The document discusses ASP.NET MVC, which is a web development framework that follows the model-view-controller architectural pattern. It allows separating an application's data model, user interface, and application logic. ASP.NET MVC brings this development approach to ASP.NET, allowing developers to build dynamic, testable and SEO-friendly websites and applications. Some benefits of ASP.NET MVC include better support for unit testing, complete control over HTML, and enabling rich AJAX functionality. It also avoids some of the overhead of traditional ASP.NET forms applications.