Filipe Falcão presents an overview of AngularJS 2.0 compared to AngularJS 1.x. Some key differences include components replacing directives, using TypeScript for annotations instead of AngularJS, and bootstrapping components instead of controllers. AngularJS 2.0 also standardizes syntax, improves performance with zones and immutable objects, and uses a reactive system for change detection across the component tree. While still in alpha, AngularJS 2.0 shifts to web standards, improves speed, and simplifies the architecture with a focus on components.