Git tutorial
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This document provides a summary of common Git commands for setting up and working with repositories, saving changes, inspecting history, undoing changes, rewriting history, syncing with remote repositories, branching, and merging. It discusses initializing and cloning repositories, adding and committing changes, viewing logs and checking out commits, reverting and resetting changes, amending commits and rebasing, fetching and pushing to remote repositories, branching, and merging branches. It also cautions against amending shared commits or force pushing to avoid overwriting others' work.
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Git tutorial
- 1. Git Quick Tutorial Pikicast R&D Jack Pham
- 2. Git Commands Setting up a repository init, clone, config Saving changes add, commit Inspecting a repository status, log Navigate through commit and branch checkout Undo changes checkout, revert, reset, clean Rewriting history commit —ammend, rebase (rebase -i), reflog Syncing remote, fetch, pull, push Branching branch, checkout, merge * Need to use with caution, should never be done on public(share) target
- 3. Setup a repository and start working init clone
- 4. git vs svn
- 5. Git init git init git init --bare git clone
- 8. Working Directory Stage Area File status git add git add git commit git rm Tracked
- 9. Common Git Routine (Local) - Edit-Stage-Commit $vim hello.js # Edit $ git add hello.js $ git commit # Edit commit message - Edit-Stage-Commit-Amend # Edit hello.js $ git add hello.js $ git commit --amend # Edit commit message ** Don’t amend commit that you already push to public repository
- 11. View log $ git log $ git log -n <limit> $ git log --oneline $ git log --stat $ git log -p $ git log --author=“<patterns>” $ git log <file> $ git log --graph --decorate --oneline $ git log --grep=“<patterns>”
- 12. git checkout branch git checkout master git checkout feature
- 13. git checkout commit git checkout master git checkout 81abc12 ** Don’t commit your work on a detach head
- 14. Checkout options git checkout <branch> git checkout <commit> git checkout <commit> <file> Example: git checkout master git checkout a12ebd3 git checkout a12ebd3 hello.js
- 16. git checkout to undo git checkout a1e8fb5 # modify files git add <file> git commit
- 17. git revert <commit> git revert abcd12ef Before revert After revert abcd12ef - The git revert command undoes a committed snapshot. - Undo the changes introduced by the commit - Appends a new commit with the resulting content. - git revert doesn't alter history
- 18. git reset abcd12ef abcd12ef Before reset After reset - Variation: - git reset <file> : remove from staging area - git reset : reset branch to most recent commit (soft) - git reset ——hard - git reset <commit> - git reset ——hard <commit> - git revert is “safe” way to undo - git reset “dangerous” to undo ** Don’t reset if you’ve already pushed to shared repository
- 19. revert vs reset - Don’t alter history - Safe way to undo but generate more commit - For undo shared/public commits - Alter history - unsafe way to undo shared/public commits - Cleaner history - For undo private (non-public) commits
- 21. git commit --amend - Modify last commit - Replace last commit entirely - Use to fix last commit (which hasn't pushed to share repo) - Variation - git commit --amend - git commit --amend --no-edit ** Don’t amend commit that you already push to public repository
- 22. git rebase <base> - Rebasing is the process of moving a branch to a new base commit. - Maintain linear history git rebase git merge
- 23. git reflog - What to do if you accidentally - git reset --hard - Reflog contain log of activity you perform
- 25. git remote git remote git remote -v git remote add <name> <url> git remote rm <name> git remote rename <oldname> <new-name>
- 26. git fetch - Download commits from remote but not merge to local - Give you opportunity to review - Merge or rebase after review git fetch <remote> git fetch <remote> <branch>
- 27. git pull git fetch git merge git pull = git fetch + git merge git pull --rebase = git fetch + git rebase - Download commits from remote and merge (or rebase) to local branch
- 28. git push transfer commits from your local repository to a remote repo. git push <remote> git push <remote> —force git push <remote> -all git push <remote> --tags ** Do not use the --force flag unless you’re absolutely sure you know what you’re doing.
- 29. git branch Represented by a pointer (branch tip) git branch git branch <branch> git branch -d <branch> git branch -D <branch> git branch -m <branch>
- 30. git merge Putting forked history back together git branch -m <branch> git branch --no-ff <branch> fast-forward (git does this whenever possible) non-fast-forward (3-ways merge) (probably after rebase)
- 31. Cleaner history - Private branch: rebase & fast-forward merge - Share: 3-way merge - Atomic commit and meaningful message - Good naming convention
- 32. Staying out of troubles - Don’t amend commit that you already shared repository - Don’t commit your work on a detached head - Don’t reset if you’ve already pushed to shared repository - Don’t use the ‘push --force’ flag unless you’re absolutely sure you know what you’re doing.
Editor's Notes
- #3: Everyday git commands, should be familiar with these commands. This part will take you through a quick tour. For those who have use git: a reminder For those who new: a intro section, show what git is capable of
- #5: Git is distributed, all the repos are equal, there is not special repo is set by git, git treat all repo the same Assign a role to git repo by conventions: we define the roles for those repos, and treat them as such. Collaboration via sync between repos.
- #6: You can create git repo any where, but usually create one and clone Bare is repo without working copy (share, public repo) Dev’s repo is non-bare Dev don’t need create new repo, use clone
- #8: Working directory is the dir where your files are in Staging area is the ‘virtual area’ contains the file (modified, changed) which you want to put in a commit .git is a folder contain history of your repo & repository-only settings
- #18: The git revert command undoes a committed snapshot. it figures out how to undo the changes introduced by the commit and appends a new commit with the resulting content.