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Basic Concepts of Computer
Networks and Communications
      Network Topology

                       Presented by-
             Company
                              Hassan Jan
     Habib
            LOGO      BS (1st Semester)
Presentation Contents

   Definition of Computer Networks
   Different Network Methods
   LAN
   Network Topologies
   Summary
Computer Networks


Definition:
 Computer networking is the engineering decipline
  concerned with the communication between computer
  systems or devices.
 A computer network is any set of computers or devices
  connected to each other with the ability to exchange
  data.
Different Network Methods


Different Network Methods are:
   Local area network (LAN),
   Metropolitan area network (MAN)
   Wide area network (WAN)
   Wireless LANs and WANs
Local Area Network (LAN)


Local Area Network(LAN),
 which is usually a small network
  constrained to a small geographic area.
  An example of a LAN would be a
  computer network within a building.
DEFINITION


       What is a Topology ?

 The physical topology of a network
refers to the configuration of cables,
 computers and other peripherals.
TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY


Three commonly used network topologies
are:-
      Bus Topology



    Ring Topology



    Star Topology
BUS TOPOLOGY



All computers and devices
connected to central cable or bus.

Consists of a main run of cable
with a terminator at each end.

Popular on LANs because they
are inexpensive and easy to
install.
BUS TOPOLOGY
RING TOPOLOGY




Cable forms closed ring or loop,
with all computers and devices
arranged along ring.

Data travels from device to
device around entire ring, in
one direction.

Primarily is used for LANs,
but also is used in WANs.
RING TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY



All devices connect to a
central device, called
hub.

All data transferred
from one computer to
another passes through
hub.
STAR TOPOLOGY
STAR TOPOLOGY
MESH TOPOLOGY


   In the mesh topology each computer are connected with each other by
    separate cable. Create point to point connection to every device on network.
    If one cable fail data always has alternative path to get to its destination.
   On a large scale, you can connect multiple LANs using mesh topology with
    leased line.
   This type topology generally use in military area.
DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN THE THREE
       TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY




WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND
 DISADVANTAGES OF THE THREE
   OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY?
SUMMARY


                      BUS TOPOLOGY



DEFINITION           ADVANTAGE               DISADVANTAGE
•All computers    •Easy to connect a       •Entire network shuts
  and devices         computer or                 down if
 connected to     peripheral to a linear   there is a break in the
 central cable           bus.                   main cable.
                  •Requires less cable       •Terminators are
                      length than            required at both
                    a star topology.       ends of the backbone
                                                   cable.
                                            •Difficult to identify
                                                 the problem
                                            if the entire network
                                                 shuts down.
SUMMARY


                         RING TOPOLOGY



                        ADVANTAGE                  DISADVANTAGE
 DEFINITION
                         •Data is quickly
  •Cable forms                                 •Data packets must pass
                      transferred without a
 closed ring or                                through every computer
                          ‘bottle neck’.
  loop, with all                                between the sender and
 computers and        •The transmission of
                                                recipient therefore, this
devices arranged        data is relatively
                                                     makes it slower.
   along ring.          simple as packets
                     travel in one direction     •If any of the nodes fail
                               only.             then the ring is broken
                                                    and data cannot be
                                               transmitted successfully.
                                                    •It is difficult to
                                                     troubleshoot
                                                         the ring.
SUMMARY



                        STAR TOPOLOGY



DEFINITION            ADVANTAGE                DISADVANTAGE
                                             •Requires more cable
 •All devices       •Easy to install and             length
 connect to a               wire.           than a linear topology.
central device,       •Security can be           If the hub or
  called hub.           implemented           concentrator fails,
                     in the hub/switch.      nodes attached are
                   •Easy to detect faults          disabled.
                           and to            More expensive than
                        remove parts        linear bus topologies
                                            because of the cost of
                                              the concentrators.
SUMMARY



                              MESH TOPOLOGY



 DEFINITION               ADVANTAGE               DISADVANTAGE
                                               Require more cable
   •In the mesh         •1.Provide redundant   then other topology .
  topology each        path between device..
   computer are
1.Provide redundant path between device.
  connected with      The network can be       Complicated
   each other by      expanded without           implementations.
 separate cable..     disruption to current
                      user..
Basic concepts of computer Networking
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Basic concepts of computer Networking

  • 1. Basic Concepts of Computer Networks and Communications Network Topology Presented by- Company Hassan Jan Habib  LOGO BS (1st Semester)
  • 2. Presentation Contents  Definition of Computer Networks  Different Network Methods  LAN  Network Topologies  Summary
  • 3. Computer Networks Definition:  Computer networking is the engineering decipline concerned with the communication between computer systems or devices.  A computer network is any set of computers or devices connected to each other with the ability to exchange data.
  • 4. Different Network Methods Different Network Methods are:  Local area network (LAN),  Metropolitan area network (MAN)  Wide area network (WAN)  Wireless LANs and WANs
  • 5. Local Area Network (LAN) Local Area Network(LAN),  which is usually a small network constrained to a small geographic area. An example of a LAN would be a computer network within a building.
  • 6. DEFINITION What is a Topology ? The physical topology of a network refers to the configuration of cables, computers and other peripherals.
  • 7. TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY Three commonly used network topologies are:- Bus Topology Ring Topology Star Topology
  • 8. BUS TOPOLOGY All computers and devices connected to central cable or bus. Consists of a main run of cable with a terminator at each end. Popular on LANs because they are inexpensive and easy to install.
  • 10. RING TOPOLOGY Cable forms closed ring or loop, with all computers and devices arranged along ring. Data travels from device to device around entire ring, in one direction. Primarily is used for LANs, but also is used in WANs.
  • 12. STAR TOPOLOGY All devices connect to a central device, called hub. All data transferred from one computer to another passes through hub.
  • 15. MESH TOPOLOGY  In the mesh topology each computer are connected with each other by separate cable. Create point to point connection to every device on network. If one cable fail data always has alternative path to get to its destination.  On a large scale, you can connect multiple LANs using mesh topology with leased line.  This type topology generally use in military area.
  • 16. DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN THE THREE TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THE THREE OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY?
  • 17. SUMMARY BUS TOPOLOGY DEFINITION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE •All computers •Easy to connect a •Entire network shuts and devices computer or down if connected to peripheral to a linear there is a break in the central cable bus. main cable. •Requires less cable •Terminators are length than required at both a star topology. ends of the backbone cable. •Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.
  • 18. SUMMARY RING TOPOLOGY ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE DEFINITION •Data is quickly •Cable forms •Data packets must pass transferred without a closed ring or through every computer ‘bottle neck’. loop, with all between the sender and computers and •The transmission of recipient therefore, this devices arranged data is relatively makes it slower. along ring. simple as packets travel in one direction •If any of the nodes fail only. then the ring is broken and data cannot be transmitted successfully. •It is difficult to troubleshoot the ring.
  • 19. SUMMARY STAR TOPOLOGY DEFINITION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE •Requires more cable •All devices •Easy to install and length connect to a wire. than a linear topology. central device, •Security can be If the hub or called hub. implemented concentrator fails, in the hub/switch. nodes attached are •Easy to detect faults disabled. and to More expensive than remove parts linear bus topologies because of the cost of the concentrators.
  • 20. SUMMARY MESH TOPOLOGY DEFINITION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE Require more cable •In the mesh •1.Provide redundant then other topology . topology each path between device.. computer are 1.Provide redundant path between device. connected with The network can be Complicated each other by expanded without implementations. separate cable.. disruption to current user..
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