Computer Hardware: Parts & Functions

Jul 17, 2016Download as pptx, pdf106 likes158,592 views

This document provides an overview of the key internal and external components of a computer hardware system. It describes the external components including the mouse, monitor, keyboard, automatic voltage regulator, and system unit. It then details the internal components such as the power supply unit, hard disk drive, optical disc drive, RAM, CPU, CPU fan/heatsink, system fan, and motherboard. The motherboard section explains its main parts including expansion slots, RAM slots, chipsets, BIOS, CMOS, battery, front/back panel ports, CPU socket, and power connectors.

COMPUTER
HARDWARE
PARTS & FUNCTIONS
BY: RAY LAURENZT. MONTEROLA

Mouse
The mouse is a pointing
device that sends control
signals into the computer.
It is used to move the
cursor (usually arrow icon)
on the screen and to
perform click actions.
Back

Monitor
It is used to display data
in visual form (which can
only be seen).The images
it display are where the
user gets information.
Back

Keyboard
This contains set of keys
that are used to input
characters (letters,
numbers) and control
signals into the computer.
Back

AutomaticVoltage Regulator
It protects the computer
from changes in the
electricity that may
damage the computer
components. It regulates
the voltage that goes to
the computer.
Back

System Unit
It serves as a container of
the computer’s internal
parts (motherboard, CPU,
etc.)
Back

Power Supply Unit
It converts the main
alternating current into
low-voltage direct current
that is supplied to other
parts.
A power supply unit has
its own fan.

Hard Disk Drive
It is the main storage
device of the computer. It
is where most of the files
of the computer (such as
the ones found in
Desktop) are stored.

Optical Disc Drive
It reads or writes data into
optical discs (CD, DVD,
Blu-ray Disc).

Random Access Memory Module
It is the temporary
storage device of the
computer. It is used to
hold the data that the
computer is working on.
The black rectangles are
called RAM chips.

Central Processing Unit
This is referred to as the
computer’s brain as it
does the processing job of
the computer.This means
that it is responsible for
manipulating the data.

CPU Fan and Heatsink
These two components
work together in keeping
the CPU from
overheating.The metal is
called the heatsink as it
conducts heat from the
CPU while the CPU fan
blows the air to the
heatsink.
See next slide to know the
airflow

System Fan
This is found at the left
side panel and the back
panel of the system unit.
It directs the flow of air in
the system unit.

Motherboard
It is the main circuit board
of the computer that
connects all other parts.

Expansion Slots
These are where the
expansion cards such as
modem card and graphics
card are installed.These
are different types of
slots.

RAM Slots
These are where the RAM
modules are installed.

Northbridge
Located between theCPU
socket, Expansion slots,
and RAM slots.
It coordinates the flow of
data between theCPU,
graphics card, and RAM

Southbridge
Located below the
expansion slots, the
Southbridge handles all of
the computer’s
input/output functions.

BIOS Chip
It stands for Basic
Input/Output System.
It contains the program
that checks devices to
know if the computer is
ready to startup.

CMOS RAM
It is the one that holds
data used by the BIOS or
Operating System.These
data includes time, date,
BIOS password.

CMOS Battery
It provides the power
used by the CMOS RAM
so that even when the
computer is off, the
CMOS RAM can still keep
data (this means time and
date will not be reset).

Back Panel Ports
Located at the back of the
motherboard.This is
where most of the
computer peripherals are
connected.These
peripherals include the
keyboard, mouse, and
printer.

Front Panel Headers
It is mostly located at the
left and front side of the
motherboard. Most
computers have three
front panel headers:
system panel headers,
audio headers, USB
headers.

CPU Socket
It is where the CPU is
installed.

20+4 Pin ATX Main Power Connector
It is where the 20+4 Pin
ATX Main Power
Connector of the PSU is
connected.

4 Pin ATX 12V Power Connector
It is where the 4 Pin ATX
12V Power Connector of
the PSU is connected.

CPU Fan Header
It is where the CPU fan is
connected to get its
power.

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Computer Hardware: Parts & Functions

1. COMPUTER HARDWARE PARTS & FUNCTIONS BY: RAY LAURENZT. MONTEROLA

2. External Components

3. Mouse The mouse is a pointing device that sends control signals into the computer. It is used to move the cursor (usually arrow icon) on the screen and to perform click actions. Back

4. Monitor It is used to display data in visual form (which can only be seen).The images it display are where the user gets information. Back

5. Keyboard This contains set of keys that are used to input characters (letters, numbers) and control signals into the computer. Back

6. AutomaticVoltage Regulator It protects the computer from changes in the electricity that may damage the computer components. It regulates the voltage that goes to the computer. Back

7. System Unit It serves as a container of the computer’s internal parts (motherboard, CPU, etc.) Back

8. THE INTERNAL COMPONENTS

9. Internal Components

10. Power Supply Unit It converts the main alternating current into low-voltage direct current that is supplied to other parts. A power supply unit has its own fan.

11. Hard Disk Drive It is the main storage device of the computer. It is where most of the files of the computer (such as the ones found in Desktop) are stored.

12. Optical Disc Drive It reads or writes data into optical discs (CD, DVD, Blu-ray Disc).

13. Random Access Memory Module It is the temporary storage device of the computer. It is used to hold the data that the computer is working on. The black rectangles are called RAM chips.

14. Central Processing Unit This is referred to as the computer’s brain as it does the processing job of the computer.This means that it is responsible for manipulating the data.

15. CPU Fan and Heatsink These two components work together in keeping the CPU from overheating.The metal is called the heatsink as it conducts heat from the CPU while the CPU fan blows the air to the heatsink. See next slide to know the airflow

17. System Fan This is found at the left side panel and the back panel of the system unit. It directs the flow of air in the system unit.

19. Motherboard It is the main circuit board of the computer that connects all other parts.

20. PARTS OFTHE MOTHERBOARD

21. Expansion Slots These are where the expansion cards such as modem card and graphics card are installed.These are different types of slots.

22. RAM Slots These are where the RAM modules are installed.

23. Northbridge Located between theCPU socket, Expansion slots, and RAM slots. It coordinates the flow of data between theCPU, graphics card, and RAM

24. Southbridge Located below the expansion slots, the Southbridge handles all of the computer’s input/output functions.

25. The location of the two Chipsets

26. BIOS Chip It stands for Basic Input/Output System. It contains the program that checks devices to know if the computer is ready to startup.

27. CMOS RAM It is the one that holds data used by the BIOS or Operating System.These data includes time, date, BIOS password.

28. CMOS Battery It provides the power used by the CMOS RAM so that even when the computer is off, the CMOS RAM can still keep data (this means time and date will not be reset).

29. Back Panel Ports Located at the back of the motherboard.This is where most of the computer peripherals are connected.These peripherals include the keyboard, mouse, and printer.

30. Front Panel Headers It is mostly located at the left and front side of the motherboard. Most computers have three front panel headers: system panel headers, audio headers, USB headers.

31. CPU Socket It is where the CPU is installed.

32. 20+4 Pin ATX Main Power Connector It is where the 20+4 Pin ATX Main Power Connector of the PSU is connected.

33. 4 Pin ATX 12V Power Connector It is where the 4 Pin ATX 12V Power Connector of the PSU is connected.

34. CPU Fan Header It is where the CPU fan is connected to get its power.

Computer Hardware: Parts & Functions

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