Elements of computer and brief introduction

Presented by:
Sri usha keerthi

DEFINITION OF
COMPUTER
Computer is a electronic machine Or device that performs Process ,
Calculations and Operations Based on instructions provided by the
Software Or hardware program.
It has ability to accept Input , process it and then produce output.
Computer is a versatile calculating Device which can handle Different
tasks at same time .

ELEMENTS OF COMPUTER:
A computer Device is Made up Various elements Which helps in its
Effective functioning and processing.
The four Basic Components Of computer which helps In making
processing Of data easier and convenient.
They are:
1. HARDWARE
2. SOFTWARE
3. PEOPLE
4. PROCUDURES
5. DATA

HARDWARE COMPONENTS:
Hardware is collection of physical components One can say that
which
are tangible components which can touch and see are hardware.
They are the delivery systems that Store and Run the written
Instructions Provided by the software. Hardware is divided into 3
types:
1. Processing unit
2. Storage
3.peripheral devices.

CPU is considered as the brain of the computer, its performs all types
of Processing operations, its stores data, intermediate results,
instructions. CPU main functions are fetch, Execute, store, Decode.
Fetch: CPU first fetch the instructions , that means binary numbers
that
are passed from RAM to CPU.
DECODE: when the instruction is entered into CPU, with the helps of
ALU the process of decode begins.
EXCUTE: After decode step the instructions are ready to excute.
STORE: After execute step instructions are ready to store in
memory.

Elements of computer and brief introduction

CONTROL UNIT: It is responsible for controlling the transfer of data and instructions
among other units of a computer. It manages and co-ordinates all units of a computer.
It obtains the instruction from the memory interprets them, and directs the operation of
Computer.
ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL UNIT: Function of arithmetic section is to perform
arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division. All complex
operations are done by making repetitive use of the above operations.
MEMORY UNIT : This unit can store instructions ,data and intermediate results. This
Units supplies information to other units of computer when needed. It is also known as
internal storage unit, it size affects speed, power, capability. Primary , Secondary are
the two types of memories in computer .It is used to store data and the instructions
required for processing.

 GPU were originally designed to accelerate the rendering of 3 D graphics,
overtime, they became more flexible and programming, enhancing their
Capabilities. This allowed graphics programmers to create more interesting
Visual effects and realistic scenes with advanced lighting.
CPU VS GPU:
Cpu is not suitable for parallel instruction
Processing while GPU is suitable for the
Parallel instruction processing.

Ram is volatile memory, which means that the information
temporarily stored in the module is erased when restart or shut
down your computer Because the information is stored
electronically on transistors, when there is no electric current
data disappears. Each time you request a file or information, it is
Retrieved either from the computer storage disk or internet.

Read only memory, which means the information is
permanently
stored on the chip. The memory doesnot depend on a electric
current to save data instead , data is written to individual cells
using binary Code. Non volatile memory is used for parts of the
computer that doesnot change, turning off the computer
doesnot
have any effect on the Rom. Non volatile memory cannot be
changed by users.

INPUT DEVICES: A piece of equipment/hardware which helps us enter data
into a computer is called an input device.
Ex: keyboard, mouse etc.
OUTPUT DEVICES: A Piece of equipment / hardware which gives out the result
Of the entered input, once it is processed i.e, converts data from machine to
language to human understandable language is called an output device.
EX: Printer ,monitor etc.

Software is set of instructions ,data or programs used to
operate computers and execute specific tasks. It is the opposite
of hardware Which describe physical aspects if computer.
Software is a generic term used to refer to applications, programs
that run on a device.
The two main categories of software are
1.Application software: It will fulfills the specific task.
2. System software: It describe to run a computers hardware
and Provides a platform for applications to run.

The people interacting with the computer system are also an element of it .
We call this element that liveware. They are the ultimate users of the computer
Systems .They are three types of people that interact with the system
programmes: professional who write the computer programs that allow users to
Interact with the computer.
System analyst: They mainly design data processing systems, and solve
problems that arise in data processing.
End users: Also as operators they are the people who interact with the computer
systems.

These are a set of instructions, written in code to instruct a computer
on how to perform a task, run a software, do calculations etc.
There are 3 types of procedures in a computer they are :
Hardware oriented procedures: Instructs the hardware components
Of the system, ensures they work smoothly.
Software Oriented procedures: provides instructions to launch and
run software programs.
Internal procedures: Directs the flow of information and sequences
the data.

Data is essentially the raw facts and figures that we input in
computer.
The data gets processed via the computer system and becomes
Information, which is processed and organized data. Information
Can then the used for decision making purposes.

Elements of computer and brief introduction

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Elements of computer and brief introduction (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Elements of computer and brief introduction