Cluster computer
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This document discusses computer clusters and their architecture. A cluster consists of loosely connected computers that can be viewed as a single system. It includes nodes, a network, an operating system, and cluster middleware to allow programs to run across nodes. Clusters provide benefits like data sharing, parallel processing, and task scheduling. The architecture includes a master node that manages the cluster and computing nodes that process tasks. Beowulf clusters specifically use many connected commodity computers as nodes. The document outlines some example applications and operating systems used in clusters.
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Cluster computer
- 2. Introduction History why cluster computing? Architecture Clustering Concept Several application Operating System Companies that use it High performance Clusters (HPC) 2
- 3. A computer cluster consists of a set of loosely connected computers that work together so that in many respects they can be viewed as a single system. Cluster consists of: Nodes(master+computing) Network OS Cluster middleware: It permits compute clustering programs to be portable to a wide variety of clusters. … Cluster Middle ware High Speed Local Network CPU CPU … CPU Cluster 3
- 4. INTRODUCTION Consists of many of the same or similar type of machines. Tightly-coupled using dedicated network connections. The components of a cluster are usually connected to each other through fast local area networks, each node running its own instance on an operating system. All machines share resources. They must trust each other so that does not require a password, otherwise you would need to do a manual start on each machine.
- 5. HISTORY The first commercial clustering product was ARCnet, developed by Data point in 1977. Digital Equipment Corporation released their VAX cluster product in 1984 for the VAX/VMS operating system. The ARCnet and VAX cluster products not only supported parallel computing, but also shared file systems and peripheral devices. The idea was to provide the advantages of parallel processing, while maintaining data reliability and uniqueness.
- 6. Through CLUSTERS Data sharing Message passing and communication Task scheduling Node failure management Parallel programming Debugging and monitoring
- 7. Logical view
- 8. ARCHITECTURE It consists of a collection of interconnected stand-alone computers cooperatively working together a single, integrated computing resource. A node: a single or multiprocessor system with memory, I/O facilities, &OS generally 2 or more computers (nodes) connected together in a single cabinet, or physically separated & connected via a LAN appear as a single system to users and applications provide a cost-effective way to gain features and benefits
- 9. ARCHITECTURE Database Replication Clusters
- 10. The components required to the development of low cost clusters are: Processors Memory Networking components Motherboards, busses, and other sub-systems
- 11. Beowulf cluster Start from 1994 Donald Becker of NASA assembled this cluster. Also called Beowulf cluster Applications like data mining, simulations, parallel processing, weather modeling, etc
- 12. A Beowulf Cluster is a computer design that uses parallel processing across multiple computers to create cheap and powerful supercomputers. A Beowulf Cluster in practice is usually a collection of generic computers connected through an internal network. A cluster has two types of computers, a master computer, and node computers. When a large problem or set of data is given to a Beowulf cluster, the master computer first runs a program that breaks the problem into small discrete pieces; it then sends a piece to each node to compute. As nodes finish their tasks, the master computer continually sends more pieces to them until the entire problem has been computed. 12
- 13. ( Ethernet,Myrinet….) + (MPI) Master: or service node or front node ( used to interact with users and manage the cluster ) Nodes : a group of computers (computing node s)( keyboard, mouse, floppy, video…) Communications between nodes on an interconnect network platform ( Ethernet, Myrinet….) In order for the master and node computers to communicate, some sort message passing control structure is required. MPI,(Message Passing Interface) is the most commonly used such control. 13
- 14. Brief Technical Parameters: OS: Service node: Computing nodes: System Memory: CentOS 5 managed by Rochs-cluster 1 (Intel P4 2.4 GHz) 32(Intel P4 2.4- 2.8 GHz) 1 GB per node Network Platforms: Gigabit Ethernet, 2 cards per node Myrinet 2 G Language: C, C++, Fortran, java Compiler: Intel compiler, sun Java compiler 14
- 16. High Performance Networks/Switches a. Ethernet (10Mbps), b. Fast Ethernet (100Mbps), c. Gigabit Ethernet (1Gbps) e. ATM f. Myrinet (1.2Gbps) g. Digital Memory Channel
- 17. ISSUES TO BE CONSIDERED Cluster Networking Cluster Software Programming Timing Network Selection Speed Selection
- 18. OS (Operating System ) Three of the most commonly used OS are : Windows mainly used to build a High Availability Cluster or a NLB(Network Local Balance) Cluster, provide services such as Database, File/Print,Web,Stream Media .Support 2-4 SMP or 32 processors. Hardly used to build a Science Computing Cluster Redhat Linux The most used OS for a Beowulf Cluster. provides High Performance and Scalability / High Reliability / Low Cost ( get freely and uses inexpensive commodity hardware ) SUN Solaris Uses expensive and unpopular hardware 18
- 19. State of the art Operating Systems with companies : a. Linux b. Microsoft NT c. SUN Solaris d. IBM AIX e. HP UX (Illinois - PANDA)
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- 21. Calculation procedure for peak performance: No of nodes 64 NO. of Master Nodes : 1 Memory RAM: 4 GB Hard Disk Capacity/each node : 250GB Storage Cap. 4 TB CLUSTER Software : ROCKS version 4.3 No .of processors and cores: 2 X 2 = 4(dual core + dual socket) CPU speed : 2.6 GHz 21
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