Authorization objects a simple guide.doc (1)
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This document provides a guide to creating and using authorization objects in SAP Netweaver 2004s. It demonstrates how to create an authorization field, authorization class and object. It then shows how to create a role and profile to assign authorizations. Finally, it provides code to check authorizations and test the configuration. The guide is intended for those new to authorization objects and shows the basic steps to set them up in a simple scenario.
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- 1. SDN Contribution Authorization Objects – A Simple Guide Applies to: Netweaver 2004s Web Application Server SPS7 Summary This guide is intended to demonstrate how to create and use the Authorization Concept in the most simplest of conditions. It is based on the Netweaver Web Application Server, and will utilize a table available in all R/3 systems. Author(s): Glen Spalding Company: gingle Ltd Created on: 24th May 2006 Author Bio There did not appear to be any simple guide and explanation on how to create authorizations in the most simplest manner. Therefore, I thought I would create this basic guide that, I hope, explains the main principles and tasks needed for the beginner. This Authorization Object method should only be utilized in the most basic of uses. © 2006 SAP AG 1
- 2. Table of Contents Introduction......................................................................................................................................3 Scenario...........................................................................................................................................4 Create Authorization Field...............................................................................................................5 Create Authorization Class & Object...............................................................................................6 Create Role, Profile & Authorization................................................................................................9 Assign Role to User.......................................................................................................................12 Code the Authorization Check.......................................................................................................13 Testing...........................................................................................................................................14 Copyright........................................................................................................................................15 © 2006 SAP AG 2
- 3. Introduction The Authorization Object mechanism is used to inspect the current user’s privileges for specific data selection and activities from within a program. An Object Class contains one or more Authorization Objects. The Authorization Object is where Permitted Activity configurations are performed against specific fields. E.g. Change (being the activity) the material’s text – MAKTX (being the specific field), or Read (being the activity) a certain Customer (using Customer Number – KUNNR, as the specific field). Before a User can be granted permission by the Authorization Object, the User’s Master Record is assigned a Role, which includes a Profile. The Profile contains what is simply called the Authorization and is where the specific data for the Authorization Object’s field is assigned to the configured Permitted Activity. E.g. Allow changes to any Material Text, or read Customers between the ranges “AA100” & “BB999”. Finally the calling of the Authorization Object can me performed in code. User Master Record Role Authorization Object Object ClassAuthorization Object Authorization Object Role Role Authorization Profile © 2006 SAP AG 3
- 4. Scenario We will be using table “TSTC” – Transaction Codes, which should exist in any R/3 version. The screen shots are taken from the SAP Netweaver 2004s Release 7. We will demonstrate the selection of a record from this table, and due to the privileges revoked from the user, via an Authorization Object, the selection will be denied. We will create a specific Authorization Field for which the check will be made against. Then the Authorization Class and Authorization Object, in which the Field previously mentioned is added. A new Role and Profile will contain the actual Authorization for data. The Role will be assigned to the User Master Data. Finally the Authorization Object will be called in Code. © 2006 SAP AG 4
- 5. Create Authorization Field Transaction – SU20 Create a new Authorization Field by clicking on the Create button. Enter “ZTCODE” and “TCODE” in the Field Name and Data Element, then Enter. Notice the “Use in Authorization Objects” area at the bottom of the display. Naturally, as we have just created this Field, it is not yet utilized in any Authorization Object. Save, a “Local Object” will suffice. The Field has now been created for use in any Authorization Object. © 2006 SAP AG 5
- 6. Create Authorization Class & Object Transaction – SU21 Create a new Authorization Class (Object Class) by clicking on the Create button’s drop down icon, then select “Object C description and Save. Authorization Object. Object Class, and performsimilar action to before. Click on the Create buttodrop down, this time selecting “AuthorizatioObject”. © 2006 SAP AG 6
- 7. In the Authorization Object’s create screen, enter a Name, and description. Under the section “Authorization fields” enter two Field names. One being “ACTVT”, this is going to be responsible for the activities that will be permissible, and the other “ZTCODE” which is the Authorization Field, created earlier. Note: If a suitable Authorization Field already exists, it is possible to re-use it. However, for this example, we are assuming it did not, to give exposure to all necessary tasks involved when dealing with Authorization Objects. Be careful when navigating this screen, as it is a bit buggy. Now press the “Permitted activities” button, at the bottom of the Create Authorization Object screen, to begin configuring what actions can be taken against our new field ZTCODE. Save when prompted. At the next popup, simply press the tick, button to continue. Now we should be at the Define Values for the ACTVT field, where we will select 01, 02, and 03. Save and exit. All out Authorization Objects have now been created. Back out ALL THE WAY and check the creation and configuration in display mode. © 2006 SAP AG 7
- 8. Having assigned the Authorization Field to the Authorization Object just created. Return back to the Authorization Field – SU20, and check that the Field is actually assigned. Double click in the “ZTCODE” Authorization Field line On the next screen in the “Use in Authorization Objects” section, see the assignment. © 2006 SAP AG 8
- 9. Create Role, Profile & Authorization Transaction – PFCG We now have to create a Role, in which a new Profile will be added, and also an Authorization will be added that is responsible for permitting activities against specific data(fields) in the database – the actual authorization. Enter a Role name and press the create Role button, then supply a description and Save. On the Authorizations tab, in the “Maintain Authorization Data and Generate Profiles” area, press the “Change Authorization Data” button. On the next popup screen – “Choose Template”, select the “Do not select templates” option. © 2006 SAP AG 9
- 10. We are now in the Authorizations area where we will add specific activities to field data. Press the button “Manually”, ( Ctrl + Shift + F9 ) and enter the Authorization Object “Z_TCODE” created earlier. Select the Tick button to continue. Expand all nodes. Press the edit i Select all thre S No a © 2006 SAP AG 10
- 11. This current Authorization will permit a Create, C w Generate the Authorization using the generation A w R screen, and notice that we now have a Profile assigned to our Role, in the zation Profile” area. © 2006 SAP AG 11
- 12. Assign Role to User Transaction – SU01 Note: It is not in scope to explain how to create a user, so either, create a suitable user now, or select an appropriate one, so that the Role can be assigned. Also, make sure the user is able to execute a program in SE38, as this is how the Authorization will be tested and demonstrated. Choose the User, and in Edit mode, select the Roles tab. Assign the Role recently created, press Enter and Save. Note: If the User is currently logged on, the User will have to log off and on again before the new Role assignment can be utilized. © 2006 SAP AG 12
- 13. Code the Authorization Check Create the program as seen below to test the Authorization. Note the Authorization check with the syntax beginning AUTHORITY-CHECK and the checking of the sy-subrc. Also, the ‘03’ literal that is being passed into the Object check field “ACTVT” which denotes a “read”, and the p_tcode parameter being passed into the Object check field “ZTCODE” which represents the actual data, wishing to “read”. REPORT zauth_check_demo. DATA: wa_tstc TYPE tstc. PARAMETERS: p_tcode TYPE tcode. AUTHORITY-CHECK OBJECT 'Z_TCODE' ID 'ACTVT' FIELD '03' " read access ID 'ZTCODE' FIELD p_tcode. " actual value IF sy-subrc EQ 0. " check authorization * fetch record SELECT SINGLE * FROM tstc INTO wa_tstc WHERE tcode EQ p_tcode. WRITE:/ wa_tstc-tcode, wa_tstc-pgmna, wa_tstc-dypno, wa_tstc-menue, wa_tstc-cinfo, wa_tstc-arbgb. ELSE. * bad authorization WRITE:/ 'Bad Authorization'. ENDIF. © 2006 SAP AG 13
- 14. Testing Transaction – SE38 with appropriate Test User, that has been given the Role previously created. Execute the program above, in this case ZAUTH_CHECK_DEMO. Enter an permitted value and run the program. Result Now enter any other value, and see the difference Result © 2006 SAP AG 14
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