate collection to store metadata like filename, content type, and hash. This allows files to be retrieved or streamed similarly to a standard file system while taking advantage of MongoDB's features like sharding and replication. Benefits of GridFS over traditional storage methods include network access, scalability, reliability, and storing metadata that enables additional reporting and analytics capabilities.