Clojure Macros Workshop: LambdaJam 2013 / CUFP 2013

Sep 24, 20130 likes1,550 views

Slides used for the exercises in the Macros hands-on at LambdaJam 2013 in Brisbane, Australia and CUFP 2013 in Boston, USA.

Bending Clojure to your Will:
Macros and Domain Speciﬁc
Languages
CUFP - Boston, 2013
Leonardo Borges
@leonardo_borges
www.leonardoborges.com
www.thoughtworks.com
Thursday, 19 September 13

Leonardo Borges
@leonardo_borges
www.leonardoborges.com
www.thoughtworks.com
• Thoughtworker
• Functional Programming enthusiast
• Clojure Evangelist
• Founder & Organiser of the Sydney
Clojure User Group (clj-syd)
• World traveller
• Fan of Murray’s Beers :)
about:me
Thursday, 19 September 13

It’s mind bending
Thursday, 19 September 13

If you give someone Fortran, he has Fortran.
If you give someone Lisp, he has any language he pleases.
- Guy Steele
Thursday, 19 September 13

But what are macros?
Thursday, 19 September 13

•Data is code is data
•Programs that write programs
•Magic happens at macro-expansion time
•Most control structures in Clojure are built out of macros
But what are macros?
Thursday, 19 September 13

Macro-expansion time
(defmacro arg-logger [& args]
(prn "Called with: " args)
`(do ~@args))
Thursday, 19 September 13

Macro-expansion time
(arg-logger
(+ 2 3))
Every usage of a macro
(do (+ 2 3))
Gets replaced with its expansion
prior to compilation
Thursday, 19 September 13

Runtime
(arg-logger
(+ 2 3))
;;"Called with: " ((+ 2 3))
Arguments are handed into macros unevaluated
Thursday, 19 September 13

More on that later
Thursday, 19 September 13

Debugging macros
(macroexpand '(cond true
"true"
:else "false"))
;;(if true "true" (clojure.core/cond :else "false"))
Thursday, 19 September 13

Debugging macros
(require '[clojure.walk :as w])
(w/macroexpand-all '(cond true
"true"
:else "false"))
;;(if true "true" (if :else "false" nil))
Thursday, 19 September 13

Quoting
Prevents evaluation
(def my-list (1 2 3))
;java.lang.Integer cannot be cast to clojure.lang.IFn
(def my-list '(1 2 3)) ;Success!
'my-list ;my-list
'(1 2 3) ;(1 2 3)
Thursday, 19 September 13

Syntax-quote
Automatically qualiﬁes all unqualiﬁed symbols
`my-list ; user/my-list
`prn ; clojure.core/prn
Note the backtick!
Thursday, 19 September 13

Unquote
Evaluates some forms in a quoted expression
Before unquoting...
`(map even? my-list)
;;(clojure.core/map clojure.core/even? user/my-list)
After...
`(map even? '~my-list)
;;(clojure.core/map clojure.core/even? (quote (1 2 3)))
Thursday, 19 September 13

Unquote-splicing
“Unpacks” a sequence
Before unquote-splicing...
`(+ ~my-list) ;;(clojure.core/+ (1 2 3))
(eval `(+ ~my-list)) ;;java.lang.Integer cannot be cast
to clojure.lang.IFn
Thursday, 19 September 13

Unquote-splicing
After...
`(+ ~@my-list) ;;(clojure.core/+ 1 2 3)
(eval `(+ ~@my-list)) ;;6
Thursday, 19 September 13

All of these are useful inside
macros!
Thursday, 19 September 13

Jam time!
•Get the code - http://bit.ly/cufp-2013-macros
•Make sure you have leiningen 2.x installed
•Run $lein midje or lein midje :autotest from the project root
•Watch the tests fail!
•Fix them :)
Thursday, 19 September 13

Summary
(defmacro macro-name [& args] ...)Deﬁning macros
(def my-list '(1 2 3))Quoting
`(+ my-list) ; (clojure.core/+ user/my-list)Syntax-quote
`(+ ~my-list) ; (clojure.core/+ (1 2 3))Unquote
(macroexpand '...)
(require '[clojure.walk :as w])
(w/macroexpand-all '...)
Debugging
Unquote-splicing `(+ ~@my-list) ; (clojure.core/+ 1 2 3)
Thursday, 19 September 13

Questions?
Leonardo Borges
@leonardo_borges
www.leonardoborges.com
www.thoughtworks.com
Thursday, 19 September 13

Go deeper
Let Over Lambda - http://bit.ly/let-over-lambda
On Lisp - http://bit.ly/on-lisp-book
Thursday, 19 September 13

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Clojure Macros Workshop: LambdaJam 2013 / CUFP 2013

1. Bending Clojure to your Will: Macros and Domain Speciﬁc Languages CUFP - Boston, 2013 Leonardo Borges @leonardo_borges www.leonardoborges.com www.thoughtworks.com Thursday, 19 September 13

2. Leonardo Borges @leonardo_borges www.leonardoborges.com www.thoughtworks.com • Thoughtworker • Functional Programming enthusiast • Clojure Evangelist • Founder & Organiser of the Sydney Clojure User Group (clj-syd) • World traveller • Fan of Murray’s Beers :) about:me Thursday, 19 September 13

3. Why macros? Thursday, 19 September 13

4. It’s fun Thursday, 19 September 13

5. Thursday, 19 September 13

6. It’s powerful Thursday, 19 September 13

7. Thursday, 19 September 13

8. It’s mind bending Thursday, 19 September 13

9. Thursday, 19 September 13

10. If you give someone Fortran, he has Fortran. If you give someone Lisp, he has any language he pleases. - Guy Steele Thursday, 19 September 13

11. But what are macros? Thursday, 19 September 13

12. •Data is code is data •Programs that write programs •Magic happens at macro-expansion time •Most control structures in Clojure are built out of macros But what are macros? Thursday, 19 September 13

13. Macro-expansion time (defmacro arg-logger [& args] (prn "Called with: " args) `(do ~@args)) Thursday, 19 September 13

14. Macro-expansion time (arg-logger (+ 2 3)) Every usage of a macro (do (+ 2 3)) Gets replaced with its expansion prior to compilation Thursday, 19 September 13

15. Runtime (arg-logger (+ 2 3)) ;;"Called with: " ((+ 2 3)) Arguments are handed into macros unevaluated Thursday, 19 September 13

16. More on that later Thursday, 19 September 13

17. Debugging macros (macroexpand '(cond true "true" :else "false")) ;;(if true "true" (clojure.core/cond :else "false")) Thursday, 19 September 13

18. Debugging macros (require '[clojure.walk :as w]) (w/macroexpand-all '(cond true "true" :else "false")) ;;(if true "true" (if :else "false" nil)) Thursday, 19 September 13

19. Quoting Prevents evaluation (def my-list (1 2 3)) ;java.lang.Integer cannot be cast to clojure.lang.IFn (def my-list '(1 2 3)) ;Success! 'my-list ;my-list '(1 2 3) ;(1 2 3) Thursday, 19 September 13

20. Syntax-quote Automatically qualiﬁes all unqualiﬁed symbols `my-list ; user/my-list `prn ; clojure.core/prn Note the backtick! Thursday, 19 September 13

21. Unquote Evaluates some forms in a quoted expression Before unquoting... `(map even? my-list) ;;(clojure.core/map clojure.core/even? user/my-list) After... `(map even? '~my-list) ;;(clojure.core/map clojure.core/even? (quote (1 2 3))) Thursday, 19 September 13

22. Unquote-splicing “Unpacks” a sequence Before unquote-splicing... `(+ ~my-list) ;;(clojure.core/+ (1 2 3)) (eval `(+ ~my-list)) ;;java.lang.Integer cannot be cast to clojure.lang.IFn Thursday, 19 September 13

23. Unquote-splicing After... `(+ ~@my-list) ;;(clojure.core/+ 1 2 3) (eval `(+ ~@my-list)) ;;6 Thursday, 19 September 13

24. All of these are useful inside macros! Thursday, 19 September 13

25. Jam time! Thursday, 19 September 13

26. Jam time! •Get the code - http://bit.ly/cufp-2013-macros •Make sure you have leiningen 2.x installed •Run $lein midje or lein midje :autotest from the project root •Watch the tests fail! •Fix them :) Thursday, 19 September 13

27. Summary (defmacro macro-name [& args] ...)Deﬁning macros (def my-list '(1 2 3))Quoting `(+ my-list) ; (clojure.core/+ user/my-list)Syntax-quote `(+ ~my-list) ; (clojure.core/+ (1 2 3))Unquote (macroexpand '...) (require '[clojure.walk :as w]) (w/macroexpand-all '...) Debugging Unquote-splicing `(+ ~@my-list) ; (clojure.core/+ 1 2 3) Thursday, 19 September 13

28. Questions? Leonardo Borges @leonardo_borges www.leonardoborges.com www.thoughtworks.com Thursday, 19 September 13

29. Go deeper Let Over Lambda - http://bit.ly/let-over-lambda On Lisp - http://bit.ly/on-lisp-book Thursday, 19 September 13

Clojure Macros Workshop: LambdaJam 2013 / CUFP 2013

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